U.S. Department of Transportation

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U.S. Department of TransportationU.S. Department of Transportation

Federal Aviation Administration


Jim CooneyJim Cooney

Accident Prevention Specialist

Safety Program Manager

Accident Prevention Specialist

Safety Program Manager


Nancy TrudellNancy Trudell

Manager Helena Flight Standards District

Office

The Big Kahuna

Manager Helena Flight Standards District

Office

The Big Kahuna


Steve RobinsonSteve Robinson

Billings Flight Service

Flight Standards


Flight Standards


FAAFAAFederal AcronymAssociation


FAAFAAFriendly Aviation Agency



Orville MooreOrville Moore Moore Quality Flying Service

Safety Program Counselor

Moore Quality Flying Service



Form

1040EZ Income Tax Return 1995

Name &Address L

A Print your name above (first, initial, last) B

E Home address (no and street) apt no L City, town or post office, state and ZIP code

Form

1040EZ Income Tax Return 1995

Name &Address L

A Print your name above (first, initial, last) B

E Home address (no and street) apt no L City, town or post office, state and ZIP code

Report Your Income 1. How much did you make last year? 1.

Figureyour Tax 2. How much do you have left? 2.

3. Send it to us! 3.

Sign your signature date

yourreturn X


2 Essentials of Flight

LiftMoney


FAR PART 61 & 91

Federal Aviation RegulationsA REVIEW OF

Federal Aviation RegulationsA REVIEW OF


Airspace ReclassificationAirspace Reclassification

Positive Control Airspace Class A Terminal Control Area Class B Airport Radar Service Area Class C Airport Traffic Area-Control Zone Class D Controlled Airspace Class E Uncontrolled Airspace Class G


FAR 91.155Basic VFR Weather Minimums

FAR 91.155Basic VFR Weather Minimums

Altitude Visibility Cloud Clearance

Class A Not Applicable Not Applicable

Class B 3 statute miles Clear of Clouds

Class C & D 3 statute miles 500 feet below

1000 feet above

2000 feet horizontalClass E Same Samebelow 10k

10k & above 5 statute miles 1000 feet below1000 feet above2000 feet horizontal


FAR 91.155 cont.FAR 91.155 cont.Altitude Visibility Cloud Clearance

Class G

Day 1200 ft. or less 1 statute mile Clear of cloudsNight 1200 ft or less 3 statute miles 500 ft. below

1000 ft. above2000 ft. horizontal

Day 1200 ft. to 10,000 1 statute mile 500 ft. below 1000 ft above2000 ft. horizontal

Night 1200 to 10,000 3 statute miles 500 ft. below1000 ft.above2000 ft. horizontal

More than 1200 and 5 statute miles 1000 ft. below and above 10,000 1000 ft. above 1 mile horizontal


FAR 61.3Required Certificates

FAR 61.3Required Certificates

(a) Pilot certificate - in personal possession (c) Appropriate and current medical

certificate - in personal possession (e) Instrument rating - when conditions are

less than minimums for VFR flight (h) Inspection of certificate - upon request


FAR 61.14Drug or Alcohol Test

FAR 61.14Drug or Alcohol Test

(b) Refusal, Grounds forSuspension or Revocation


61.31 High Performance Aircraft61.31 High Performance Aircraft

Cannot act as PIC High Performance AC 200 Horsepower or retractable gear, flaps,

& controllable propeller flight instruction from authorized CFI logbook endorsement PIC time before November 1, 1973 PIC check by FAA , 121, 125, 135 PIC

check, or a military PIC check

Cannot act as PIC High Performance AC 200 Horsepower or retractable gear, flaps,

& controllable propeller flight instruction from authorized CFI logbook endorsement PIC time before November 1, 1973 PIC check by FAA , 121, 125, 135 PIC



61.31 High Altitude Aircraft61.31 High Altitude Aircraft

Private or commercial pilot cannot act as PIC of pressurized AC with service ceiling or max operating altitude above 25,000’ unless that person has: flight instruction from authorized CFI logbook endorsement

PIC time before April 15, 1991 PIC check by FAA, 121, 125, 135 PIC



61.31 Tailwheel Aircraft61.31 Tailwheel Aircraft

Cannot act as PIC of tailwheel AC unless that pilot has: flight instruction from authorized CFI including

normal, crosswind, and wheel landings logbook endorsement

Grandfather clause - PIC time before April 15, 1991

Cannot act as PIC of tailwheel AC unless that pilot has: flight instruction from authorized CFI including

normal, crosswind, and wheel landings logbook endorsement

Grandfather clause - PIC time before April 15, 1991


FAR 61.51Logging of Pilot time (c)

FAR 61.51Logging of Pilot time (c)

1. Solo - sole occupant 2. Pilot in command - sole

manipulator 3. Second in command - aircraft

requires more than one pilot. 4. Instrument time - simulated or

actual - CFI - instructing in actual conditions


61.56 Flight Review 61.56 Flight Review No person may act as PIC without a

Flight Review and Logbook endorsement. 1 Hr Flight Instruction 1 Hour Ground Instruction

Complete “approved” proficiency check Complete the “Wings” Program

Flight Instructors who have completed renewal need not complete ground instruction


61.57 Recent Flight Experience61.57 Recent Flight Experience Daytime - cannot act as PIC carrying

passengers unless 3 Takeoffs & landings in same category &

class during last 90 days Full Stop in tailwheel aircraft

Night 3 Takeoffs & landings in same category &

class during last 90 days 1 Hr after sunset to 1 Hr before sunrise


61.57 Recent IFR Experience61.57 Recent IFR Experience

Cannot act as PIC under IFR nor in WX below VFR unless within last 6 calendar months 6 Hours of actual or simulated 3 Hrs in flight in same category of aircraft 6 Instrument approaches in same category

Instrument Competency Check FAA , Military, FAA check pilot, certified CFII

Cannot act as PIC under IFR nor in WX below VFR unless within last 6 calendar months 6 Hours of actual or simulated 3 Hrs in flight in same category of aircraft 6 Instrument approaches in same category

Instrument Competency Check FAA , Military, FAA check pilot, certified CFII


FAR 61.189Flight Instructor Records

FAR 61.189Flight Instructor Records

(a) Each Flight Instructor ShallSign the Logbook

Of each person he has givenFlight or Ground Instruction


FAR 61.193Flight Instructor Authorizations

FAR 61.193Flight Instructor Authorizations

A Flight Instructor is Authorized (a) To give Flight and Ground Inst. (b) To Endorse the Certificate for Solo

or Solo Cross-country (c) To Endorse the Logbook for single

or repeated Solo Flights (d) To Endorse the Logbook for prep.

& preflight planning for XC


FAR 91.3 Responsibility & Authority of Pilot in Command

FAR 91.3 Responsibility & Authority of Pilot in Command

Final Authority as to the operation of that aircraft.

May deviate from any rule to the extent required to meet an emergency.

Shall upon request send a written report of that deviation to the Administrator.


91.103 Preflight Action 91.103 Preflight Action

Each Pilot in Command shall, before beginning a flight, become familiar with all available information concerning that flight.

weather, fuel requirements, alternatives, traffic delays, takeoff & landing distances.

any necessary information relating to aircraft performance.


FAR 91.111 Operating Near Other Aircraft

FAR 91.111 Operating Near Other Aircraft

No person may operate an aircraft so close to another aircraft as to create a collision hazard.

No formation flight - except by pre- arrangement of PICs.

No formation flight with passengers for hire.


FAR 91.117 Aircraft SpeedFAR 91.117 Aircraft Speed

Below 10,000’ MSL: 250 knots or less - 288 mph or less

Within 4 NM of an airport in class C or class D airspace at or below 2500 AGL :

200 knots or less - 230 mph or less Below airspace underlying class B airspace

200 knots or less - 230 mph or less


FAR 91.119 Minimum Safe Altitudes

FAR 91.119 Minimum Safe Altitudes

Anywhere - An altitude which will allow a safe emergency landing without hazard to people or property on the surface.

Congested Area - 1000’ above the highest obstacle within 2000’ or the aircraft.

Other than congested areas - 500’ Over water & sparsely populated areas:

no closer than 500’ to any person, vessel, vehicle or structure.


FAR 91.411 Altimeter System Checks

FAR 91.411 Altimeter System Checks

No person may operate an aircraft in controlled airspace under IFR unless

Within the previous 24 calendar months the system has been checked and found to

comply to part 43 Following installation of an encoder or any

system maintenance the system has been checked and found to

comply to part 43


FAR 91.411 Transponder Tests & Inspections

FAR 91.411 Transponder Tests & Inspections

No person may use an ATC transponder unless:

within the previous 24 calendar months the system has been checked and found to

comply to part 43 following installation or maintenance on a

transponder the system has been checked and found to

comply to part 43


Secret to Taking a Check RideSecret to Taking a Check Ride

Allow a check pilot to establish his (or her superiority..

When he thinks you think that he’s the greatest thing since Lindberg, the ride will go better!!!


Emergency LandingsEmergency Landings

Airspeed - level or slightly low nose attitude - Fly the Airplane.

Airfield - landing site within 45 degrees. Fuel - Carb Heat - Ignition. Fly the Airplane - maintain control. Pilot should know emergency procedures

specific to the airplane he/she is flying. Final Phase - Fly the Airplane - No steep

turns close to the ground - flaps.


It’s a physiological fact that your can only do one thing at a time.

If you spend too much time doing one thing in an airplane,

know that something else is probably going to hell.


NTSB U.S. Transportation Fatalities

NTSB U.S. Transportation Fatalities

Highway 21,366 21,494 Aviation 994 800 Marine 972 861

1992 1993


Learn from the Mistakes of Others....

You will not live long enough

to make them all yourself!

Learn from the Mistakes of Others....

You will not live long enough

to make them all yourself!


Aircraft Accidents by YearState of Montana

Aircraft Accidents by YearState of Montana

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

33 35

26

20

10

40

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995


Good Judgment comes from experience...

Experience is often the result of bad judgment!


Aircraft Fatalities by YearState of Montana

Aircraft Fatalities by YearState of Montana

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

9

14

21

47

10

5

10

15

20

25

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995


Military Training RoutesMilitary Training Routes 3 Mid Air Collisions since 1986 51 known near mid air incidents 46 NASA Reports Filed Need to determine activity in MTR for

flight planning purposes. AC-210-5B “Military Flying Activities” AC 90-48C “


Military Training RoutesMilitary Training Routes Airman’s Information Manual

Chapter 3, Section 5, Para 3-41 Sectional Aeronautical Charts IFR Enroute Low Altitude Charts


Stall - Spin AccidentsStall - Spin Accidents

3rd Leading cause of fatalities. Need to stress recurrent training. High level vs low level stalls. Need to teach approach to stall

awareness. Need to develop immediate reactions

to approach to low level stall situations.

3rd Leading cause of fatalities. Need to stress recurrent training. High level vs low level stalls. Need to teach approach to stall

awareness. Need to develop immediate reactions

to approach to low level stall situations.


Don’t put yourself in a situation

where you are committed to just one course of

action!


VMC into IMCVMC into IMC

2rd Leading cause of fatalities Need to stress the importance of

not pressing the weather Legal minimums not necessarily

safe minimums 178 Seconds The 180 degree turn can be a life

saving maneuver

2rd Leading cause of fatalities Need to stress the importance of

not pressing the weather Legal minimums not necessarily

safe minimums 178 Seconds The 180 degree turn can be a life

saving maneuver


VertigoVertigo The inability of a person to

perceive his/her position relative to the earth.

In other words.... he/she cannot tell which way

is UP!!!


If the weather briefing makes you nervous...

What makes you think the flight

will calm your nerves?


It’s better to be on the ground, wishing you were

in the air, than it is

to be in the air, wishing you were on the

ground!


Unwarranted Low Level FlyingUnwarranted Low Level Flying

The Leading Cause of Fatalities in Montana

Low level sight-seeing Looking for Elk or Game Just Plain Buzzing Life Threatening Situation 43 Fatalities over 10 year period

The Leading Cause of Fatalities in Montana

Low level sight-seeing Looking for Elk or Game Just Plain Buzzing Life Threatening Situation 43 Fatalities over 10 year period


Minimum Safe AltitudeMinimum Safe Altitude

A. One where you don’t hit anything. B. One where you don’t have to worry

about hitting anything. C. One where neither you, nor your

passengers nor the FAA have to worry about you hitting anything!

A. One where you don’t hit anything. B. One where you don’t have to worry

about hitting anything. C. One where neither you, nor your

passengers nor the FAA have to worry about you hitting anything!


Caution is not Cowardice...

Nor is carelessness...

COURAGE!!


Farm for SaleFarm for Sale

Quiet Surroundings

Wood Structure Included

Flowers blooming annually

Area 3’ x 6’ x 6’

For More Information

Ignore Safety


Pilot Proficiency Award Program

Pilot Proficiency Award Program

“Wings” Attend Safety Meeting 1 Hr Dual - Instruments 1 Hr. Dual - Basic Air

Maneuvers 1 Hr. Dual - Landings


Set of Wings

Wall Certificate Suitable for Framing


Flight Instructor - WingsFlight Instructor - Wings

Put 3 Students through the Wings Program - Receive your wings!

Good for the first three phases No waiting period Remaining phases - Proficiency Flight

& 12 month waiting period


1995 Maintenance Technician of the Year Award

1995 General Aviation Flight Instructor of the Year Award

Cash Prizes

Free Trip to the EAA Fly-In Convention


9th Annual Family Fly-In and Flight

Safety Expo

9th Annual Family Fly-In and Flight

Safety Expo

July 20-23, 1995Helena, Montana


Thanks for Having Us!

Thanks for Having Us!


“A Superior pilot is one who stays out of trouble

by using Superior Judgment to avoid situations which might require

the use of Superior skill.”


Sig UgrinSig Ugrin Miles City Aero Service


Miles City Aero Service



Ted MasonTed Mason

Manager Air Traffic Control

Manager Air Traffic Control


Irene GrossIrene Gross


Great Falls Flight Service


Great Falls Flight Service

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