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US Expansion to 1800
US after Louisiana Purchase
US Expansion 13 original state 7 free , 6 slave 9 states added since original 13 1791-1819
Free Slave VT-1791 KY-1792 OH-1803 TN-1796 IN-1816 LA-1812 IL-1818 MS-1817
AL-1819 22 state total by 1819 11 free 11 slave
Factors in Expansion Population doubles from 1800-1820
5.3 million to 9.6 million Farming practices demanded it
no crop rotation wore out soil Plantation system limits availability
Availability of cheap land Land act of 1820--80 acres $1.25 per acre Easy credit from Bank of US, state banks Natives were subdued east of Mississippi
Internal Improvements Steam Boats opened up Ohio & Mississippi
valleys National or Cumberland Road- Maryland to Illinois
Senatorial Crisis
MO applied for statehood in 1819 as a SLAVE State first state carved entirely out of LA Purchase
Tallmadge (NY) amendment forbid further importation of slaves into MO Provided for gradual emancipation of slaves in
MO Infuriated south—threat to their livelihood
Northern attempt to limit slavery—dangerous precedent
Throw off balance in Senate Threatened secession
Congress adjourns before senate acts
The Missouri Compromise 1820 congress reconvenes
ME had applied for statehood—free state Congress compromised
ME—admitted as free state MO—admitted as slave state
Retained balance in the Senate for now 12 Slave states 12 free states
Thomas (IL) Amendment No slavery north of 36° 30' in LA Purchase Most southern congressmen voted against
compromise, but it was passed along with Missouri statehood
What’s wrong with this picture?
What’s right with this picture?
Foreshadowing:
Jefferson: [with slavery, we have] “a wolf by
the ears, and we can neither hold him nor safely let him go”
John Quincy Adams: “I take it for granted that the present
question is merely a preamble—a title page to a great, tragic volume”
Problems much larger territory north of 36° 30'
than below it (senate)balance would be upset sooner or
later separate set of laws for N and S
dividing country across a line Runaway slave question-what happens
to them? Returned? Free? no provisions for future purchases Puts off issue just as Constitution did Forget about it for 30 years or so
Monroe Doctrine the American continents, by the free and independent
condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. . .
It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that we should behold such interposition in any form with indifference.
Monroe Doctrine-4 factors US wants to expand its territory
Russia, Britain both threaten that Spain’s empire crumbling
Mexico, Columbia want diplomatic recognition Great Britain was the biggest threat to US
interests Dominate trade, military threat
Growth of US industry demanded that US dominate trade with Latin America