U.S. History

Chapter 6: Conflicts in the ColoniesSection 1: Trouble on the Frontier

Colonists’ Relations with American Indians

1620: Pilgrims arrive in Massachusetts

Colonists’ Relations with American Indians

1621: Chief Massasoit of the Wampanoag signed a peace treaty with the Pilgrims

Colonists’ Relations with American Indians

“I am determined not to live until I have no country”

--Metacomet

Colonists’ Relations with American Indians

•Metacomet: Wampanoag chief who led Indian tribes in King Philip’s WarMetacomet

a.k.a. “King Philip”

Colonists’ Relations with American Indians

•Militia—body of civilians serving as soldiers

•Attacked each other’s settlements & crops

•1676: Conflict ends

Colonists’ Relations with American Indians

•The Cost:–Indians attacked over one-half of New England's 92 towns

–600 colonists dead

–3,000 Indians dead

Colonists’ Relations with American Indians

Colonists’ Relations with American Indians

•Indian Alliances

–British: Iroquois League

–French: Algonquian & Huron

Conflicts with France

•King William’s War (1689-97)

•Queen Anne's War (1702-13)

Conflicts with France

•King George’s War (1740-48)

•British & French continue to compete over Ohio Valley & Great Lakes region

Conflicts with France

• French build forts in Ohio Valley

• 1753: Robert Dinwiddie demands French give up forts

Gov. Robert Dinwiddie

Conflicts with France

• George Washington sent on expedition

• French refuse to give up forts

George Washington

Conflicts with France

•Colonists realize they are poorly organized

•1754: Seven colonies send delegates to Albany, NY

Conflicts with France

• Objective: treaty with the Iroquois

• Benjamin Franklin writes Albany Plan of union

Benjamin Franklin

Conflicts with France

•Albany Plan of Union—called for the colonies to unite for the first time under a president general & a grand council

Conflicts with France

REJECTED!

The French & Indian War

French & Indian War = Seven Years’ War

The French & Indian War

• Dinwiddie orders a fort built at the forks

• French forces drive off the Virginians

The French & Indian War

French construct Ft. Duquesne

The French & Indian War

• While the Albany Plan was being written, George Washington & his troops were fighting the French in the Ohio Valley

George Washington

Washington establishes camp at Great Meadows

The French & Indian War

Washington receives word that a group of French troops are encamped nearby

The French & Indian War

•Ensign Joseph Coulon de Villiers de Jumonville killed

•Jumonville claimed he was a diplomat

The French & Indian War

Washington constructs a “Fort of Necessity”

The French & Indian War

•French attack Washington

•Washington forced to surrender Capt. Louis Coulon

de Villiers

The French & Indian War

•Casualties—people who are killed, wounded, captured, or missing in a war

The French & Indian War•Edward

Braddock: General who led the British army and the colonial militia in the Seven Years’ War

The French & Indian War

•1755: Braddock sets out to lay siege to Ft. Duquesne

•Ambushed by French & Indian forces

•500 British casualties

The French & Indian War

General Braddock among the dead

The French & Indian War

•1759: James Wolfe captures Quebec

•Fighting continues until 1763

General James Wolfe

Treaty of Paris

•British gains:

–All of Canada

–French lands east of the Mississippi River

–Florida

Treaty of Paris

•Spanish gains:

–All French territory West of the Mississippi River

–New Orleans