U.S. History IU.S. History IChapter 8Chapter 8

““The Progressive Era”The Progressive Era”Clockwise from left: Tenement, Children in Poverty,Clockwise from left: Tenement, Children in Poverty,

Industrial Pollution, Worker Unrest, Political Corruption, &Industrial Pollution, Worker Unrest, Political Corruption, &

Worker ConditionsWorker Conditions

Chapter 8 Section1Chapter 8 Section1

“ “The Drive for Reform”The Drive for Reform”2.3, 2.5, 3.6, & 3.82.3, 2.5, 3.6, & 3.8

Origins of ProgressivismOrigins of Progressivism

Many felt that Industrialization and Many felt that Industrialization and Urbanization caused social and Urbanization caused social and political problems.political problems.

““Progress”ives: wanted to fix the Progress”ives: wanted to fix the “ills” of society“ills” of society

What is step in one in ALL 12-Step What is step in one in ALL 12-Step programs (AA…etc)?programs (AA…etc)?

http://dig.lib.niu.edu/gildedage/http://dig.lib.niu.edu/gildedage/ (Illinois During the Gilded Age)(Illinois During the Gilded Age)

Muckrakers “Reveal” the Need for Muckrakers “Reveal” the Need for ReformReform

What is “Muck”?What is “Muck”? What is a Rake?What is a Rake? Muckraker:Muckraker: Writer’s who Writer’s who

“exposed” America’s “dirt” “exposed” America’s “dirt” (Problems)(Problems)

Lincoln SteffensLincoln Steffens: : The The Shame of the CitiesShame of the Cities--Exposed Political Exposed Political Corruption (Top Right)Corruption (Top Right)

Jacob RiisJacob Riis: : How The Other How The Other Half LivHalf Lives-Exposed es-Exposed Immigrant ConditionsImmigrant Conditions

Ida TarbellIda Tarbell: : The History of The History of Standard OilStandard Oil-Criticized -Criticized Rockefeller and Standard Rockefeller and Standard Oil Monopoly (Top Left)Oil Monopoly (Top Left)

Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair: : The JungleThe Jungle- - Criticized meat industry Criticized meat industry (Bottom Right)(Bottom Right)

Progressives Reform SocietyProgressives Reform Society Walter RauschenbuschWalter Rauschenbusch: :

Christianity and the Christianity and the Social CrisisSocial Crisis- America - America needed to follow The needed to follow The Holy Bible to “fix” Holy Bible to “fix” society society (Social Gospel)(Social Gospel) “Revive” Society“Revive” Society

*many protestant *many protestant leaders followed the leaders followed the Social Gospel (Child Social Gospel (Child Labor/Shorter Labor/Shorter Workweek)Workweek)

Jane AddamsJane Addams: 1889: : 1889: Opened “Hull-House” in Opened “Hull-House” in Chicago: “Settlement Chicago: “Settlement House” to aid urban House” to aid urban poor (Women/Children)poor (Women/Children)

Have you ever the story Have you ever the story of Rosemary’s Baby?of Rosemary’s Baby?

Hull House-Boo!Hull House-Boo!

What purposeWhat purpose would “devil baby”would “devil baby”

legend serve?legend serve?

Hint: Think aboutHint: Think about

Social gospelSocial gospel

Protecting Children and Industrial Protecting Children and Industrial WorkersWorkers

1902: National Child Labor Committee1902: National Child Labor Committee 1912: 1912: U.S. Children’s BureauU.S. Children’s Bureau: Looked out : Looked out

for Health and Welfare of Childrenfor Health and Welfare of Children John DeweyJohn Dewey: Wanted children to think : Wanted children to think

“critically” and not just memorize facts“critically” and not just memorize facts Triangle Shirtwaste CompanyTriangle Shirtwaste Company: 1911 146 : 1911 146

Workers killed in fireWorkers killed in fire *Led to workplace safety laws*Led to workplace safety laws *many states also limited workday to 10 *many states also limited workday to 10

hourshours 1905: Lochner v. U.S.1905: Lochner v. U.S.: Ruled law : Ruled law

“unconstitutional” “Right to work case”“unconstitutional” “Right to work case”

Reforming GovernmentReforming Government

1900: Galveston, TX1900: Galveston, TX Hurricane killed 8,000 Hurricane killed 8,000

People (Largest People (Largest Natural Disaster in Natural Disaster in U.S. History)U.S. History)

Led to change from Led to change from Mayor to Mayor to “Commission” system “Commission” system of power (5 member of power (5 member commission board)commission board)

““Laboratory of Democracy”Laboratory of Democracy” Robert La FolletteRobert La Follette: Gov. : Gov.

of Wisconsinof Wisconsin Direct PrimaryDirect Primary: Citizens : Citizens

vote for “nominee” that vote for “nominee” that can run in electioncan run in election

InitiativeInitiative: Citizens can : Citizens can use a petition to put use a petition to put issue on a ballotissue on a ballot

ReferendumReferendum: Citizens : Citizens can approve or reject can approve or reject laws on ballotlaws on ballot

RecallRecall: Power to remove : Power to remove elected official before their elected official before their term endedterm ended