FUTURE OF LAND FUTURE OF LAND IMAGINGIMAGING
U.S. Land Imaging Needs &U.S. Land Imaging Needs &Long-Term ContinuityLong-Term Continuity
Future of Land ImagingFuture of Land Imaging
Interagency Working GroupInteragency Working Group(FLI-IWG)(FLI-IWG)
U.S. Group on Earth ObservationsU.S. Group on Earth Observations
Committee on Environment and Natural ResourcesCommittee on Environment and Natural Resources
National Science and Technology CouncilNational Science and Technology Council
Executive Office of the PresidentExecutive Office of the President
Washington, DCWashington, DC
22Future of Land Imaging – Interagency Working Group
AGENDAAGENDA
Background – Land Imaging Policy History – OSTP Memoranda
What is Land Imaging ?– Moderate Resolution Imagery is …– Moderate Resolution Imagery is Important because …
The National Science and Technology Council Study Process – Scope and Charter of the FLI-IWG– Assumptions– Needs Analysis -- What are the Societal Benefits ?– Options for Meeting U.S. Land Imaging Needs– Governance Options
How You Can Become Involved
33Future of Land Imaging – Interagency Working Group
Since 1972, the U.S. has flown Landsat – for Agriculture, Forestry, Since 1972, the U.S. has flown Landsat – for Agriculture, Forestry, Mapping, Geology, and a variety of other scientific and Mapping, Geology, and a variety of other scientific and operational usesoperational uses
In 1979, the U.S. attempted, but failed, to commercialize LandsatIn 1979, the U.S. attempted, but failed, to commercialize Landsat In 1992, the U.S. Congress established The Land Remote Sensing In 1992, the U.S. Congress established The Land Remote Sensing
Policy ActPolicy Act– Suspended commercialization attempts and authorized Landsat 7Suspended commercialization attempts and authorized Landsat 7– Adopted the Landsat Data Availability PolicyAdopted the Landsat Data Availability Policy
International Open Skies TreatyInternational Open Skies Treaty Non-Discriminatory User AccessNon-Discriminatory User Access
– Provided for Commercial Licensing, Advanced Technology, and Applications Provided for Commercial Licensing, Advanced Technology, and Applications Research ProgramsResearch Programs
In 2003, the U.S. attempted, but failed, to establish a Public-In 2003, the U.S. attempted, but failed, to establish a Public-Private Partnership for Landsat Data ContinuityPrivate Partnership for Landsat Data Continuity
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDLand Imaging Policy HistoryLand Imaging Policy History
44Future of Land Imaging – Interagency Working Group
In August 2004, OSTP modified Landsat StrategyIn August 2004, OSTP modified Landsat Strategy– Validated the importance of Landsat-type Imagery to U.S. economic, Validated the importance of Landsat-type Imagery to U.S. economic,
environmental, and national security interestsenvironmental, and national security interests– Transitioned Landsat to a sustained operational programTransitioned Landsat to a sustained operational program– Placed a Landsat-type instrument on the National Polar Operational Placed a Landsat-type instrument on the National Polar Operational
Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)
In December 2005, OSTP revised the StrategyIn December 2005, OSTP revised the Strategy– Removed Landsat from NPOESS due to design complexitiesRemoved Landsat from NPOESS due to design complexities– Authorized construction of a new Landsat “free-flyer” satelliteAuthorized construction of a new Landsat “free-flyer” satellite– Initiated a Long-Term Continuity Study to identify Future Needs and Initiated a Long-Term Continuity Study to identify Future Needs and
Options for U.S. Land ImagingOptions for U.S. Land Imaging– Established the Future of Land Imaging Interagency Working Group Established the Future of Land Imaging Interagency Working Group
(FLI IWG)(FLI IWG)
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDOSTP MemorandaOSTP Memoranda
55Future of Land Imaging – Interagency Working Group
The characteristics of satellite imaging required to obtain:– Accurate spectral and spatial information– Frequent synoptic views of the Earth– Precise geo-referenced data for mapping and monitoring – Scaleable geospatial information across global, hemispheric,
continental, regional, and local geographies Data calibrated to a national standard over time -- for
measuring real physical changes to the Earth Information about:
– Earth’s geology, hydrology, climatology, biology, and other natural system sciences
– The habitability, sustainability, and quality of life on our planet– Society’s physical, economic, and social infrastructure– Ways to mitigate and respond to human-caused and natural disasters
WHAT IS LAND IMAGING ?WHAT IS LAND IMAGING ?Moderate Resolution Imagery is …Moderate Resolution Imagery is …
66Future of Land Imaging – Interagency Working Group
WHAT IS LAND IMAGING ?WHAT IS LAND IMAGING ?Moderate Resolution Imagery is Important because Moderate Resolution Imagery is Important because ……
Land Imaging Directly Land Imaging Directly Benefits SocietyBenefits Society– Agriculture and ForestryAgriculture and Forestry– Land Use Planning and Land Use Planning and
ManagementManagement– Water Resource Water Resource
ManagementManagement– Emergency / Disaster Emergency / Disaster
ManagementManagement– Coastal Zone ManagementCoastal Zone Management– Ecological ForecastingEcological Forecasting– National / Homeland National / Homeland
Security supportSecurity support– Transportation Management Transportation Management
and Infrastructure Planningand Infrastructure Planning
77Future of Land Imaging – Interagency Working Group
Led by the National Science and Technology Council, with representatives from:– National Aeronautics and Space Administration– U.S. Department of the Interior / U.S. Geological Survey– U.S. Department of Agriculture– U.S. Department of Defense – National Geospatial Intelligence Agency– National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Conduct Fact-Finding and Needs Assessment– Why does the U.S. need Moderate-Resolution Land Images ?– What are the Options for acquiring these Capabilities or Data ?– How should U.S. Land Imaging be managed ?
Produce “a long-term plan… in accord with the goals and objectives of the U.S. Integrated Earth Observation System.”
Report in early 2007 with 2nd and 3rd Qtr 2006 Interim Reports
THE NSTC STUDY PROCESSTHE NSTC STUDY PROCESSScope and Charter of the FLI-Scope and Charter of the FLI-IWGIWG
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THE NSTC STUDY PROCESSTHE NSTC STUDY PROCESSAssumptionsAssumptions
Continuity of the U.S. Land Data Record Continuity of the U.S. Land Data Record will bewill be maintainedmaintained
… … but Landsat but Landsat will notwill not constrain future U.S. Land constrain future U.S. Land Imaging capabilities and designsImaging capabilities and designs
Alternatives should meet the Landsat Data Alternatives should meet the Landsat Data Continuity Standard while addressing additional Continuity Standard while addressing additional U.S. needsU.S. needs– Greater spatial or spectral resolutionGreater spatial or spectral resolution– Greater frequency of coverage and “steerable” imagingGreater frequency of coverage and “steerable” imaging– Multi-purpose Imaging Systems (Radar, Radar hybrids, Multi-purpose Imaging Systems (Radar, Radar hybrids,
Hyperspectral)Hyperspectral)
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The FLI-IWG will inventory and assess the societal benefit of The FLI-IWG will inventory and assess the societal benefit of Land Imaging and how it can best be metLand Imaging and how it can best be met
Societal Benefits are a core feature of the International Global Societal Benefits are a core feature of the International Global Earth Observing System of Systems and the U.S. Integrated Earth Observing System of Systems and the U.S. Integrated Earth Observing SystemEarth Observing System
– WeatherWeather– Natural DisastersNatural Disasters– Ocean ResourcesOcean Resources– Climate Variability and ChangeClimate Variability and Change– Agriculture and ForestryAgriculture and Forestry
There are other Societal Benefits not captured by GEOSS and There are other Societal Benefits not captured by GEOSS and IEOS that are important to meeting U.S. economic and national IEOS that are important to meeting U.S. economic and national security interestssecurity interests
– Land Use Planning and ManagementLand Use Planning and Management– Public Lands Conservation / Management Public Lands Conservation / Management – National Security OperationsNational Security Operations– Transportation Planning / ManagementTransportation Planning / Management
The Vitality and Competitiveness of the U.S. Aerospace Industry The Vitality and Competitiveness of the U.S. Aerospace Industry is also a Primary Considerationis also a Primary Consideration
THE NSTC STUDY PROCESSTHE NSTC STUDY PROCESSNeeds Analysis – What are the Societal Needs Analysis – What are the Societal Benefits ?Benefits ?
– Human Health and Well-BeingHuman Health and Well-Being– Ecological ForecastingEcological Forecasting– Water Resource ManagementWater Resource Management– Energy Resource ManagementEnergy Resource Management
– Property ValuationProperty Valuation– Flood Plain AssessmentFlood Plain Assessment– Foreign Agricultural AssessmentForeign Agricultural Assessment– Infrastructure Planning / ManagementInfrastructure Planning / Management
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Government-Government-Owned SatelliteOwned Satellite
Public-Private Public-Private PartnershipPartnership
International International PartnershipPartnership
Commercial Commercial ProgramProgram
A Combination of A Combination of these Optionsthese Options
THE NSTC STUDY PROCESSTHE NSTC STUDY PROCESSOptions for Meeting U.S. Land Imaging Options for Meeting U.S. Land Imaging NeedsNeeds
The U.S. Government owns and operates a U.S. satellite The U.S. Government owns and operates a U.S. satellite and maintains an archive and distribution capability.and maintains an archive and distribution capability.
The U.S. Government shares responsibility with the The U.S. Government shares responsibility with the private sector. Costs are shared in proportion to the private sector. Costs are shared in proportion to the value of the data.value of the data.
The U.S. Government shares capabilities and data with The U.S. Government shares capabilities and data with foreign partners.foreign partners.
The U.S. acquires all data from the private sector which The U.S. acquires all data from the private sector which retains rights to U.S. Land Imaging data.retains rights to U.S. Land Imaging data.
A primary solution may be complemented or A primary solution may be complemented or supplemented by a secondary solution.supplemented by a secondary solution.
1111Future of Land Imaging – Interagency Working Group
Single AgencySingle Agency
Multiple AgencyMultiple Agency
Integrated Integrated Program OfficeProgram Office
U.S. National U.S. National CommissionCommission
No U.S. No U.S. Government Government ManagerManager
THE NSTC STUDY PROCESSTHE NSTC STUDY PROCESSGovernance OptionsGovernance Options
A single U.S. Federal Agency is responsible for all A single U.S. Federal Agency is responsible for all aspects of Land Imaging.aspects of Land Imaging.
Two or more Federal Agencies are responsible for all Two or more Federal Agencies are responsible for all aspects of Land Imaging.aspects of Land Imaging.
An IPO reporting to multiple Federal Agencies is An IPO reporting to multiple Federal Agencies is responsible for all aspects of Land Imaging.responsible for all aspects of Land Imaging.
A U.S. National Commission manages the U.S. Land A U.S. National Commission manages the U.S. Land Imaging Program, assigning responsibility for Land Imaging Program, assigning responsibility for Land Imaging.Imaging.
The U.S. acquires all Land Imaging data commercially The U.S. acquires all Land Imaging data commercially or from international sources. No U.S. Federal Agency or from international sources. No U.S. Federal Agency is assigned responsibility.is assigned responsibility.
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USDA RepresentationUSDA Representation
WhatWhat
WhoWho
OSTP confirmationOSTP confirmation
www.landimaging.govwww.landimaging.gov
HOW YOU CAN BECOME INVOLVEDHOW YOU CAN BECOME INVOLVED
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Back-up SlidesBack-up Slides
Back-up SlidesBack-up Slides– OSTP Memorandum 12/23/05OSTP Memorandum 12/23/05
– Landsat 5 StatusLandsat 5 Status
– Landsat 7 StatusLandsat 7 Status
– Alternate Data Source Options Alternate Data Source Options
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Future of Land imaging
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Landsat 5 StatusLandsat 5 Status
Landsat 5 and its Thematic Mapper (TM) Landsat 5 and its Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor have been on orbit for 22 yearssensor have been on orbit for 22 years– No onboard data recorder – only U.S. (Sioux Falls, No onboard data recorder – only U.S. (Sioux Falls,
Australia, plus Alaska during fire season) and 8 Australia, plus Alaska during fire season) and 8 International Cooperators (ICs) with 10 ground stations International Cooperators (ICs) with 10 ground stations capture TM data capture TM data
– Solar array drive malfunctioned again in November 2005 Solar array drive malfunctioned again in November 2005 (side A 10 mos. earlier); operations changed to (side A 10 mos. earlier); operations changed to compensate for problemcompensate for problem
– 19 years of extended operations19 years of extended operations
– Fuel to be depleted in 2010Fuel to be depleted in 2010
– Satellite could fail anytime before 2010Satellite could fail anytime before 2010
– Backup amplifier problem March 16, 2006Backup amplifier problem March 16, 2006
– Full U.S. and IC operations resumed March 30, 2006Full U.S. and IC operations resumed March 30, 2006
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Landsat 7 StatusLandsat 7 Status
Landsat 7 and its Enhanced Thematic Mapper-Plus Landsat 7 and its Enhanced Thematic Mapper-Plus (ETM+) sensor have been on orbit for 7 years(ETM+) sensor have been on orbit for 7 years– ETM+ scan line corrector (SLC) failed May 2003; USGS developed ETM+ scan line corrector (SLC) failed May 2003; USGS developed
gap filler productsgap filler products– 1 of 3 Landsat 7 gyros turned off May 2004; USGS developing 1-1 of 3 Landsat 7 gyros turned off May 2004; USGS developing 1-
gyro flight capability (spacecraft maneuver capability now; not full gyro flight capability (spacecraft maneuver capability now; not full science operations) and moving towards “virtual” gyro operationsscience operations) and moving towards “virtual” gyro operations
– Full U.S. and global data coverage being collectedFull U.S. and global data coverage being collected– 2 years of extended mission operations 2 years of extended mission operations – Fuel to be depleted in 2010Fuel to be depleted in 2010– Satellite could fail anytime before 2010Satellite could fail anytime before 2010
USGS/NASA Data Gap Study Team formed to USGS/NASA Data Gap Study Team formed to investigate options and resources for Landsat-like investigate options and resources for Landsat-like global data setsglobal data sets
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Alternate Data Source OptionsAlternate Data Source Options
U.S.-Landsat/ETM+
U.S.-EO-1/ALI
Japan-ALOS/AVNIR-2
Germany-RapidEye/REIS
China/Brazil-CBERS/IRMSS
India-ResourceSat/LISS III
India-ResourceSat/AWiFS
England-DMC/MSDMC
China/Brazil-CBERS/WFI
Note: For purposes of scene size comparison only; not actual orbital paths or operational acquisitions. High-resolution scenes too small to illustrate here.
China/Brazil-CBERS/MUXCAN
Japan-Terra/ASTER France-SPOT/HRG
Satellite Sensor
Ground sampling distance
(m)Swath width
(km)
ALOS AVNIR-2 10 70CBERS-3,4 IRMSS 40/80 120CBERS-3,4 MUXCAN 20 120CBERS-3,4 WFI 73 866DMC MSDMC 32 600EO-1 ALI 30 37Landsat ETM+ 30 185Rapideye REIS 6.5 78ResourceSat LISS-III 23.5 141ResourceSat AWiFS 56 740Terra ASTER 15/30/90 60SPOT HRG 10/20 60