U.S.AU.S.A

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

• Know U.S. Army missions and function• Understand the U.S. Army

Organizational Components• Understand the difference between U.S.

Army Basic & Special branches• Know the Department of the Army

organization• Understand the organization of Tactical

Army Units

U.S. Army-BackgroundU.S. Army-Background

• Force Projection• Primarily based in the U.S. unlike cold

war Era• Relies on Navy and Air Force for

mobilization / Deployment

Missions & FunctionsMissions & Functions

• Primary mission: • Prepare Land Forces for War• To fight our country’s wars and Win!!

• Function• Organize, train, and equip forces for land

combat operations designed to defeat enemy land forces, seize and occupy land areas.

Secondary Missions & Secondary Missions & Functions Functions

• Provide air defense units to defend friendly forces

• Coordinate for joint amphibious operations with other services

• Conduct special operations

• Develop doctrines, procedures, and plans in conjunction with other services engaged in airborne operations

• Train and provide occupational forces and establishment of military government

Missions & FunctionsMissions & Functions

• Provide humanitarian relief during national disasters

• Assist civilian communities during disturbances

• Assist with civic action programs

U.S. Army Organizational U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)Components (Major)

• Basic Branches and Purposes• Infantry & Armor: Lead soldiers and

armored forces and employ combined arms teams in combat

• Field Artillery: Provide fire support in combat

• Air Defense Artillery: Employ air defense artillery weapons against enemy aircraft or missile attack

U.S. Army Organizational U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)Components (Major)

• Basic Branches and Purposes • Aviation: Participate in the entire spectrum

of the army mission (combat, combat support, combat service support, etc.)

• Special Forces: Accomplish missions of unconventional warfare, foreign international defense, direct action, strategic reconnaissance, and counterterrorism

U.S. Army Organizational U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)Components (Major)

• Basic Branches and Purposes• Corps of Engineers: Lead engineer soldiers

in combat and combat support operations and carry out construction management and facilities engineering in the field

• Signal Corps: Plan and manage communications systems from combat units to the nation’s defense communications system

U.S. Army Organizational U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)Components (Major)

• Basic Branches and Purposes• Military Police: Support combat operations

enforcement of laws and regulations, security of government property, criminal investigative operations, and the discharging of correctional functions

• Military Intelligence: Plan, conduct and supervise the collection , analysis, production, and dissemination of finished intelligence products

U.S. Army Organizational U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)Components (Major)

• Basic Branches and Purposes• Civil Affairs: Command, control and

coordinate civil military operations and civil administration

• Adjutant General: Manages administrative & personal needs

• Finance Corps: Responsible for management financial resources for Army

U.S. Army Organizational U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)Components (Major)

• Basic Branches and Purposes• Chemical Corps: Responsible for operations,

training, scientific development and acquisition in support of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) defense programs

• Ordnance Corps: Maintenance and life cycle management of armament, conventional and special munitions, test equipment, management of air defense and land combat missile systems and construction material

U.S. Army Organizational U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)Components (Major)

• Basic Branches and Purposes• Quartermaster Corps: Plan and direct all

phases of the acquisition cycle along with the preservation of supplies and equipment

U.S. Army Organizational U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)Components (Major)

• Special Branches• Judge Advocate General Corps (JAG)

• Chaplain Corps

• Medical Corps

• Dental Corps

• Veterinary Corps (Only service to have DVM’s)

• Nurse Corps

• Medical Specialist Corps

Department of the Army Department of the Army OrganizationOrganization

• Secretary of the Army• Appointed civilian

• Responsible for all affairs affecting the Department of the Army

• Staffs• Officer of the Chief of Staff:

• Principal military advisor to the Secretary of the Army• Planning, development and execution of the Army

programs

Organization of Organization of TacticalTactical Army UnitsArmy Units

Corps

Division

Brigade

Battalion

Company

Platoon

Squad

Organization of Tactical Organization of Tactical Army UnitsArmy Units

• Squads• Smallest component (4-10 individuals)

• Platoons• 2 or more squads• Led by 1st and 2nd LTs

• Companies• 2 or more platoons, usually of the same type• limited capacity for self support• Led by Captains

Organization of Tactical Organization of Tactical Army UnitsArmy Units

• Battalions• 2 or more company sized units and a

headquarters• Generally organized by branch with the

addition of administrative and logistical support

• Led by Lieutenant Colonels

Organization of Tactical Organization of Tactical Army UnitsArmy Units

• Brigades• 2 or more battalions• Can be part of a higher divisional structure

of separate units• Led by Colonels or Brigadier General

Organization of Tactical Organization of Tactical Army UnitsArmy Units

• Divisions• 8-11 maneuver battalions• 3-4 field artillery battalions and an entire range of

combat support and combat service support, equipment and personnel, infantry, armored, mechanized infantry airborne, air assault and light infantry units will be present

• Corps• Largest tactical unit• Plans and conducts major operations

Questions?Questions?

USAFUSAF

U.S. AIR FORCEU.S. AIR FORCE

OverviewOverview

• Know U.S. Air Force Missions• Understand U.S. Air Force

Organizational components

U.S. Air Force Missions U.S. Air Force Missions

• Strategic aerospace offense• Strategic aerospace defense • Counter air• Air interdiction• Close Air Support• Special Operations• Airlift• Aerospace surveillance and reconnaissance• Aerospace maritime operations

U.S. Air Force MissionsU.S. Air Force Missions• Strategic Aerospace Offense• Objective-neutralize or destroy an enemy’s

war-sustaining capabilities.• Attacks directed against an enemies key

military, political, and economic power bases.

U.S. Air Force MissionsU.S. Air Force Missions• Strategic Aerospace Defense• Integrate aerospace warning, control, and

intercept forces to detect, identify, and destroy enemy forces attacking our nation’s war sustaining capabilities.

• Provide strategic warning and assessment of strategic attack to the National Command Authority through an extensive network of warning sensors (on the earth and in space).

U.S. Air Force MissionsU.S. Air Force Missions• Counter Air• Objective is to gain control of the aerospace

environment- dog fighting• Offensive Counter Air (OCA)

• Seek out and neutralize/destroy enemy aerospace forces at a time and place of our choosing.

U.S. Air Force MissionsU.S. Air Force Missions• Counter Air (cont)• Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD)

• Neutralize, destroy, or temporarily degrade enemy air defensive systems in a specific area physical and/or electronic attack.

• Example: Jam/Harm

U.S. Air Force MissionsU.S. Air Force Missions• Counter Air (cont)• Defensive Counter Air (DCA)

• Detect, identify, intercept, and destroy enemy aerospace forces that are attempting to attack friendly forces or penetrate friendly airspace.

U.S. Air Force MissionsU.S. Air Force Missions• Air Interdiction (AI)• Delay, disrupt, divert or destroy an enemy’s

military potential before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly forces.

• Example: Bombing / Strike missions

U.S. Air Force MissionsU.S. Air Force Missions• Close Air Support (CAS)• Supports ground operations by attacking

hostile targets in close proximity to friendly ground forces.

• Requires detailed coordination and integration.

• Very fluid and dynamic

U.S. Air Force MissionsU.S. Air Force Missions• Special Operations• Assists strategic or tactical objectives

through the use of low visibility, covert or clandestine operations.

• Usually conducted in enemy controlled or politically sensitive areas• Example: U-2

U.S. Air Force MissionsU.S. Air Force Missions• Airlift • Deploys, employs, and sustains military

forces through transportation of men, equipment, and supplies in the air.

• Combat missions• Air drop• Extraction• Air landing of ground forces and supplies into

combat

U.S. Air Force MissionsU.S. Air Force Missions• Airlift (cont.)• Combat support missions

• Logistics support transportation of personnel and equipment

• Aerospace surveillance and reconnaissance• Intelligence gathering

• Ex.-RC-135

U.S. Air Force MissionsU.S. Air Force Missions• Aerospace maritime operations• Neutralize or destroy enemy naval forces

and to protect friendly naval forces and shipping. • Support role for the Navy

USAF Organizational USAF Organizational ComponentsComponents

• Flights• Squadrons• Groups• Wings• Numbered Air Forces• Major Commands

USCGUSCG

U.S. Coast Guard & U.S. Coast Guard & Merchant MarineMerchant Marine

U.S. Coast Guard & U.S. Coast Guard & Merchant MarineMerchant Marine

Overview

• USCG Role in DOD• USCG Missions• Merchant Marine Missions• Merchant Marine Organization

U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Coast Guard (Dual role)(Dual role)

• Department of Homeland Security- Normal peacetime role

• Department of Defense- When directed by the President, the Coast Guard will operate as a part of the Navy. • It will maintain its’ normal peacetime

responsibilities as well

U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Coast Guard MissionsMissions

• Enforce all maritime laws and treaties• Search and Rescue (SAR)• Enforce National Drug policy• Install, maintain, service and operate all

aids to navigation including: • Navigation lights• Channel Markers• Navigational sound-signaling devices

U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Coast Guard MissionsMissions

• Ice Breaking- Maintain clear passage in domestic waters for all commercial and military traffic

• Support scientific research projects in the Arctic and Antarctic

• Maintain readiness to fulfill any military function as directed

U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Coast Guard MissionsMissions

• Environmental cleanup control• Boating safety in domestic and inland lakes

and waterways• Provide military reconnaissance (in Wartime)• Safeguard ports and harbors against

destruction from sabotage• Investigate any maritime disaster in domestic

waters

U.S. Merchant MarineU.S. Merchant Marine• Role in DOD: Augment the overseas lifting

capabilities of the Navy and Air Force for personnel, equipment, and stores.

• Transports materials by U.S. and its allies.• In wartime, ships needed by DOD are obtained

from shipping reserves or contracted to the Military Sealift Command (MSC)

Merchant Marine Merchant Marine OrganizationOrganization

• Maritime Administration (MARAD)- Civilian organization under the Department of Transportation which regulates the U.S. shipping industry (Peacetime)

• Provides positive control over the nations shipping assets in order to ensure maximum efficiency in support of vital military and economic priorities. Known as Civil Direction of Shipping (CDS)

Questions?Questions?

HOMEWORKHOMEWORK

• Reading:• “Forward…from the Sea”