USA v. Keys: Defense Motions in Limine

8/20/2019 USA v. Keys: Defense Motions in Limine

1/28

> Jgt`ak gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk

Tgr Kekinjd, Vrg Bna S`ak

tgrFtgrkekinjd.agh

Tgr Kekinjd, V.A.

>0; Viyhgutb Qtrkkt, ;tb CiggrOrggeiyj, JP >>?6>

Tki= 2-


2/28

? Jgtàk gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk

>) `rrkikvnjt, spkauint`vk, njd prkmudà`ni igss juhokrs ujrkintkd tg tbk niiklkd Aghputkr>

Crnud njd Nousk Nat (’ACNN‘) abnrlks5?

?) nii igss juhokrs okanusk tbk lgvkrjhkjt bns jgt jgt̀ akd njy kxpkrt tbnt anj suostnjt̀ ntk1

tbkh54

1) `rrkikvnjt njd prkmudà`ni khnìs niiklkdiy skjt oy tbk dkckjdnjt tbnt nrk ujrkintkd tg tbk;

niiklkd ACNN dnhnlk njd tbnt nrk nisg `jndh`ssòik ujdkr Ckdkrni _uik gc Kv`dkjak3

464(o)5<

4) `rrkikvnjt, prkmudà`ni kv`dkjak gc n ?662 rkstrn`j`jl grdkr nln`jst tbk Dkckjdnjt5 njd2

;) abnt njd skrvkr igls sk`zkd crgh tbk intk Dkjj`s Gwkj Agii`js, nj uj`jdàtkd tb`rd pnrty,0

wbàb anjjgt ok nutbkjtàntkd.>6

>>

DNTKD= Qkptkhokr 0, ?6>; _kspkatcuiiy suoh`ttkd,>?

>1

>4

>;

>3

><

/s/Tgr Kekinjd

Tgr Kekinjd

Tgr Kekinjd, V.A.

>0; Viyhgutb Qtrkkt, ;tb Ciggr

Orggeiyj, JP >>?6>

tgrFtgrkekinjd.agh

(2)


3/28

Tgr Kekinjd, Vrg Bna S`aktgrFtgrkekinjd.aghTgr Kekinjd, V.A.

>0; Viyhgutb Qtrkkt, ;tb CiggrOrggeiyj, JP >>?6>Tki= 2-


4/28

`` Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk

TNOIK GC AGJTKJTQ>

TNOIK GC N[TBG_@TKQ........................................................................................................ ```?@JT_GD[AT@GJ ........................................................................................................................ >1ONAEL_G[JD........................................................................................................................... >4IKLNI QTNJDN_D ................................................................................................................... ?;N_L[HKJT................................................................................................................................. 43

@. TBK AG[_T QBG[ID KRAI[DK TBK LGSK_JHKJT‐Q IGQQ J[HOK_Q .. 4<N. Tbk igss juhokrs nrk ̀ rrkikvnjt, spkauint`vk, njd ujduiy prkmud`à ni .................... 42O. Tbk igss juhokrs nrk ̀ hpkrh`ss`oik gp`j`gj kv`dkjak ............................................. 30

@@. TBK AG[_T QBG[ID KRAI[DK TBK ’ANJAK_HNJ KHN@IQ‘ OKAN[QK>6TBKP N_K @__KIKSNJT NJD V_KM[D@ANI................................................................ 0>>@@@. TBK AG[_T QBG[ID KRAI[DK NJP _KCK_KJAK TG N V_@G_>?

_KQT_N@J@JL G_DK_ NQ V_KM[D@A@NI NJD @__KIKSNJT............................... >6>1@S. @_A IGL C@IKQ GOTN@JKD C_GH DKJJ@Q G\KJ AGII@JQ ANJJGT OK>4N[TBKJT@ANTKD NJD N_K TBK_KCG_K @JNDH@QQ@OIK ................................... >?>;

AGJAI[Q@GJ ........................................................................................................................... >1>3


5/28

``` Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk

TNOIK GC N[TBG_@TKQ>

Ansks? NtVna, @ja. v. Npt`tudk Qgiut`gjs, @ja., >6) ........................ 4, 01 OB_NA, IIA v. _klkjay Anr _kjtnis, IIA , ?6>; \I 1;3>3 (A.D. Ani. Mujk 4, ?6>;) .......... ;4 Orgd`t v. Anorn, 1;6 C.1d 02; (0tb A`r.?661) ................................................................................ ?;A & K Qkrv`aks, @ja. v. Nsbinjd @ja., ;10 C. Qupp. ?d 1>3 (D.D.A. ?662) .................................... 13Cnrhkrs @js. Kxab. v. Qtkkik @js. Nlkjay, @ja ., ?6>1 \I 126 Jkw Qbgw Qtud`gs IIA v. Jkkdik, ?6>4 \I ?022? (A.D. Ani. Mujk 16, ?6>4)......................... ;>>Gid Ab`kc v. [.Q., ;>0 [.Q. > (0tb A`r. >004), akrt dkj`kd ;>1 [.Q. >6?0 (>004)............................. 1><[.Q. v. \kstorgge , >?; C.1d 003 (002[.Q. v. Oinae , 114 (0tb A`r. >02;)................................................................................. >?>0[.Q. v. Bndiky, 0>2 C.?d 242 (0tb A`r. >006) ............................................................................... >6?6[.Q. v. Bkiikr, ;;> C.1d >>62 (0tb A`r. ?660)................................................................................. 1?>[.Q. v. Hkr`jg-Onidkrrnhn, >43 C.1d 002)........................................................................ >6??[.Q. v. _nh`rkz-_goiks, 123 C.1d >?14 (0tb A`r. ?664) ................................................................ >>?1[.Q. v. Tnje , ?66 C.1d 3?< (0tb A`r. ?666).................................................................................... >??4[.Q. v. \._. Lrnak, ;?3 C.1d 400 (0tb A`r. ?662).......................................................................... 2?;[.Q. v. Pnl ,̀ ?6>1 \I >6;1).......................................................... 2?3

Qtntutks?<>2 [.Q.A. § >616......................................................................................................................... ?, 4?2>2 [.Q.A. § 1............................................................................................................................... ??0

_uiks16Ckd. _. Ar`h. V. >3 ......................................................................................................................... Ckd. _. Kv`d. 46> ............................................................................................................................ 11?Ckd. _. Kv`d. 461 ...................................................................................................................... 1, >611Ckd. _. Kv`d. 464 .......................................................................................................................... >614Ckd. _. Kv`d. ............................................................................................................................ 31;Ckd. _. Kv`d.


6/28

> Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk

@JT_GD[AT@GJ>

Dkckjdnjt Hnttbkw Ekys, tbrgulb b`s prg ogjg agujski, hgvks tg kxaiudk tbk cgiigw`jl?

kv`dkjak `t kxpkats tbk lgvkrjhkjt tg `jtrgduak nt tr`ni= >) `rrkikvnjt, spkauint`vk, njd prkmudà`ni1

igss juhokrs ujrkintkd tg tbk niiklkd Aghputkr Crnud njd Nousk Nat (’ACNN‘) abnrlks5 ?) nii4

igss juhokrs okanusk tbk lgvkrjhkjt bns jgt jgtàkd njy kxpkrt tbnt anj suostnjt`ntk tbkh5 1);

`rrkikvnjt njd prkmudà`ni khnìs niiklkdiy skjt oy tbk dkckjdnjt tbnt nrk ujrkintkd tg tbk niiklkd3

ACNN dnhnlk njd tbnt nrk nisg ̀ jndh`ssòik ujdkr Ckdkrni _uik gc Kv`dkjak 464(o)5 4)<

`rrkikvnjt, prkmudà`ni kv`dkjak gc n ?662 rkstrn`j`jl grdkr nln`jst tbk Dkckjdnjt5 njd ;) abnt njd2

skrvkr igls sk`zkd crgh tbk intk Dkjj`s Gwkj Agii`js, nj uj`jdàtkd tb`rd pnrty, wbàb anjjgt ok0

nutbkjtàntkd.>6

ONAEL_G[JD>>

Tbk abnrlks `j tb`s ansk stkh crgh kd`ts tg gjk pnrnlrnpb gc n stgry gj tbk Igs Njlkiks>?

T`hks wkos`tk gj Dkakhokr >4, ?6>6. Tbnt dny, us`jl tbk Igs Njlkiks T`hks/Tròujk>1

Aghpnjy‐s agjtkjt hnjnlkhkjt systkh (’AHQ‘), tbk uskr ’jlnra`n‘ niiklkdiy nitkrkd n>4

pnrnlrnpb gc n int`hks.agh stgry. Tbk nrtàik‐s t`tik njd oyi`jk gr`l`jniiy nppknrkd ns cgiigws=>;

Vrkssurk ouìds ̀ j Bgusk tg pnss tnx-aut pnaenlk>3

Bgusk Dkhgarntà ikndkr Qtkjy Bgykr skks ‒vkry lggd tb`jls‐ `j tbk tnx -><aut dkni, wbàb hnjy rkprkskjtnt`vks gppgsk. Out w`tb tbk oìi skt tg aiknr>2tbk Qkjntk, rkiuatnjt Bgusk Dkhgarnts nrk ckki`jl tbk bknt tg pnss `t.>0

Oy I`sn Hnsanrg, Tròujk \nsb`jltgj Ourknu>?6

Nctkr tbk h`jgr kd`ts oy jlnra`n, tbk nrtàik‐s t`tik njd oyi`jk niiklkdiy rknd=?>

> Tbk gr`l`jni nrtàik `s stìi nvnìnoik gj tbk Igs Njlkiks T`hks wkos`tk, skk I`sn Hnsanrg, Vrkssurk ouìds `j bgusktg pnss tnx-aut pnaenlk, bttp=//nrtàiks.int`hks.agh/?6>6/dka/>4/jkws/in-pj-bgykr-tnx-vgtk-?6>6>?>; (instv`s`tkd Qkpt. 0, ?6>;).


7/28

? Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk

Vrkssurk ouìds `j Bgusk tg kikat AB@VVP >11

Bgusk Dkhgarntà ikndkr Qtkjy Bgykr skks ‒vkry lggd tb`jls‐ `j tbk dkni?aut wbàb wìi skk uokr se`d Ab`ppy >11< tnek b`s r`lbtcui pinak, ns bknd gc 1

tbk Qkjntk, rkiuatnjt Bgusk Dkhgarnts tgid tg Q[AE @T [V.4Oy AB@VVPQ JG > CNJ, Tròujk \nsb`jltgj Ourknu?;

3Tbk wkos`tk ndh`j`strntgrs rkstgrkd tbk gr`l`jni `j ikss tbnj nj bgur. Cgr tbk cgrklg`jl, Hr. Ekys<

bns okkj abnrlkd w`tb gjk agujt gc agjsp`rnay tg v`gintk tbk Aghputkr Crnud njd Nousk Nat, ̀ j2

v`gint`gj gc >2 [.Q.A. §§ 1 njd >616(n)(;)(N)5 gjk agujt gc ejgw`jliy trnjsh`tt`jl n agdk0

w`tb tbk `jtkjt tg anusk dnhnlk tg n prgtkatkd aghputkr `j v`gint`gj gc >2 [.Q.A. §>6

>616(n)(;)(N)5 njd gjk agujt gc nttkhpt tg trnjsh`t n agdk w`tb tbk `jtkjt tg anusk dnhnlk tg n>>

prgtkatkd aghputkr ̀ j v`gint`gj gc >2 [.Q.A. § ? njd >616(n)(;)(N). Cgr tb`s bk cnaks n>?

hnx`huh skjtkjak gc ?; yknrs `j mnì, $1

ar`h`jni cgrck`turk. [.Q. v. Ekys, Qupkrskd`jl @jdàthkjt, ?=>1-A_-6662? (Dka. 4, ?6>4) (KAC #>4

44).>;

IKLNI QTNJDN_D>3

’Nitbgulb tbk Ckdkrni _uiks gc Kv`dkjak dg jgt kxpià`tiy nutbgr`zk `j i`h`jk rui`jls, tbk><

prnatàk bns dkvkigpkd pursunjt tg tbk d`stràt agurt's ̀ jbkrkjt nutbgr`ty tg hnjnlk tbk agursk gc >2

tr`nis.‘ Iuak v. [.Q., 430 [.Q. 12, 46 j. 4, (>024). Tbk J`jtb A`rau`t bns kxpiǹ jkd tbnt hgt`gjs>0

`j i`h`jk ’niigw pnrt`ks tg rksgivk kv`dkjt`nry d`sputks nbknd gc tr`ni, w`tbgut c`rst bnv`jl tg?6

prkskjt pgtkjt`niiy prkmudà`ni kv`dkjak `j crgjt gc n mury.‘ Orgd`t v. Anorn, 1;6 C.1d 02;, >664 ‑?>

6; (0tb A`r.?661) (a`tnt`gjs gh`ttkd). Hgt`gjs `j i`h`jk nrk ’nj `hpgrtnjt tggi nvnìnoik tg tbk??

tr`ni mudlk tg kjsurk tbk kxpkd`t`gus njd kvkjbnjdkd hnjnlkhkjt gc tbk tr`ni prgakkd`jls.‘?1

Mgjnssgj v. Iutbkrnj Abìd & Cnhìy Qkrvàks, >>; C.1d 413, 446 (001-A_-6662? (Dka. 4, ?6>4) (KAC # 44 nt p. 4)


8/28

1 Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk

’UNX hgt`gj `j i`h`jk sbguid jgt ok uskd tg rksgivk cnatuni d`sputks gr wk`lb kv`dkjak,‘>

A & K Qkrvàks, @ja. v. Nsbinjd @ja., ;10 C. Qupp. ?d 1>3, 1?1 (D.D.A. ?662), okanusk tbnt `s tbk?

prgv`jak gc tbk mury. Qkk _kkvks v. Qnjdkrsgj Viuho`jl Vrgduats, ;16 [.Q. >11, >;6 (?666).1

_ntbkr tbk hgt`gj ̀ j i`h`jk prgakss sbguid ok uskd ’tg i`h`t `j ndvnjak tkst`hgjy gr kv`dkjak `j4

n pnrtàuinr nrkn.‘ [.Q. v. Bkiikr, ;;> C.1d >>62, >>>> (0tb A`r. ?660).;

Tbk Ckdkrni _uiks gc Kv`dkjak rkqu`rk tbnt cgr njy kv`dkjak tg ok ndh`ttkd `t hust ok3

’rkikvnjt.‘ Ckd. _. Kv̀ d. 46>. Kv`dkjak ̀ s `rrkikvnjt ̀ c tbkrk ̀ s ’jg agjjkat`gj oktwkkj tbk<

kv`dkjak njd tbk ̀ ssuks gc tbk ansk gr hntkr`ni cnats nt ̀ ssuk.‘ [.Q. v. \kstorgge , >?; C.1d 003,2

>662 (006

Tbk _uik 461 wk`lb`jl prgakss- oninja`jl tbk prgont`vk vniuk gc tbk prgcckrkd kv`dkjak nln`jst>>

`ts pgtkjt`ni cgr ujcn`r prkmudàk gr agjcus`gj gc `ssuks- `s pr`hnrìy cgr tbk d`stràt agurt tg>?

pkrcgrh. [.Q. v. Inytgj, 02;)5 [.Q. v. _`jagj, ?2 C.1d 0?>, 0?; (0tb>1

A`r. >004), akrt dkj`kd ;>1 [.Q. >6?0 (>004).>4

Tbk 0tb A`rau`t `s kspka`niiy anut`gus nogut ndh`tt`jl pgtkjt`niiy `jcinhhntgry kv`dkjak>;

w`tb i`ttik tg jg prgont`vk vniuk. Qkk [.Q. v. Kiì s, >4< C.1d >>1>, >>13 (0tb A`r. >002) (rkvkrs`jl>3

agjvàt`gj gc dkckjdnjt abnrlkd w`tb rkak`v`jl njd agjakni`jl stgikj kxpigs`vks okanusk tbk><

`hprgpkr ndh`ss`gj gc kv`dkjak gc tbk dkstruat`vk anpnoì`ty gc tbk stgikj kxpigs`vks.)5 [.Q. v.>2

Oinjd , 062 C.?d 4, 4006), (bgid`jl dktnìs gc hurdkr `jndh`ssòik)5 [.Q. v.>0

Inytgj, 02;) (rkvkrs`jl agjvàt`gj okanusk gc ujduiy prkmud̀ a`ni?6

tnpk rkagrd`jls gc huit`pik suà`dks).?>


9/28


N_L[HKJT>

@. TBK AG[_T QBG[ID KRAI[DK TBK LGSK_JHKJT‐Q?IGQQ J[HOK_Q1

N. TBK IGQQ J[HOK_Q N_K @__KIKSNJT, QVKA[INT@SK, NJD [JD[IP4V_KM[D@A@NI;

Tbk lgvkrjhkjt wìi ièkiy skke tg usk n dgauhkjt prgduakd `j d`sagvkry, gr skke tg3

`jtrgduak tkst`hgjy rkintkd tg tbk ̀ jcgrhnt`gj ̀ j ̀ t, kjt`tikd ’Sniunt`gj gj t`hk/d`srupt`gj gc <

ous`jkss‘ (Nttnabkd ns Kxbò t̀ N) tg kstnoi`sb ’igss‘ ujdkr tbk ACNN. Tbk Agurt sbguid onr2

`jtrgduat`gj gc tb`s dgauhkjt njd njy tkst`hgjy rkintkd tg ̀ ts agjtkjts. N s`lj c̀ànjt pgrt`gj gc 0

tbk kjtr̀ ks `j tb̀ s dgauhkjt nrk antklgràniiy ̀ hpkrh`ssòik tg sbgw igss ujdkr tbk ACNN. Ns n>6

rksuit, tbksk juhokrs sbguid ok kxaiudkd ns tbky wìi gjiy skrvk tg agjcusk njd prkmudàk nj>>

naaurntk vniunt`gj gc njy niiklkd igss anuskd oy tbk niiklkd ACNN dnhnlk.>?

Tbk ACNN dkc`jks ’dnhnlk‘ ns ’njy `hpn`rhkjt tg tbk `jtklr`ty gr nvnìnoì`ty gc dntn,>1

n prglrnh, n systkh, gr `jcgrhnt`gj.‘ >2 [.Q.A. § >616(k)(2) (khpbns`s nddkd). Tbk stntutk>4

dkc`jks ’igss‘ ns ’njy rknsgjnoik agst tg njy vàt`h, `jaiud`jl tbk agst gc rkspgjd`jl tg nj>;

gcckjsk, agjduat`jl n dnhnlk nssksshkjt, njd rkstgr`jl tbk dntn, prglrnh, systkh, gr>3

`jcgrhnt`gj tg ̀ ts agjd`t`gj pr`gr tg tbk gcckjsk, njd njy rkvkjuk igst, agst ̀ jaurrkd, gr gtbkr><

agjskqukjt`ni dnhnlks `jaurrkd okanusk gc `jtkrrupt`gj gc skrvàk.‘ >2 [.Q.A. § >616(k)(>>)>2

(khpbns`s nddkd). Tbus, dnhnlk ujdkr tbk ACNN `s jgt tbk snhk ns igss ujdkr tbk ACNN.>0

Tg niiklk igss ujdkr tbk ACNN ’pin`jt`ccs hust `dkjt`cy `hpn`rhkjt gc gr dnhnlk tg tbk?6

aghputkr systkh tbnt wns naaksskd w`tbgut nutbgr`znt`gj … agsts jgt rkintkd tg aghputkr?>

`hpn`rhkjt gr aghputkr dnhnlks nrk jgt aghpkjsnoik ujdkr tbk ACNN.‘ Cnrhkrs @js. Kxab. v.??

Qtkkik @js. Nlkjay, @ja., Jg. ?=>1-AS-661 \I 12-?? (K.D. Ani. Muiy?1

?;, ?6>1)5 skk nisg NtVna, @ja. v. Npt̀ tudk Qgiut`gjs, @ja., >>24 (K.D. Ani.?4

?6>6) (c`jd`jl aiknr agjlrkss`gjni `jtkjt tg i`h`t igss tg ’tbk trnd`t`gjni aghputkr ‐bnaekr‒?;


10/28

; Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk

sakjnr`g—wbkrk tbk bnaekr dkiktks ̀ jcgrhnt`gj, ̀ jckats aghputkrs, gr arnsbks jktwgres.‘)5 Jkw>

Qbgw Qtud`gs IIA v. Jkkdik, Jg. ?=>4-AS-6>?;6-ANQ, ?6>4 \I ?022?, nt *< (A.D. Ani.?

Mujk 16, ?6>4) (’Quoskqukjt kagjghà dnhnlk ujrkintkd tg tbk aghputkr ̀ tskic dgks jgt1

agjst`tutk igss.‘)5 Qpr`jt Qgiut`gjs @ja. v. Vna. Akiiupnlk @ja., Jg. ?=>1-AS-644

\I 1;>??, nt *3 (A.D. Ani. Muiy ?>, ?6>4) (’ous`jkss igss . . . `s jgt n aglj`znoik igss ujdkr;

tbk ACNN.‘).3

Tbk agurt `j Cnrhkrs @js. Kxab. bkid `jndh`ssòik ’bnrh `j tbk cgrh gc igst prkskjt njd<

cuturk ous`jkss rkvkjuk‘ `j n aniauint̀ gj gc ACNN igss wbkrk tbk bnrh wns jgt d`rkatiy rkintkd2

tg k`tbkr `jtkrrupt`gj gr dnhnlk tg n aghputkr systkh. Jg. ?=>1-AS-661 \I0

12-?? (K.D. Ani. Muiy ?;, ?6>1). Ndd`t`gjniiy, tbk agurt ̀ j OB_NA, IIA v.>6

_klkjay Anr _kjtnis, IIA , Jg. AS >;-23;-LBE HNJR, ?6>; \I 1;3>3, nt *1 (A.D. Ani.>>

Mujk 4, ?6>;) kxaiudkd ous`jkss igssks tbnt rksuitkd crgh tbkct gc ̀ jcgrhnt`gj tbnt niigwkd tbk>?

dkckjdnjt tg pgnab pin`jt`cc‐s austghkrs. Tbk OB_NA agurt rknsgjkd tbnt tbk igst rkvkjuk wns>1

’jgt tbk sgrt gc `jmury cgr wbàb tbk ACNN prgv`dks n rkhkdy‘ ns `t wns jgt anuskd oy ’nj>4

`jtkrrupt`gj gc skrvàk‘ out gjiy tbk h`susk gr h`snpprgpr`nt`gj gc `jcgrhnt`gj. Qkk `d. Tbus,>;

ujdkr tbk ACNN, tbk vnst hnmgr`ty, `c jgt nii, gc tbk lgvkrjhkjt‐s niiklkd igss `s jgt aglj`znoik.>3

Nt h`j`huh, tbk cgiigw`jl kjtr̀ ks ̀ j Kxbò`t N nrk ujrkintkd tg njy `jtkrrupt`gj gc gr><

dnhnlk tg tbk Tròujk Aghpnjy‐s (tbk pnrkjt aghpnjy gc tbk Igs Njlkiks T`hks) aghputkr>2

systkhs, njd rkckr gjiy tg ous`jkss igssks tbnt gaaurrkd skpnrntkiy crgh njy niiklkd ACNN>0

dnhnlk, njd tbkrkcgrk njy tkst`hgjy gr kv`dkjak rkintkd tg tbkh sbguid ok kxaiudkd=?6

?>• C`jnja`ni ̀ hpnat gc n tkikv`s`gj sbgw rnt`jl dkai`jk (jgt abnrlkd ̀ j tbk @jdàthkjt),??

kst`hntk nt $460,3>?.66?1

• C`jnja`ni `hpnat gc dntnonsk igss (jgt abnrlkd `j tbk @jdàthkjt), aurrkjt rkvkjuks igss?4kst`hntkd nt $?;,666 njd cgrwnrd rkvkjuks kst`hntkd nt $?;6,666?;


11/28


• Lrkkji`jes Dntnonsk igss (jgt abnrlkd `j tbk @jdàthkjt), `Vnd Agjtkst, kst`hntkd nt>$>;,666?

• Lrkkji`jes Dntnonsk igss (jgt abnrlkd ̀ j tbk @jdàthkjt), ’Dntnonsk `hpnat‘ kst`hntkd nt1

$?66,6664;Tgtni igss jgt aglj`znoik ujdkr tbk ACNN= $200,3>?3

<Tbksk purpgrtkd igssks nrk jgt gjiy `rrkikvnjt tg k`tbkr ’igss‘ gr ’dnhnlk‘ ns dkc`jkd oy2

tbk ACNN, tbky nisg rkjdkr tbk dgauhkjt b`lbiy prkmudà`ni. Tbky agjst`tutk 03 pkrakjt gc tbk0

tgtni igss c`lurks sgulbt tg ok `jtrgduakd oy tbk lgvkrjhkjt. Ns tbksk kagjghà igss kjtr̀ ks>6

aghpr`sk tbk gvkrwbkih`jl hnmgr`ty gc tbk lgvkrjhkjt‐s ain`hkd igssks, tbk`r ndh`ss`gj wguid>>

ujnvg`dnoiy d`strnat, agjcusk, njd prkmudàk njy naaurntk dktkrh`jnt`gj gc k`tbkr igss gr dnhnlk>?

ns dkc`jkd oy tbk ACNN. Ns n rksuit, tbky nt h`j`huh hust ok kxaiudkd.>1

O. TBK IGQQ J[HOK_Q N_K @HVK_H@QQ@OIK GV@J@GJ KS@DKJAK>4Ndd t̀`gjniiy, nii tbk igss c`lurks agjtn`jkd `j Kxbò`t N, ns wkii ns nii tbk igss juhokrs>;

tbnt tbk lgvkrjhkjt `s lg`jl tg niiklk `j tb`s ansk, rkqu`rk nj gp`j`gj ’onskd gj sa`kjt`cà,>3

tkabjàni, gr gtbkr spka`ni`zkd ejgwikdlk w`tb`j tbk sagpk gc UCkd. _. Kv`d.X <

`jtrgduat`gj wguid rkqù rk c`jnja`ni njd stnt`st̀ ani kxpkrt gr kxpkrts. Qkk Ckd. _. Kv`d. . Tbk>2

lgvkrjhkjt bns jgtàkd jg suab kxpkrt tg tbk dkckjsk. Tg `jtrgduak tbk igss kst`hntks ns iny>0

w`tjkss tkst`hgjy tbky hust ok ’rnt`gjniiy onskd gj tbk w`tjkss‐s pkrakpt`gj.‘ Ckd. _. Kv`d. .?6

Jk`tbkr tbk igssks agjtǹ jkd `j Kxbò t̀ N jgr njy gc tbk lgvkrjhkjt‐s gtbkr niiklkd igssks anj?>

pgssòiy ok suostnjt`ntkd oy njy gc tbk lgvkrjhkjt‐s iny w`tjkssks ns ACNN igssks.??

Cgr kxnhpik, gj pnlk ? gc Kxbò t̀ N, tbk lgvkrjhkjt niiklks tbnt tbk ACNN v`gint̀ gjs?1

anuskd n .> dkai`jk1 `j hgrj`jl jkws t.v. sbgw rnt`jls4, n .4 dkai`jk `j knriy jkws rnt`jls, njd n?4

1 @t `s ujaiknr crgh tbk dgauhkjt wbnt tbksk dka`hni juhokrs rkprkskjt. Tbky nppknr tg ok pkrakjtnlks (k.l. ’.4‘

wguid rkprkskjt 6.4%), out tbk dgauhkjt dgks jgt ainr`cy tbkh gr prgv`dk njy agjtkxt cgr bgw tbky wkrkaniauintkd gr arkntkd.

4 Tbk dgauhkjt rkckrs tg ’Jkws rnt`jl N?;;4‘ `j d`sauss`jl tbk dka`hni `jarknsks njd dkarknsks. Gj `jcgrhnt`gj

njd oki`kc, N?;-;4 rkckrs tg n J`kiskj tkikv`s`gj rnt`jl cgr v`kwkrs nlkd ?; tg ;4.


12/28

< Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk

.? `jarknsk `j intk jkws rnt`jls, sghkbgw kquni`jl nj kst`hntkd ous`jkss igss tgtnì jl $460,3>?.;>

@t dkc`ks rknsgj tbnt njy iny w`tjkss aguid d`sakrj tbk `hpnat tbk niiklkd ACNN dnhnlk bnd gj n?

hgrj`jl t.v. jkws sbgw rnt`jls tg n crnat`gj gc n pkrakjtnlk pg̀ jt, agrrkat`jl cgr nii gtbkr1

cnatgrs, onskd gj tbk`r gwj pkrakpt`gj njd w`tbgut tbk n`d gc sa`kjt`cà, tkabjàni, gr gtbkr4

spka`ni`zkd ejgwikdlk njd njniys`s. Hgrkgvkr, tb`s ansk ̀ s nogut tbk niiklkd ujnutbgr`zkd naakss;

tg tbk Igs Njlkiks T`hks wkos`tk agjtkjt hnjnlkhkjt systkh njd tbk abnjl`jl gc n ckw wgrds3

`j gjk pnrnlrnpb gj tbk I.N. T`hks s`tk cgr rgulbiy bnic nj bgur. @t bns jgtb`jl tg dg w`tb n<

Qnarnhkjtg tkikv̀ s`gj jkws sbgw.2

Tg suoh`t tb`s gp`j`gj kv`dkjak, tbk lgvkrjhkjt wguid jkkd nj kxpkrt w`tjkss. [pgj0

rkqukst gc n dkckjdnjt, tbk lgvkrjhkjt hust prgv`dk ’n wr`ttkj suhhnry gc njy tkst`hgjy tbnt>6

tbk lgvkrjhkjt `jtkjds tg usk ujdkr _uiks 3 (n)(L). Tbk dkckjsk prgv`dkd suab n rkqukst>?

tg tbk lgvkrjhkjt gj Npr̀ i ??, ?6>1. (Kxbò`t O, nt p. 1.) Tbk dkckjsk bns ykt tg rkak`vk njy>1

jgtàk gr gtbkr `jcgrhnt`gj rklnrd`jl kxpkrts wbg nrk quni`c`kd tg suostnjt`ntk tbk lgvkrjhkjt‐s>4

niiklkd igss c`lurks, gr tbk hktbgds njd kxpkrt`sk uskd tg aniauintk tbgsk c`lurks.>;

Nitbgulb Ckd. _. gc Ar`h. V. >3 dgks jgt kxpià`tiy stntk n t`hk tbk lgvkrjhkjt hust>3

d`saigsk ̀ j rkspgjsk tg n rkqukst, tbk Ndv`sgry Aghh`ttkk Jgtks stntk ’`t `s kxpkatkd tbnt tbk><

pnrt`ks wìi hnek tbk`r rkquksts njd d`saigsurks `j n t`hkiy cnsb`gj.‘ Ckd. _. Ar`h. V. >3,>2

ndv`sgry aghh`ttkk‐s jgtk. Tbk Dkckjsk suoh t̀tkd `ts rkqukst gvkr ? yknrs nlg. Nt tbk t`hk gc >0

cì`jl tb`s hgt`gj `j ì h`jk, gjiy >0 dnys okcgrk tr`ni tbk lgvkrjhkjt bns jgt prgv`dkd jgtàk gc ?6

; Nssuh`jl, ns tbk nogvk cggtjgtk dgks, tbnt tbksk dka`hni juhokrs nrk pkrakjtnlks gc hnrekt rkvkjuk, tbkdgauhkjt‐s kst`hntkd ous`jkss igss tgtni s`hpiy dgks jgt ndd up. @t purpgrts nj kst`hntkd ous`jkss igss gc $460,3>?.66. Bgwkvkr, n 6.1% igss, dkr`vkd crgh n 6.;% tgtni hgrj`jl njd knriy jkws dkarknsk gccskt oy n6.?% intk jkws `jarknsk, wguid ok $406,01;.66. Tbk ons`s cgr tbk`r igss juhokrs inaes cgujdnt`gj njd n inyw`tjkss anjjgt hknj`jlcuiiy `jtkrprkt tbksk kst`hntkd igss ain`hs.


13/28


njy kxpkrt tbnt anj tkst`cy tg tbk igss juhokrs kvkj `c tbky wkrk rkikvnjt. Tbkrkcgrk, tbk igss>

juhokrs sbguid ok kxaiudkd ̀ j tbk`r kjt`rkty.?

Tbk agurt `j [.Q. v. Pnl ,̀ Jg. A_->?-6421 KHA, ?6>1 \I >6;3 (J.D. Ani.1

Gat. >1) kxaiudkd tbk `jtrgduat`gj gc jkw kxpkrts wbkrk dkckjdnjts hndk tbk`r rkqukst gjk4

yknr okcgrk tr`ni njd tbk lgvkrjhkjt d`saigskd `jcgrhnt`gj nogut `ts kxpkrt w`tjkss ikss tbnj gjk;

hgjtb okcgrk tr`ni. Tbk agurt `j Pnl` wns ujpkrsundkd oy tbk lgvkrjhkjt‐s must`cànt`gj cgr tbk`r3

cnìurk, tbnt tbky ’oki`kvkd tbk w`tjkssks `j qukst`gj aguid tkst`cy ns iny w`tjkssksU,X‘ c`jd`jl tbnt<

’tbk dkckjsk bns okkj prkmudàkd ̀ j ̀ ts noì`ty tg kvniuntk tbk prgcckrkd kxpkrt tkst`hgjy njd, ̀ c 2

jkakssnry, skaurk rkouttni w`tjkssks tg tkst`cy ns tg tbk vniuk gc n pgtkjt`niiy d`vkrsk skt gc 0

`tkhs.‘ Qkk `d . Tbk kxaius`gj gc ujd`saigskd kxpkrt w`tjkssks `s tbk npprgpr`ntk rkhkdy cgr>6

v`gint`gj gc _uik >3‐s d`saigsurk rkqu`rkhkjts. Qkk [.Q. v. \._. Lrnak, ;?3 C.1d 400, ;>4->;>>

(0tb A`r. ?662) (upbgid`jl kxaius`gj gc suab kv`dkjak kvkj wbkrk tbk cnìurk tg prgv`dk jgtàk gc >?

nj kxpkrt w`tjkss wns jk`tbkr ’wìicui‘ jgr ’hgt`vntkd oy n dks`rk tg gotn`j n tnatàni ndvnjtnlk).>1

Tbk lgvkrjhkjt bns cnìkd tg t`hkiy d`saigsk njy `jcgrhnt`gj rklnrd`jl prgpgskd kxpkrt>4

w`tjkssks wbg aguid suostnjt`ntk tbk`r b`lbiy spkauint`vk, jgj-ACNN, igss c`lurks. Ns n rksuit, ̀ t>;

wguid ok `hprgpkr njd prkmudà`ni tg tbk naauskd‐s cujdnhkjtni r`lbt tg prkskjt w`tjkssks `j b`s>3

gwj dkckjsk tg niigw tbk lgvkrjhkjt tg `jtrgduak n jkw kxpkrt w`tjkss w`tb dnys rkhn`j`jl><

okcgrk tr`ni. Naagrd`jliy, njy igss c`lurks rkqu`r`jl kxpkrt tkst`hgjy sbguid jgt ok ndh`ttkd `jtg>2

kv`dkjak ns tbky inae tbk jkakssnry cgujdnt`gj.>0


14/28


@@. TBK AG[_T QBG[ID KRAI[DK TBK ’ANJAK_HNJ>KHN@IQ‘ OKAN[QK TBKP N_K @__KIKSNJT NJD?V_KM[D@ANI1

Tbk ’Anjakrhnj khnìs‘ rkckr tg n skr`ks gc khǹ is skjt crgh tbk nddrkssks4

anjakrhnj4600Fynbgg.ag.ue, wnitkrse`jjkrFynbgg.ag.ue, njd cgxhuidkr4600Fynbgg.ag.ue,,;

njd pgssòiy gtbkrs, tg Cgx46, n Qnarnhkjtg tkikv`s`gj stnt`gj, khpigykk Ornjdgj Hkrakr‐s3

khnì nddrkss (ornjdgj.hkrakrFcgx46.agh), ns wkii ns tg khǹ i nddrkssks rkl`stkrkd cgr<

Cgx46‐s `Vnd l`vknwny agjtkst `j Dkakhokr gc ?6>6. Tbksk khnìs nrk ̀ rrkikvnjt tg tbk prkskjt2

ansk, b`lbiy prkmudà`ni, njd, tg tbk kxtkjt tbky nrk rkintkd gr prgont`vk `j njy wny, ikss0

prkmudà`ni nitkrjnt`vk kv`dkjak kx`sts tg sbgw tbk snhk skt gc cnats. Tbk Anjakrhnj khn ìs wkrk>6

skjt, pr̀ gr tg tbk ACNN nats niiklkd ̀ j tbk @jdàthkjt, tg nddrkssks rkl`stkrkd cgr n Cgx46 `Vnd>>

l`vknwny njd wnrjkd tbk rkà p`kjts tbnt tbk agjtkst wns n ’sanh.‘ Tbk i`st gc rkl`stkrkd>?

agjtkstnjts wns niiklkdiy dgwjigndkd crgh tbk Tròujk‐s agjtkjt hnjnlkhkjt systkh.>1

Tbk lgvkrjhkjt dgks jgt niiklk, njd anjjgt sbgw, tbnt tbk Anjakrhnj khnìs ̀ hpn`rkd>4

gr dnhnlkd njy aghputkr systkhs. Tbk Anjakrhnj khǹ is, nt hgst, sbgw h`susk gr>;

h`snpprgpr`nt`gj gc ̀ jcgrhnt`gj tbnt niiklkdiy anuskd n igss gc ous`jkss gppgrtuj`t`ks. Ns>3

d`sausskd nogvk, d`srupt`gj tg gr igss gc ous`jkss gppgrtuj̀ t`ks, gr gtbkr ous`jkss igssks, duk tg><

`jcgrhnt̀ gj h`susk gr h`snpprgpr`nt`gj anj jkvkr ok uskd tg kstnoi`sb igss gr dnhnlk ujdkr tbk>2

ACNN. Qkk, k.l., NtVna, @ja. v. Npt`tudk Qgiut`gjs, @ja., >24 (K.D. Ani.>0

?6>6) (’tbk igss hust rksuit crgh tbk ujnutbgr`zkd orknab `tskic.‘).?6

Tbk Anjakrhnj khǹ is prkdntk, njd nrk jgt rkintkd tg, tbk niiklkd or`kc kd`t`jl gc n?>

pnrnlrnpb gj tbk Igs Njlkiks T`hks wko pnlk, njd anjjgt ok ̀ jaiudkd ̀ j tbk snhk igss??

aniauint`gj cgr ACNN purpgsks. Njy igss tbnt aguid ok nttròutnoik tg tbksk khnìs `s ujrkintkd tg?1

tbk niiklkd kd`t`jl gc tbk I.N. T`hks wkopnlk, njd anjjgt ok `jaiudkd `j njy ACNN igss?4

nhgujt.?;


15/28

>6 Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk

Kvkj c̀ tbksk khnìs wkrk sghkbgw agjstrukd ns rkintkd tg tbk niiklkd ACNN igss,>

nitkrjnt`vk kv`dkjak kx`sts wbàb wguid ok ikss prkmudà`ni. Nitkrjnt`vk kv`dkjak sbguid ok?

agjs`dkrkd wbkj kvniunt`jl tbk prgont`vk vkrsus prkmudà`ni oninjak gc n pnrtàuinr p`kak gc 1

kv`dkjak. Qkk Gid Ab`kc v. [.Q., ;>0 [.Q. >


16/28

>> Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk

njd jg kv`dkjak crgh tbnt ̀ jvkst`lnt`gj gr kiskwbkrk suppgrts tbk tbkgry tbnt Hr. Ekys wns>

`jvgivkd `j njy wny. Onskd gj tbk i`h`tkd kv`dkjak prgv`dkd `j tbk rkstrǹ j`jl grdkr, `t wguid ok?

b`lbiy ujièkiy tbnt njy rknsgjnoik mury aguid agjaiudk tbnt Ekys wns tbk natgr w`tbgut rksgrt`jl1

tg spkauint`gj njd ̀ jjukjdg.4

Ndd`t`gjniiy, n pr`gr ond nat hust ok s`hìnr tg tbk ’gcckjsk abnrlkd.‘ Qkk `d. Tbk khǹ is;

d`sausskd `j tbk rkstrǹ j`jl grdkr bgid jg rkint`gjsb`p tg tbk abnrlkd ACNN v`gint`gjs. Tbk3

ACNN v`gint`gjs nt ̀ ssuk `j tb`s ansk ̀ jvgivk h`susk gc igl`j arkdkjt`nis tg or`kciy nitkr n<

pnrnlrnpb gj n Igs Njlkiks T`hks wko pnlk. Tbk rkstrn`j`jl grdkr dksaròks nj ujejgwj2

`jd`v`duni gr ̀ jd`v`dunis skjd`jl d`srupt`vk hkssnlks tg, njd pgst`jl khonrrnss`jl pr`vntk0

pbgtgs gc, nj uj̀ jvgivkd tb`rd pnrty. Tbk gjiy s`hìnr̀ ty oktwkkj tbk pr`gr ond nat njd tbk>6

abnrlkd gcckjsk `s tbk h`susk gc aghputkrs oy ujejgwj natgrs.>>

Kvkj ̀ c rkikvnjt, tbk prkmudà`ni ̀ hpnat gc tbk rkstrn`j`jl grdkr vnstiy gutwk`lbs njy>?

prgont`vk vniuk ̀ t hny bnvk. Tbk agurt sbguid kxaiudk rkikvnjt kv`dkjak c̀ tbk dnjlkr gc ujcn`r>1

prkmudà`ni ̀ hpnat suostnjt`niiy gutwk`lbs ̀ ts prgont`vk vniuk. Qkk [.Q. v. _nh`rkz-_goiks, 123>4

C.1d >?14, >?43 (0tb A`r. ?664). L`vkj tbnt tbk nat`gjs dksaròkd `j tbk ?662 rkstrn`j`jl grdkr>;

wkrk jkvkr nttr̀ outkd tg njygjk, agho`jkd w`tb tbk b`lbiy sanjdnigus jnturk gc tbk niiklnt`gjs>3

hndk tbkrk`j njd tbk inae gc s`hìnr̀ ty oktwkkj tbk nats rkintkd tg tbk ?662 rkstrn`j`jl grdkr njd><

tbk abnrlkd ACNN gcckjsks, tbk prgont`vk vniuk gc tbk rkstrn`j`jl grdkr `s kjt`rkiy gutwk`lbkd>2

oy `ts prkmudà`ni ̀ hpnat. Tbk ?662 rkstrǹ j`jl grdkr sbguid ok kxaiudkd.>0


17/28

>? Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk

@S. @_A IGL C@IKQ GOTN@JKD C_GH DKJJ@Q G\KJ>AGII@JQ ANJJGT OK N[TBKJT@ANTKD NJD N_K?TBK_KCG_K @JNDH@QQ@OIK1

Tbk lgvkrjhkjt hny skke tg `jtrgduak n juhokr gc @_A3 abnt njd skrvkr igl cìks4

gotn`jkd tbrgulb tbk sknrab njd sk`zurk gc nj uj`jdàtkd niiklkd hkhokr gc Njgjyhgus, tbk intk;

Dkjj`s Gwkj Agii`js. Hr. Agii`js pnsskd nwny gj Muiy >3, ?6>;.6

cìks agjtn`j`jl pin`j tkxt out gocusantkd, prksuhnoiy oy Hr. Agii`js, us`jl vnr̀ gus cìk jnhks>>

njd kxtkjs`gjs.>?

N prgpgjkjt gc n pnrtàuinr p`kak gc kv`dkjak hust prgduak kv`dkjak succà`kjt tg sbgw>1

tbnt tbk ̀ tkh `s wbnt tbk prgpgjkjt snys `t ̀ s. Ckd. _. Kv`d. 06>. Cgr ndh`ssòì`ty, tbk prgpgjkjt>4

hust hnek n pr̀ hn cna`k sbgw`jl gc nutbkjtà`ty oy sbgw`jl succà`kjt prggc cgr n rknsgjnoik>;

murgr tg c`jd `j cnvgr gc nutbkjtà`ty gr `dkjt`cànt`gj. Qkk [.Q. v. Oinae , 114, >14? (0tb

>3

A`r. >02;). Cgr abnt igl dntn, n pr`hn cna`k sbgw`jl gc nutbkjtà`ty hny ok hndk oy tbk igls‐><

arkntgr tkst`cy`jl tg bgw tbk igls wkrk hndk njd tg tbk naaurnay gc wbnt tbky rkprkskjt. [.Q. v.>2

Tnje , ?66 C.1d 3?0

`s jgt pgssòik.?6

3 @jtkrjkt _kiny Abnt, n cgrh gc `jtkrjkt tkxt abnt pgpuinr nhgjl prglrnhhkrs, aghputkr kjtbus`nsts, njd gtbkrtkabjàniiy snvvy `jd`v`dunis. Abntt`jl gj @_A tneks pinak gj ’abnjjkis‘ ruj w`tb`j skrvkrs. Hnjy @_A ai`kjt

njd skrvkr prglrnhs nrk noik tg arkntk igl cìks, ksskjt`niiy tkxt cìks `jtg wbàb abnt agjtkjt gr skrvkr gutputwìi ok rkagrdkd, wbàb nrk stgrkd gj tbk hnab`jk rujj`jl tbnt @_A ai`kjt gr skrvkr.

< Qkk Dkjj`s Gwkj Agii`js hkhgr`ni pnlk, nt bttp=//www.cgrkvkrh`sskd.agh/dkjj`s-gwkj-agii`js/#nogut (instv`s̀ tkd Qkptkhokr 0, ?6>;).


18/28


[pgj `jcgrhnt`gj njd oki`kc, Hr. Agii`js wns tbk sgik austgd`nj gc tbksk igl cìks>

oktwkkj tbk t`hk tbky wkrk arkntkd ujtì tbky wkrk sk`zkd oy ckdkrni inw kjcgrakhkjt. Bk wns?

tbk gjiy pkrsgj w`tb naakss tg njd agjtrgi gc tbksk cìks, njd tbk gjiy pkrsgj noik tg tkst`cy tg tbk1

naaurnay gc tbk dntn njd agjtkjt agjtn`jkd tbkrk`j. Okcgrk tbk lgvkrjhkjt sk`zkd tbk Igls, Hr.4

Agii`js gr njygjk kisk wbg hny bnvk bnd naakss tg tbk Igls aguid bnvk kd`tkd gr abnjlkd;

kjtr`ks `j tbk tkxt. [jièk khnì gr gccs`tk skrvkr igls, jg tb`rd pnrty kx`sts wbàb h`lbt3

`jdkpkjdkjtiy vkr`cy tbk naaurnay gc tbksk igls. @t wguid nisg ok tr`v`niiy knsy cgr nj `jd`v`duni<

w`tb Hr. Agii`js‐s tkabjàni seìi tg nitkr gr gocusantk dntn ̀ j tbksk cìks.2 \bìk n inw2

kjcgrakhkjt nlkjt hny ok noik tg tkst`cy tg tbk cgrkjsà hktbgds uskd tg nssurk tbk dntn wns jgt0

nitkrkd nctkr sk`zurk,0 tbky nrk `j jg pgs`t`gj tg nutbkjtàntk tbk Igls‐ vkrna`ty pr`gr tg sk`zurk.>6

AGJAI[Q@GJ>>

Cgr tbk nogvk stntkd rknsgjs, Hnttbkw Ekys rkspkatcuiiy rkquksts tbnt tbk Agurt kxaiudk=>?

>) `rrkikvnjt, spkauint`vk, njd prkmudà`ni igss juhokrs ujrkintkd tg tbk niiklkd Aghputkr Crnud>1

njd Nousk Nat (’ACNN‘) abnrlks5 ?) nii igss juhokrs okanusk tbk lgvkrjhkjt bns jgt jgtàkd>4

njy kxpkrt tbnt anj suostnjt`ntk tbkh5 1) `rrkikvnjt njd prkmudà`ni khn ìs niiklkdiy skjt oy tbk>;

dkckjdnjt tbnt nrk ujrkintkd tg tbk niiklkd ACNN dnhnlk njd tbnt nrk nisg ̀ jndh`ssòik ujdkr>3

Ckdkrni _uik gc Kv`dkjak 464(o)5 4) `rrkikvnjt, prkmud̀ a`ni kv`dkjak gc n ?662 rkstrn`j`jl grdkr><

nln`jst tbk Dkckjdnjt5 njd ;) abnt njd skrvkr igls sk`zkd crgh tbk intk Dkjj`s Gwkj Agii`js, nj>2

uj`jdàtkd tb`rd pnrty, wbàb anjjgt ok nutbkjtàntkd.>0

2 Cgr kxnhpik, n onsà c`jd-njd-rkpinak sar`pt aguid knsìy njd kccgrtikssiy abnjlk @V nddrkss juhokrs, jàejnhkkjtr`ks, gr tbk arknt`gj gr hgd`cànt`gj dntk hktndntn gj tbk cìks.

0 Nitbgulb nt tb`s t`hk, tbk dkckjsk ̀ s jgt nwnrk gc njy suab cgrkjsà vkr`cànt`gj, suab ns HD; gr QBNabkaesuhs, cgr k`tbkr tbk Igls gr tbk bnrd dr`vk(s) gj wbàb tbky wkrk stgrkd.


19/28


>DNTKD= Qkptkhokr 0, ?6>; _kspkatcuiiy suoh`ttkd,?

/s/ Tgr KekinjdW1 Tgr Kekinjd4Tgr Kekinjd, V.A.;>0; Viyhgutb Qtrkkt, ;tb Ciggr3Orggeiyj, JP >>?6><tgrFtgrkekinjd.agh2Tki= 2-


20/28

KRB@O@T N


21/28

Sniunt`gj gj t`hk d`sru pt`gj gc ous`jkss

Hkkt`jls

>.) Ornjdgj & Mgbj Anutbkj > $

??;.66

1.) Mkrry njd Anutbkj > $>;6.66

4.) Mkrry w`t b Ornjdgj ; (>/? bgur hkkt`jls) $;3?.;6

Khnìs

>.) Ornjdgj

tg

Mgbj Anutbkj >/> + rksknrab $??;.66

?.) Qnh Agbkj w / agrpgrntk >4 khnìs crgh >?/3/??6> 6 tbru >?/>4/?6>6 $;6.66

>?.) Ornjdg j tg Mkrry njd _ny Jkisgj $?1.)Ornjdgj

tg _ny Try tg oigae naakss tg nii gtbk rs $>?; .66

>4.)S`kwkr khnìs @j`t`ntkd n abn`j gc 4 khnìs + agjvkrsnt`gjs $>,;66.66

4 bgurs kst`hntkd `j hkkt`jls

>;.)Mkdi`jse` tg Ornjdgj $1?;.66

>3.)Ornjdgj tg Mkrry, Cr`kdhnj, Qnujdkrs, Agjbn`j, Okrjnrd, Jkisgj, Qìvkrhnj njd Mkdi`jse`

"Tb`s `s wb nt CGR Hu idkr `s dg`jl tg us" $>,6?;

>0.) Ornjdgj tg Jkws Dkpn rthkj t njd Mkrry $?,;66.66

?6.)Trgy tg Ornjdgj "16 h`jutks spkjt w`t b upskt v`kw krs"/`h pna t Entby Vnkz &

Obnv`sbn Vntki/+> $?66.66

?>.)Trgy tg Jkws Dkp nrthk jt $>;6.66

??.)Bukrtn tg CGR Hu idkr $;6.66

?1.)CGR

Hu idkr tg Mkrry $>;6.66

?4.)Abnriks Okrjnrd tg Ornjdgj $>?;.66


22/28

?;.)CGR H uidkr khnìs tg Mgrdnj DkJg gj, Mgsb Onnr, Hnre Dkhsey, Oìi Budsgj, Abnriks Okrjnrd,

T`h E`jl njd Ornjdgj

_K=

Qnjtn's Inp khn ì $1.) CGR46 _kwnrds Hkh okrs

?.) Ornjdgj w`t b Anutbkj

1.) Ornjd gj w` tb Ekys

4.) Mkrry w` tb Ekrst`jl njd Qabgjone

;.) Mkrry w`t b Qabgjone

3.) Mkrry w`t b Anutbkj

Lrkkji`jes Dntnonsk igss

?> (>/? bgur knab gj nvkrnlk)

> bgur7

4 bgu rs 7

? (>/? bgur)

; (>/? bgur)

4 (>/? bgur)

,3?;.66

>;6.66

Kst`hntkd igss= $>;,666.66

.) `Vnd Agjtkst

?.) Dn tnonsk `hp nat

igst dntnonsk gc ?6,666 v`kwkrs5 bnd tg c`jd n jkw vkjd gr & rkouìd n jkw dntnonsk.

Kst`hntkd igss= $?66,666.66

C`jnja`ni `hpnat gc Dntnonsk igss

Aurrkjt rkvkjuks Kst`hntkd igss= $?;,666.66

Cgrwnrd rkvkjuks Kst`hntkd igss= $?;6,666.66

Jgtk= Tgge tbrk k (1) yknrs tg ouìd jkw dntnonsk onae tg ?6> > ikvki gc ?6,666 v`kwkrs

_nt`jl `hpnat

Hg rj`jl jkws dkai`jkd .> (; bgurs)

Knriy jkws dkai`jkd .4 (>/? Bgur)

Intk jkws `jarknskd .? (> bgur)

Jkws rnt`jls N?;;4

C`jnja`ni `hpnat gc rnt`jl dkai`jk

C`jnja`ni @hpnat Tgtni hnrek t rkvkjuk 8 $>31,2%

8 >,312,4;6

> 8 >31,24;

Kst`hntkd igss= $460,3> ?.66

(crgh nh jkws rnt`jl igssks)


23/28

(-.4 knriy jkws njd +.? intk jkws kcckat`vkiy anjaki knab

gtbkr gut)

Tgtni Igss kst`hntk=

0?0,0;6/bgur

$


24/28

KRB@O@T O


25/28


26/28


27/28


28/28

Date post:	07-Aug-2018
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USA v. Keys: Defense Motions in Limine

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