DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C:

Distribution authorized to U.S Government agencies and their contractors:

Administrative or Operational Use, 21 Apr 2009.

Refer other requests for this document to U.S. Army UAS Project Office, SFAE-AV-UAS,

Redstone Arsenal, AL

Airspace Integration

GBSAA

Ground Based Sense and Avoid

Brian Patterson, CW5

1

2009│GBSAA-Development

UAS Airspace Integration Goal:

•Target Level Of Safety (TLOS) for UAS operations

regarding their compliance with Part 91 operating

rules for “see and avoid”.

Problem

It is incumbent upon DoD to make the

safety case to the FAA.

2009│GBSAA-Development

UAS NAS Access Capability Gaps

Routine Access

Air Worthiness Certification

Sense and Avoid

Pilot Certification

Equipage

OPS STDS & Procedures

Provide a mitigation to “see and avoid” regulatory

requirements through ground based sensors,

procedures, and user interface

GBSAA

2009│GBSAA-Development

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Army Unmanned Aerial Systems Current and Projected Inventory and Flight Hour Requirements

(Total)

As of: 14 Apr 09

Nu

mb

er

of

Fie

lde

d S

ys

tem

s

1024

677

468

137

222

1809

2071

1291

2329

2517 2518

1610633

1550

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15

Multi-Platform Inventory

Combat

NAS

Total

Fli

gh

t H

ou

rs in

Th

ou

san

ds

Total DoD UAS Service NAS Requirements Projected @ 1.1M by 2013

See Note

Army 418K

Note: JCOE Compile Data, in response to JROC Request, UAS Integration into the National Airspace Study, 2 June 2008

Combat/NAS

2009│GBSAA-Development

Current FAA restrictions for

UAS flying in the NAS

UAS must have a Chase Aircraft

---or---

Trained Observer

Must remain with in 1 mile and

3000 feet of UAS.

Day light hours only

No Night operations

2009│GBSAA-Development

Joint UAS World Presence Through FY12

Restricted Airspace

29IBCT(HI)

• Army Active & NG UAS State Assets through FY15

• Marine UAS Locations

• Airforce/Navy UAS Locations

SB x 3

Ft Lewis

81

HBCT

(WA)

81st HBCT

WA NG

41IBCT(OR)

1/34IBCT(MN)

116HBCT

(ID)

32IBCT(WI)

2/34IBCT(IA)

40IBCT(CA)

BEALE

AFB

Tng Base

Ft Irwin

Δ Ft. Huachuca

11 ACR NTC

El Mirage

MCB, VMU-1

Ft Carson

Ft Bliss

4ID

1CAV

2ID

86IBCT(CO)

3ACR1 CAV

56IBCT(TX)

72IBCT(TX)

1St

Ft Campbell

101ST278

HBCT(TN)

76

IBCT

(IN)

39IBCT(AR)

33

IBCT

(IL)

53IBCT(FL)

26IBCT(MA)Ft Drum

10MN27

IBCT(NY)

SB6

PA NG

55HBCT(PA)

2/28HBCT(PA)

Ft BenningFt Stewart

3 ID

48IBCT(GA)

218HBCT(SC)

NG

(AL)

149

IBCT

(KY)Ft Knox

Ft Riley

1ID

45

IBCT

(OK)

155HBCT(MS)

Ft Polk

10 MN

256HBCT(LA)

50IBCT(NJ)

NGB

MMFPax River

58IBCT(MD)

116IBCT(VA)

Ft Bragg

82nd

MCAS, VMU-2

MCB

37

IBCT

(MI)

NG

(UT)

Schofield Barracks25th

Germany

Korea

2CR

1AD

1ID

Italy

UAECENTCOM

MCB

Okinawa

Ft Wainwright

Ft Richardson

SB3

25th

25th

Pt. Magu NAS

Southern California Logistics Center

29 PalmsCamp Pendleton

33

IBCT

(IL)

Grand Forks AFB

Cannon AFB

Holloman AFB

Ellington ANGB

Guam173rd

Ft Leonard

Wood

Example of typical Army airfield located outside

restricted airspace - Fort Bragg

Air transit tunnel through which a UAS may transit the

NAS from one safe state to another.

2009│GBSAA-Development

Sensor

Communications Procedures Interface

Correlation and

Fusion

2009│GBSAA-Development

Summary

GBSAA is a first step towards an integrated solution

Supports immediate access

Supports all Groups of UAS and Services

Part of the overarching plan includes ABSAA and Air Worthiness

Partnership w/Joint Services and the FAA to achieve a final solution that supports all DoD

Initial Request for

GBSAA Support from

Garrison, Field

Command, BRAC

GBSAA Process

Evaluate Sensors

Existing/New?

Design System

(Sensors, Data Sys,

Display, Integration)

M&S – Sensor

Performance Req/

Coverage Analysis

Site Airspace Analysis

(Class, Restricted

Areas, Airports…)

Compile/Build

Site Safety CaseUAS Flights in NAS

per COA

Identify Funding for

Site Efforts

COA Application to

FAA

Data AnalysisGBSAA System

Testing

AW/Safety Case

Evaluation/Approval

(DoD Service Specific)

Sensor Data

Collection

FAA/DoD/New

Develop Preliminary

Site Schedule

FAA COA Approval

Develop System

Requirements

Obtain Frequency

Authorization

Obtain Necessary

Property Leases

Develop/Perform

GBSAA Training

GBSAA System

Documentation (Syst.

Engineering)

Acquire/Install System

Hardware

Verify/Validate

GBSAA System

Design/Performance

Site Survey

Zero Conflict Airspace (Sterile Airspace)

GBSAA DefinitionA ground based means of detecting an

airborne intruder and declaring a threat, in time

to allow the UAS to adopt a safe state.

Intruder: An object within the surveillance volume of the system for which a

track has been established

UNCLASSIFIED

FAA UAS Sense and Avoid Workshops

June 2009

US Army TCM - UAS

Early Radar Data

Long-term Track stats

Measured blip/scan ratio for long-term tracks

Random sampling of long-term tracks

Clutter Results

Measured clutter VS ability to detect 1m^2 RCS

target

Measured subclutter visibility for sites

Early Radar Data - 1500 hrs

1500 hrs

1500 hrs – Altitude [m] AMSL

1500 hrs – Altitude [m] AMSL

1500 hrs

The mean cmap magnitude

was then subtracted from

“SNR+N” curves to obtain

expected signal-to-clutter

curves per waveform and

beam

Expected SNC curves

compared to range-varying

detection thresholds

currently used to determine

detectability of 1 m^2 target

Clutter Results - Coverage Generation

• SNC VS detection thresholds mapped to “binary” detect/no detect plot for 1 m^2 non-fluctuating target

• These plots were then overlaid on maps of the area

• Example detectability plot

• Red indicates detectability on target

• Blue indicates no detectability on target

Beam 0

Clutter Results - Coverage Generation

5.49 5.495 5.5 5.505

x 109

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

cputime

sum

mag1

elmo, 3/5/09

0 20 40 60 80 100 12030

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

rcells

elmo, upper beam, az beam 11, 0 doppler, dwell 0

090305

This gap in detection

data relates to the lower

clutter map magnitude:

Clutter Results - Coverage Generation

Jack Brian’s Ranch

DetectabilityResults

SCLA

El Mirage

Comprehensive Coverage for 1 m^2 RCS Target

2009│GBSAA-Development

Summary

GBSAA is a first step towards an integrated solution

Supports immediate access

Supports all Groups of UAS and Services

Part of the overarching plan includes ABSAA and Air Worthiness

Partnership w/Joint Services and the FAA to achieve a final solution that supports all DoD

2009│GBSAA-Development