USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System
Conservation of Fruit & Nut Genetic Resources
Joseph PostmanPlant Pathologist & Curator
National Clonal Germplasm RepositoryCorvallis, Oregon
May 2010
Mission: Collect – Preserve
Evaluate – Enhance -Distribute
World Diversityof Plant Genetic Resources for Improving the Quality and Production of Economic Crops Important to U.S. and World Agriculture
Apple Accessions at GenevaMalus angustifolia ( 59 Accessions) Malus sikkimensis ( 14 Accessions) Malus baccata ( 67 Accessions) Malus sp. ( 41 Accessions) Malus bhutanica ( 117 Accessions) Malus spectabilis ( 9 Accessions) Malus brevipes ( 2 Accessions) Malus sylvestris ( 70 Accessions) Malus coronaria ( 98 Accessions) Malus toringo ( 122 Accessions) Malus domestica ( 1,389 Accessions) Malus transitoria ( 63 Accessions) Malus doumeri ( 2 Accessions) Malus trilobata ( 2 Accessions) Malus florentina ( 4 Accessions) Malus tschonoskii ( 3 Accessions) Malus floribunda ( 12 Accessions) Malus x adstringens ( 2 Accessions) Malus fusca ( 147 Accessions) Malus x arnoldiana ( 2 Accessions) Malus halliana ( 15 Accessions) Malus x asiatica ( 20 Accessions) Malus honanensis ( 4 Accessions) Malus x astracanica ( 1 Accessions) Malus hupehensis ( 185 Accessions) Malus x atrosanguinea ( 2 Accessions) Malus hybrid ( 337 Accessions) Malus x dawsoniana ( 2 Accessions) Malus ioensis ( 72 Accessions) Malus x hartwigii ( 5 Accessions) Malus kansuensis ( 45 Accessions) Malus x magdeburgensis ( 2 Accessions) Malus komarovii ( 1 Accessions) Malus x micromalus ( 25 Accessions) Malus mandshurica ( 3 Accessions) Malus x moerlandsii ( 2 Accessions) Malus ombrophila ( 5 Accessions) Malus x platycarpa ( 7 Accessions) Malus orientalis ( 816 Accessions) Malus x purpurea ( 5 Accessions) Malus orthocarpa ( 1 Accessions) Malus x robusta ( 13 Accessions) Malus prattii ( 42 Accessions) Malus x scheideckeri ( 2 Accessions) Malus prunifolia ( 52 Accessions) Malus x soulardii ( 3 Accessions) Malus pumila ( 12 Accessions) Malus x sublobata ( 4 Accessions) Malus sargentii ( 23 Accessions) Malus yunnanensis ( 17 Accessions) Malus sieversii ( 2,581 Accessions) Malus zhaojiaoensis ( 33 Accessions) Malus sieversii var. kirghisorum ( 35 Accessions) Malus zumi ( 3 Accessions) Malus sieversii var. turkmenorum ( 4 Accessions)
Grape Accessions at DavisVitis acerifolia ( 15 Accessions) Vitis nesbittiana ( 2 Accessions) Vitis aestivalis ( 38 Accessions) Vitis palmata ( 9 Accessions) Vitis aestivalis var. aestivalis ( 31 Accessions) Vitis piasezkii var. pagnuccii ( 11 Accessions) Vitis aestivalis var. lincecumii ( 11 Accessions) Vitis piasezkii var. piasezkii ( 2 Accessions) Vitis amurensis ( 8 Accessions) Vitis popenoei ( 1 Accessions) Vitis arizonica ( 4 Accessions) Vitis riparia ( 45 Accessions) Vitis betulifolia ( 1 Accessions) Vitis romanetii ( 1 Accessions) Vitis biformis ( 2 Accessions) Vitis rotundifolia ( 110 Accessions) Vitis blancoi ( 1 Accessions) Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana ( 16 Accessions) Vitis bloodworthiana ( 1 Accessions) Vitis rupestris ( 15 Accessions) Vitis californica ( 9 Accessions) Vitis shuttleworthii ( 11 Accessions) Vitis cinerea ( 53 Accessions) Vitis sp. ( 172 Accessions) Vitis cinerea var. cinerea ( 1 Accessions) Vitis tiliifolia ( 7 Accessions) Vitis cinerea var. floridana ( 6 Accessions) Vitis treleasei ( 4 Accessions) Vitis cinerea var. helleri ( 20 Accessions) Vitis vinifera ( 184 Accessions) Vitis coignetiae ( 2 Accessions) Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris ( 77 Accessions) Vitis davidii ( 1 Accessions) Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera ( 1,200 Accessions) Vitis ficifolia ( 2 Accessions) Vitis vulpina ( 26 Accessions) Vitis flexuosa ( 1 Accessions) Vitis wilsonae ( 1 Accessions) Vitis girdiana ( 4 Accessions) Vitis x andersonii ( 1 Accessions) Vitis hybrid ( 1,051 Accessions) Vitis x bourquina ( 4 Accessions) Vitis jacquemontii ( 10 Accessions) Vitis x champinii ( 16 Accessions) Vitis labrusca ( 25 Accessions) Vitis x doaniana ( 6 Accessions) Vitis monticola ( 16 Accessions) Vitis x novae-angliae ( 1 Accessions) Vitis mustangensis ( 70 Accessions) Vitis x slavinii ( 1 Accessions)
Thousands of Fruit & Nut Varieties
U.S. National Plant Germplasm System
• 441,000 Accessions
• 11,000 Species
Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)
http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/
History
• 1898 - Section of Seed and Plant Introduction
• 1946 – Research & Marketing Act (P.L. 733)• 1947-1952 - Regional Plant Introduction Stations• 1958 - National Seed Storage Laboratory
• 1978 - Germplasm Resources Information Network• 1980s - Clonal Repositories• 1990 - P.L.101-624 (National Genetic Resources
Program)• 1999 - Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center
Active Collections
• Regional Plant Introduction Stations
• Crop Specific or Special Collections
• Clonal Repositories
• Genetic Stock Collections
Regional Plant Introduction Stations
1. Ames, IA (NC-7) – July 1947
2. Pullman, WA (W-6) – July 1947
3. Geneva, NY (NE-9) - July 1948
4. Griffin, GA (S-9) – Nov 1949
Clonal Repositories1. Geneva, NY2. Davis, CA3. Corvallis, OR4. Riverside, CA5. Miami, FL6. Hilo, HI 7. College Station, TX8. Mayaguez, PR9. Washington, DC/Beltsville, MD
Base Collection
National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation
(formerly National Seed Storage Laboratory)
Long Term Backup ConservationSeed Viability & Storage Research
National Clonal Germplasm Repositories
Special Collections• Potato - Sturgeon Bay, WI• Small Grain – Aberdeen, ID• Soybean – Urbana, IL • Cotton – College Station, TX• Herbaceous Ornamental – Columbus, OH• Arctic Plant Genetic Resources –
Palmer, AK (Corvallis, OR worksite)• Arid Land Plant Genetic Resources –
Parlier, CA (Davis, CA worksite)
Genetic Stock Collections
• Maize Genetic Stock Center• C.M.Rick Tomato Genetic Stock
Center• Wheat Genetic Stock Center• Barley Genetic Stock Center• Pea Genetic Stock Collection• Rice Genetic Stock Center
National Germplasm Resources Laboratory – Beltsville
1. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Database)
2. Plant Exchange Office
3. Plant Disease Research Unit
NCGR Corvallis – Collection Summary10,500 total plant and seed accessions
(5100 field plants, 7200 screenhouse plants)
Actinidia2%
Corylus9%
Cydonia1%
Fragaria18%
Humulus5%
Mentha6%Mespilus
0%
Pyrus26%
Ribes10%
Rubus11%
Sambucus1%
Sorbus1%
Vaccinium10%
Clonal Accessions
Repository Objectives
Collect
Maintain
Evaluate
Distribute
What FruitsOriginatedin America?
Showing F.C. Reimer traveling while investigating pears in northern China - 1919
Pyrus betulifolia – Fine group of 11 trees, 4 miles east of Tien Chwang, Shantung, China - Fall 1919
9
Hokkaido, Japan - 2009
Malus toringoVaccinium oxycoccos
Actinidia arguta
Vashlovani Nature PreserveEastern Georgia
Pyrus salicifolia
Pyrus caucasicaCaucasus Mountains, Georgia
Zebra Pear (Pysanka, Easter Egg)
Malus orientalis
Raspberries Blackberries
Cornelian “Cherries”
Armenia Figs
Quince (Cydonia oblonga) Garden in Shilda Village (east Georgia)
Henderson Luelling's 1847 “Traveling Nursery" included the following cultivars:
Apples•Baldwin •Bellflower (Yellow Bellflower) •Blue Pearmain•Early Harvest •Gloria Mundi •Golden Russet •Gravenstein•King (Tompkins King) •Newtown •Northern Spy •Rambo •Red Astrachan•Red Cheek Pippin (Monmouth) •Rhode Island Greening •Seek-no-further (Westfield Seek-no-further) •Spitzenburg (EsopusSpitzenburg) •White Winter Pearmain•Winesap
Pears•Bartlett (Williams' Bon Chrétien) •Clapp Favorite •Early Butter (Craig) •Fall Butter (White Doyenné) •Pound •Seckel •Vicar of Winkfield (Curé) •Winter Nelis
Peaches•Early Crawford •Late Crawford •Golden Cling
Cherries•May Duke •Black Bigarreau•Kentish •Royal Anne (Napoleon Bigarreau) •Black Tartarian•Early Purple Guigne
Henderson Luelling
Yellow Bellflower Apple (in SW Portland)
San Juan Island National Park
(Belle Angevine or Pound Pear)
McDonald Forest Homestead Orchards
Photos from Diana Brinn
Repository Objectives
Collect
Maintain
Evaluate
Distribute
ex situ clonal collections:
Orchard
Screenhouse
In vitro Storage
CryogenicStorage
PGR Evaluation
• Virus testing
• Molecular identity
• Chemical qualities antioxidants
• Resistance screening
First SSR markers in blueberry
Fingerprint 72 blueberry cvs. with 28 SSRs
UPGMA cluster analysis, 3 clusters
Fingerprinting: BlueberryPI 554827
PI 618023
PI 554799
PI 554829a
PI 554829b
PI 554841
Chandler
PI 554805
PI 554798
PI 554808
CVAC 1308
PI 554873
PI 554820
PI 554883
PI 554846
PI 554952
PI 554837
PI 554832
PI 618099
PI 554845
PI 554843
PI 554893
PI 554807a
PI 554807b
PI 618035
PI 618164
PI 554817
PI 554821
PI 554833
PI 554810
PI 554816
PI 554815
PI 554825
PI 554894
Liberty
Aurora
Northern Highbush
Draper
PI 554872
PI 555317
PI 618194
Jewel
Star
Oneal
Millennia
Emerald
Santa Fe
Southmoon
PI 554957
PI 618193
Sharpblue
Sapphire
CVAC 1321
PI 554804
PI 554812
PI 554823
PI 554826
PI 618192
PI 267847
PI 296414
PI 296395
PI 554943
PI 267848
PI 296400
PI 296396
PI 267844
PI 554881
PI 554793
PI 296403
PI 554792
PI 554795
Wild V. corymbosum
PI 554880
0.1
Northern Highbush
Southern Highbush
Wild
Nahla Bassil
Anthocyanin Contentof different blueberry cultivars
Wild type From Fla,/Ga.
Plant Distribution 2009
521 requests received
5,800 items shipped
