2002
George R. WiggansGeorge R. WiggansAnimal Improvement Programs LaboratoryAgricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, [email protected]
USDA Dairy Goat Genetic USDA Dairy Goat Genetic Evaluation ProgramEvaluation Program
Status and PlansStatus and Plans
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USDA Dairy Goat EvaluationsUSDA Dairy Goat Evaluations
• Evaluations for milk, fat, protein, and type
• Yield evaluations in July Type evaluations in December
• Evaluations provided to ADGA, DRPC, and publicly via the internet
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Data FlowData Flow
FARM
COMPONENT TEST LAB
DRPC
CenterData Sent to AIPL
DRMS – NC DailyDHI-Provo – UT DailyAgri-Tech – CA 2x/weekAgSource – WI WeeklyTexas DHIA – TX Monthly
AIPL
ADGA
INTERNET
Milk Data collected monthly
DHIA
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Does Contributing Data from Test Does Contributing Data from Test Day Nearest June 30Day Nearest June 30thth, 2002 , 2002
By Processing Center
Center Herds Does Percent of Does
DRMS – NC 159 2757 37.2
Penna. 10 76 1.0
DHIA-Provo 179 2463 33.2
Agri-Tech 28 794 10.7
AgSource 26 749 10.1
Texas DHIA 78 576 7.8
Total 480 7415
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Most Frequent Errors Most Frequent Errors For Kiddings in 2002
Error code Description Number
Percent of total errors
7ma No matching herd test date 1202 18.4
2Gf Sire ID different from ADGA 944 14.5
3Gf Dam ID different from ADGA 928 14.2
0Ba More than 1 pedigree difference 910 13.9
1Da Invalid doe breed code 610 9.3
7Aa No test days 419 6.4
5Bc Birthdate does not match ADGA 391 6.0
1Dc Letter in ID where not allowed 289 4.4
2Fd Sire ID already in master file as doe 191 2.9
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Genetic Improvement ProgramGenetic Improvement Program
Phenotype = Genotype + Environment
• Genetic improvement programs only change genotype
• Heritability is the portion of total variation due to genetics
• Rate of genetic improvement determined by generation interval selection intensity heritability
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Issues Affecting Value of DataIssues Affecting Value of Data
• Completeness of ID and parentage reporting
• Years herd on test
• Size of herd
• Frequency of testing and component determination
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Evaluation CalculationEvaluation Calculation
• Goal predict productivity of progeny
• Method separate genetic component from other factors
influencing evaluated traits
• All relationships are considered bucks receive evaluations from the records on their
female relatives
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Yield Evaluation ModelYield Evaluation Model
MODEL: y = hys + hs + pe + a + e
y = yield of milk, fat, or protein during a lactation
hys = herd-year-season- accounts for environmental effects common to does
kidding in the same herd in the same season
hs = herd-sire- effect common to daughters of a buck in the same herd
pe = permanent environment- effect common to all a doe's lactations that is not genetic
a = animal genetic effect (breeding value)
e = unexplained residual
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Type Evaluation ModelType Evaluation Model
MODEL: y = h + a + p + e
y = adjusted type record
h = herd appraisal date
a = animal genetic effect (breeding value)
p = permanent environment- effect common to all a doe's lactations that is not genetic
e = unexplained residual
Multi-trait evaluation allows scores from one trait to affect the evaluation of another trait through the genetic correlations among the traits.
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Recent Type Appraisal DataRecent Type Appraisal Data
1998 1999 2000 2001
Alpine 1293 1050 1072 1341
Nubian 1393 1286 1319 1299
Toggenburg 592 587 473 672
LaMancha 875 635 719 667
Saanen 426 459 389 659
Oberhasli 370 217 254 323
Experimental 253 197 191 269
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Type Trait Genetic Correlations Type Trait Genetic Correlations
Final Score Strength Dairyness
Fore Udder Attachment
Final Score 1.00 .30 -.15 .66
Strength .30 1.00 -.51 .15
Dairyness -.15 -.51 1.00 -.16
F. Udder Att. .66 .15 -.16 1.00
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Accuracy of EvaluationsAccuracy of Evaluations
• Number of does kidding in same hysmore records better estimate of hys effect
• Number of bucks with daughters having records in same hysmore direct comparisons better ranking of
bucks
• Number of lactation records
• Number of daughters
• Accuracy of pedigree data
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Longevity Evaluation Longevity Evaluation Dairy Cattle Program
Productive Life (PL) Number of months in milk up to:
• 10mo per lactation• 84mo in age
Estimated for cows still in milk Reliability increased using correlated
traits:• type composites• yield traits
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Longevity Genetic CorrelationsLongevity Genetic CorrelationsDairy Cattle Program
TraitLongevity
Correlation
Milk .13
Fat .12
Protein .15
Somatic Cell Score -.35
Udder Composite .30
Feet and Legs Composite .19
Size Composite -.04
Fertility (Pregnancy Rate) .59
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AIPL Web ServicesAIPL Web Services
http://aipl.arsusda.gov/query/public/tdb.shtml#GoatsTBL
• Queries provide display of: pedigree information yield records herd test characteristics genetic evaluations of does & bucks
• yield• Type
• Access information using: ID number animal name herd code
Get goat pedigree and yield Get goat pedigree and yield informationinformation
http://aipl.arsusda.gov/cgi-bin/general/Qpublic/do.Q.cgi?qname=shgoat&single
Get goat pedigree and yield Get goat pedigree and yield information - outputinformation - output
Get yield and type evaluationGet yield and type evaluation
http://aipl.arsusda.gov/cgi-bin/general/Qpublic/do.Q.cgi?qname=getbuck&single
Get yield and type evaluation - Get yield and type evaluation - outputoutput
Get goat error records by herd - Get goat error records by herd - outputoutput
http://aipl.arsusda.gov/cgi-bin/general/Qpublic/do.Q.cgi?qname=goatherderr&single
Get goat error records by herd - Get goat error records by herd - outputoutput
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Additional AIPL Web ResourcesAdditional AIPL Web Resources
http://aipl.arsusda.gov/docs/goatsfs.html
• Documentation of evaluation process Data requirements Statistical models Trait definitions
http://aipl.arsusda.gov/links.html
• Links to other resources including DHI, DRPC, and ADGA
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Recent ChangesRecent Changes
• New web query for accessing data by animal name
• Yield data since 1998 extracted from the master file each run incorporates corrections, deletions,
and ID changes
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Future PlansFuture Plans
• Move calculations of goat evaluations to new computer Possible use of dairy cattle programs
• Add Productive Life and somatic cell score evaluations for goats Value to producers Staff resources required
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Test Day ModelTest Day Model
• Test day replaces lactation yield in evaluation model
• Advantages Improved accounting of environmental effect Allows for genetic differences in persistency
and rate of maturity
• Impeded by Cornell Research Foundation Patent Currently challenged in Canada and EU No licensing agreement has been reached
