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Safety Tips
Protect YourselfAvoid contact with Voltage
or Current Sources
Use shrouded test leads and alligator clips.
Connect leads to oscilloscope first.
Connect probe to ground before connecting to high.
Familiarize yourself with the manual.
Intensity Knob• This knob adjusts the brightness of
the display
• If no trace is seen, it may be because theintensity knob is set too low.
Signal Inputs (1 & 2)
• These connections are used to connectcoaxial cable, probes, etc. to the oscilloscope.
• The outside of the connector is grounded.
Oscilloscope Calibration• To check the oscilloscope calibration, connect
a probe to channel one and to the calibrationprong.
• If the oscilloscope does not read approx. 5Vand 1.2 kHz, notify lab supervisor.
Probe Calibration• With the probe still connected to the
calibration prong, check to see if the wave issquare.
• If the wave is not square, use a smallscrewdriver to adjust the probe until the waveis square.
Properly Calibrated Overcompensated Undercompensated
Connecting a Signal• Make sure the input voltage level 400 V.
• Connect a BNC cable or a probe to a channelinput.
• Connect the other end of the cable or probeto the device to be measured.
Positioning a Signal Vertically• Use the vertical position knob (located above
the channel input connector) to position thesignal vertically on the screen.
Positioning a SignalHorizontally
• Use the delay knob to move the signalhorizontally.
• Note the value displayed on the status line.
Setting the Time Base
• Turn the time/div knob to adjust the sweepspeed (time base).
• The sweep speed has a range from 2ns to 5s.
Using the Level Knob• Use the level knob to set the trigger
voltage.
• The screen will display the trigger level ininverse video and a horizontal linerepresenting the trigger location.
Source Menu
• Use this menu to assign a trigger source.
• The choices are line, CH1, CH2 and external.
Mode Menu
• Use this menu to choose a trigger mode.
• The choices are auto level, auto, normal,single, and TV.
Voltage Menu• Use this menu to make automatic voltage
measurements.
• Measurements include peak to peak voltage,rms voltage, max voltage, etc. The choice is made using the softkeys below the display.
Cursor Menu• This menu brings up a list of cursor
commands and activates the cursor knob.
• The cursors can be used to measure specificvoltages, times, etc.
addition menu
position knob
volts per division volts per division
position knob
channel menu channel menu
cursor menuvoltage menu
print/utilityautoscale
cursor knobtrace menu
time menusetup menu
display menu
Presentation byTimothy Cameron, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Mechanical EngineeringGMI Engineering & Management Institute
Visual Aids and Production Assistance byMark Sawko
Senior, Manufacturing Systems Engineering, GMIJeff Hana
Freshman, Engineering, GMI
Equipment Provided byAgilent Technologies, Electronic Measurement Division
Protect Yourself: Avoid contact with Voltage or Current Sources• Use shrouded test leads and alligator clips.• Leads: Connect to oscilloscope first;
Connect/disconnect at source so loose lead is dead.• Connect probe to ground before connecting to high.
Protect the Scope:• 400V maximum on input.• Use probes to reduce high voltages.• Be familiar with user’s guide.
Safety Tips
Front Panel Features
Intensity Ground
Power
Inputs External Trigger
Measurement
Vertical Scale
Storage
Triggering
Hortizontal Scale
Save/Recall
Calibration
Autoscale/Display/Print
Duty Cycle - Pulse Waveforms
THIGH
TLOW
TLOW
THIGH
50%Duty Cycle
20%Duty Cycle
Duty Cycle = % of Period where signal is high
Square Wave:50% Duty Cycle
• Autoscale
• Main/delay,Risetime, Falltime,Vmax, Vmin, Vtop, Vbase
Cable ImpedancePatch Cords vs. Z-matched Co-ax
Beam Frequency & Damping
x(t)
1
2
-1
-20 0.02 0.10.04 0.06 0.08
12
3 4
x0
Tn
x4
n Tn
2 rad s
LogarithmicDecrement
1 x
2
n xnln
Equation of Motion ( mass normalized )
x t nx t n x t f tm
..( )
.( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2
o
• Magnitude and Phase Relationships
• Impedance Notation
• Impedance Examples
• Impedance Measurement
Impedance
Magnitude & Phase Relationships
Magnitude Ratio
GA
AV
R
Phase
t
T360
timereferencesignal
variablesignal
Ar
Av
T
t
Impedance NotationIm(Z)
Re(Z)R
XG
Magnitude/Phase Notation
Z G
G Z R X
XR
›
| |
tan
2 2
1
Complex Notation
Z R jX
R Z G
X Z G
Re( ) cos
Im( ) sin
Impedance Examples
Electrical Curcuits (Ohm’s Law):
Mechanical Impedance:
Acoustic Impedance:
V I Z ZV
I
Force at a PointVelocity at the Point
Z Avg. Sound Pressure over Surface (p)Volume Velocity thru Surface (u)
Measurement Impedance
Without Probe With Probe
f = frequency (Hz)
Z
Rj f C
V
V
Z
R Z
GV
V
in
inin
o
in
in
o in
oo
in
11
2
20
log
Vin
Ro
Rin
Cin
Test instrument
Vo
Vin
Ro
Rp
Rin
Cin
Test instrument
ProbeCp
Vp
Z
Rj f C
V
V
Z
R Z Z
GV
V
p
pp
p
in
in
o in p
pp
in
11
2
20
log
For Agilent 54600B Digital OscilloscopeAgilent 54600B oscilloscope:
Rin = 1 MCin = 13 pf
Agilent 33120A function generator:R0 = 50
Agilent 10071A X10 probe:Tune to oscilloscope
Oscilloscope Calibration• Connect probe to calibration lead
• If oscilloscope does not read approx. 5V and1.2 kHz, contact Hewlett Packard.
Probe Calibration• Use calibration lead to check wave
squareness
• If wave is not square, use a small screwdriverto adjust the probe until the wave is square.
Properly Calibrated Overcompensated Undercompensated
Digital Advantages
• Image Storage - High Intensity• Negative Time• Simultaneous Multichannel Measurement
(No Chop or Alternate)• Automatic Measurements • Hardcopy Output • Export Data to Computer
Developed and Presented byTimothy Cameron, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Mechanical EngineeringGMI Engineering & Management Institute
Visual Aid and Production Assistance by GMI StudentsMark Sawko Jeff HanaSenior, Mfg Systems Freshman, Engrg
Technical AdvisorsMarsh Faber Gary HammondAgilent Technologies Professor, Mech Eng, GMI
Equipment Provided by Agilent Technologies
References
• Electronic Instrument Handbook, 2nd EditionClyde F. Coombs, EditorMcGraw-Hill, New York, 1995
• Electronic Test Measurements, Theory and ApplicationsRobert A. WittePrentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1993