USE OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE MATERIAL WHEAT HUSK ASH … · 2018. 7. 26. · Compressive strength IS:...

International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering &

Science (IJTIMES) Impact Factor: 5.22 (SJIF-2017), e-ISSN: 2455-2585

Volume 4, Issue 7, July-2018

IJTIMES-2018@All rights reserved 1096

USE OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE MATERIAL WHEAT HUSK ASH AND

CRUSHEDSTONE DUST IN DESIGN MIX CONCRETE BLOCK

Aman Mallik1, B.P.Mudgal

2, Manoj Sharma

3,

1Research Scholar, M. Tech, Institute of Professional studies,Gwalior,M.P,India.

2,3 Assistant Professor,Civil Engineering Department, Institute of Professional studies,Gwalior,M.P ,India.

Abstract

In this modern age the utilization of cement as Concrete is used commonly for the construction of

buildings,highways, Bridges,Dams, Tunnels and Various large structures. The shortage of conventional material

due to increased use of concrete ingredients has an important role in increasing the price of housing. Wheat husk

ask is an agricultural waste material which is burnt to form powdered ash.The Pozzolanic property of wheat husk

ash which helps to partially replaceof Cement and sand in concrete M25 mix design. The replaced material of wheat

husk ash and Crushed stone dustcan be used in M25 design mix of cement concrete with desired proportion

percentage of such as 0%,10%,20%,30%,40% and 50% along with Ordinary Portland Cement of grade 43,to

investigate the strength parameter of concrete block are Workability, Compressive strength ,Flexural strength and

Tensile strength.Thusthe resultwere compared with those of normal concrete with w/c ratio 0.50 keeping constant in

all the concrete mixes. Compressive strength, flexural strengthand split tensile strength of the concrete mixes used

in this experiment has been obtained after 7 days, 14 days and 28 days. The results of the experimental work showed

that replacement of Cement with Wheat husk ash and Fine aggregate with crushed stone dust increased up to40%

of compressive strength, up to 30% of split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete block. These results

were shown in the utilization of Wheat husk ash and crushed stone dust in construction industries for the

manufacturing of concrete block.

Key Words: Wheat husk ash, Agricultural waste, Ordinary Portland Cement,Compressive strength, Consistency,

Concrete block.

1.INTRODUCTION

Concrete is the most important building material in the world. In all construction purpose sand is utilized as a unique

raw material. Now a days this time River sand is being one of the most popular options for the fine aggregate of

concrete, But excess utilization of material has effected on environmental condition.Construction industriesplay

animportant role in developing countries like Iindia .Resuse of industrial and agricultural waste has actual ben efit for

environment and natural resources.Production of cement is increasing day by day atin a present time for manufacturing

purpose. This is leadingto amount of co 2produce and affects directly or indirectly to our enviroment .According to a

survey search 300 million tonnes of waste are being produce per year fromvarious agricultural and industrial processes.

These materials create so many problems these material s can not dispose and burnt etc .If we do these thing s it will

affectatmosphere, thereis only one solution to use theagricultural waste in contruction industry .

The use of waste has traditional material in construction and hence provides practical and economic advantages. The

proper utilization of these wastes conserves the natural resources and protects the environment.

The Wheat husk ash can also isused in manufacturing concrete block due to the following point:

(i). Large production of wheat in India and in the other country of world.

(ii).It is the staple food in majority of the country of the world and thus generates the husk in huge quantities per year.

(iii).After the wheat grain is collected, the husk and ash is thrown and causing environmental pollution.

(iv).Some percentage of husk serves as eatable for the domestic animals while excess is wasted.

(v).Organic wastes serves as good manure for plants.

(vi).It is helpful and cost effective material and low rising building.

(vi).It is an environmental eco-friendly construction material.

International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering & Science (IJTIMES) Volume 4, Issue 7, July-2018, e-ISSN: 2455-2585,Impact Factor: 5.22 (SJIF-2017)


Crushed Stone dust has been proposed as an alternative to river sand that gives additional benefits to concrete. Stone

dust is known to increase the strength of concrete over concrete made with equal quantities of river sand and it also

causes a reduction in the workability of concrete. On the other hand, the advantages aggregate industries which

produce crushed stone dust. The waste materials are used to affect the reduction in environment load and decrease the

production cost of concrete block as well as improving the quality of concrete .Stone dust is used as replacement of

fine aggregates in manufacture of concrete block. The utilization of stone dust for concrete blocks makes financially

advantage for construction and reduces air pollution in environment.

2.OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of our research project is to establish the goals and benchmarks for the advancement of concrete

technology that can reduce the consumption of natural resources and energy sources to utilize lesser to the burden of

pollutants on the environment in India.

The objectives of this experimental research project study are;

i).This project refers to the feasibility study of using the agricultural waste and crushed stone dust in concrete

production for the manufacturing of concrete block.

ii).The main objective and goal of our project is to throughout study the influence of agricultural materials and

utilization of agricultural waste material and crushed stone dust to increase the strength of the concrete block.

iii).It also includes comparing the material testing laboratory results and other results of blended concrete with the

usual or conventional concrete to use in this experiment.

iv).The other prime objective of our research project is to find out the appropriate mixing or blending in percentage of

agricultural waste of wheat husk ash and crushed stone dust in the concrete block which makes the concrete better than

conventionally used concrete by its strength and other properties of concrete using conventional materials, such as

cement and sand.

v).The main objective of our research and experimental investigation project is to propose a suitable method that can be

of great use in reducing pollution to great extent by proper utilization of waste in mix design.

vi).The objective also includes reducing the excessive emission of carbon di-oxide gas produced from the production of

concrete

3.MATERIAL USED

The materials used in this study include ordinary Portland cement, fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate, wheat husk

ash and crushed stone dust and water.

3.1.CEMENT

The most common cement material is ordinary Portland cement of 43 grades used in this type of experimental

construction. The standard consistency, setting time and specific gravity were tested in the laboratory. All the tests

were carried out in accordance with procedure laid down in IS 12269-1989.The details of physical properties of cement

is presented in table no 3.1.This cement is used with the agricultural waste material and crushed stone dust and

corresponding conventional concrete. The cement used in the test is ordinary Portland cement manufactured by ACC

Cement.

Fineness of Cement IS:4031( Part 1)-1996.

Specific Gravity IS:4031 (Part 11)-1988

Consistency IS: 4031 (Part 4)-1988

Initial setting time & Final setting time IS: 4031 (Part 5)-1988

Compressive strength IS: 4031 (Part 6)-1988



TABLE:-3.1

S.

No

Properties Test Method Results Standard Results

i Normal Consistency Vi cat’s Apparatus 32%

ii Soundness Chatlier’s Apparatus Expansion 3 mm <10 mm

iii Initial &Final Setting Time Vi cat’s Apparatus 85 minutes >300Min &<600 Min

iv Specific Gravity Pycnometer 3.14 3.15- 3.25

v Fineness Modulus Sieve 9 Micron 2.94% retain on 90

micron I.S sieve

<10%

vi Compressive Strength Universal Testing Machine N/mm2

3 Days 19.85 >16N

7 Days 23.45 >22 N

28 Days 35.98 >33 N

3.2.AGGREGETE

Normal River sand islocally available in the market from Damodar River and confirming to Zone II as per BIS (IS

383:1970) and Coarse Aggregate were used in this experiment. Coarse Aggregates used as 60% by weight of 20 mm

size below& 40% of 10 mm size of total aggregate may be taken.

The sieve analysis of aggregates -IS 383:1970 for graded aggregates.

Fineness modulus-IS: 383-1970

Specific gravity-IS: 2386 (Part 3)-1988

Bulk Density- IS: 2386 (Part 3)-1988

Impact test- IS: 2386(Part 4)-1963

TABLE: 3.2 Physical Properties of Wheat husk ash

S.no Physical properties Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate

I Fines modulus % 2.448 6.687

Ii Specific gravity 2.58 2.79

Iii Bulk density(Loose)(gm/cm3 ) 1.494 1.723

Iv Bulk Density (Compact)(gm/cm3) 1.617 1.86

V Water Absorption (%) 0.97 0.53

Vi Elongation Index (%) - 10.13

Vii Flakiness Index (%) - 11.20

Figure 3.2.1: Fine Aggregate



Table 3.3 Mechanical properties of Coarse aggregate

Property Coarse Aggregates BIS (IS:383-1970) Limits

Impact Value (%) 19.80 Less than 30% for wearing surface

and less than 45% for other than

wearing surface

Crushing Value (%) 24.30 Less than 30% for wearing Surface

and less than 45% for other than

wearing surface

Los Angles Abrasion Resistance (%) 21.96 Less than 30% for wearing surface

and less than 50% for other concrete.

Figure 3.2.1: Coarse Aggregates

3.4. CRUSHED STONE DUST:

Crushed stone dust are collected from milling plants and then dry in sun light for removing moisture and collected

crushed stone dust sieved through 30micron are used to remove impurties and large size particles,the dust are use less

than 30 micron particles.

TABLE: 3.4 Physical Properties of Crushed Stone dust

Properties Test Results

Specific gravity 2.62

Colour Grey

Form Powder

Odour Odourless

Moisture Content (%) 0.60

Sieve 0.90 mm

Hardness 3

Water Absorption 0.98%



Figure 3.4.1: Crushed Stone Dust

3.5. WHEAT HUSK ASH

Wheat husk ash in the present experimental study was obtained from village. Specific gravity test perform by

Pycnometer apparatus.

Table 3.5: Physical Properties of Wheat husk ash

Physical Properties Result Value

Physical state Solid non toxic

Appearance Fine

Particle size <45 micron

Colour Grey

Odour Odourless

Specific gravity 2.4

Table 3.6: Chemical Composition of Wheat Husk Ash

3.6. WATER:

In this research Portable water is used which is free from organic substance and used for mixing as well as curing of

concrete. It should be clean and free from impurities. Water is least expensive but most important ingredients of

concrete. The water used in the experiment which PH is less than 7.

Chemical Compound Test Value of Wheat husk ash(%)

Silica dioxide (SiO2) 43.22

Potassium Oxide (K2O) 11.30

Calcium Oxide (CaO) 5.46

Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) 0.84

Sodium Oxide (Na2O) 0.16

Chromium tri oxide(Cr2O3) 0.04

Sulphur tri Oxide (SO3) 0.02

Magnesium Oxide (MgO) 0.99

Loss of ignition % 37.97



4.METHODOLOGY

The Indian standard code used(IS:10262-2009),design mix forM25 grade of concrete was prepared by Partially

replacement of Cement and fine aggregate with six different percentage by weight of Wheat husk ash and crushed

stone dust (0%, 10%,20%,30%, 40% and 50%).The design mix proportion for M25 grade of concrete containw/c=0.5

with varying percentage of Wheat husk ash and crushed stone dust is presented in Table 4.0.

Table 4.0: Mix proportion for M25 grade concrete to mild exposure condition.

S.N0 Cement Fine Aggregate Course Aggregates Water Admixture

01 383.2 kg/m3 800.94 kg/m

3 1087.75 kg/m

3 191.6 kg/m

3 4.35 kg/m

3

4.1.WORKABILITY:

The workability is one of the most important physical parameter of concrete which affect the strength and durability,

and also affect the appearance of the finished structure has been. It is observed that degree of workability is medium as

per BIS(IS:456-2000) for normal concrete. The workability of concrete depends on the water cement ratio and water

absorption capacity of constitute of material used. Water added is more which will leads to bleeding or segregation of

aggregate. The test for the workability of concrete is given by Indian standard. It is also observed that as the percentage

of Wheat husk ash and crushed stone dust increase from 0% to 30%, the mix become stiffer and workability results in

low sump value. Low slump value may have great impact on the workability of concrete.

4.1.1. Slump cone Test

The test are perform according to IS 1199-1959 is followed, compaction factor value decreace as increace the

percentage of wheat husk ashand crushed stone dust because wheat husk ashrequired lot of water so concrete becom

less stiff (less workable)table show the result .The higher the slum value ,the greater its ability to work easier in

construction site. As the percentage of Wheat husk ash and crushed stone dust is increase then Workability is reducing.

The reason for this is the water absorption of wheat husk ash and crushed stone dust.

4.2.COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST:

Compressive strength test inlaboratory method for concrete cube has because foundthe desirable characteristics

properties of design mix concrete are related to its compressive strength. Compressive strength test is done as per

IS516-1959.The compressive strength test was made using Compressive Testing Machine (CTM) of 2000 KN capacity.

The compressive strength of M25 grade of concrete cube was tested using sample of 150mm x150mmx150mm cube

specimen. The strength of concrete cubes was tested at an age of 7 days, 14 days and 28 days after curingat 270 C.And

the results obtained are reported in table no 4.3and also shown in graph 4.3.1.Where replacement of Cement with

Wheat husk ash fine aggregatewith crushed stone dust in %age, in concrete 7 days test has been conducted to check the

gain in initial strength of concrete and after 14 days and 28 days curing it test gives the final strength of concrete.

Figure- 4.1.2 Curing of M25 grade cube



Figure 4.1.3 Cube are testing under compressive strength test machine

4.3. FLEXURAL STRENGH TEST:-

Flexural strength test is done as per IS: 516- 1959. Beams are tested for flexure in Universal testing machine of

capacity 500 KN as shown in fig 4.1.4 and the results obtained are prepared in table 4.4 and also shown in graph

4.4.1.Flexural strength is measure for M25grade of concrete. It is a measure of an unreinforced concrete beam or slab

to resist failure in bending. It is measured in the dimension of specimen of 100 mm x 100 mm x 500 mm. Flexural

strength is about 10% to 20% of compressive strength depending upon the type, size and volume of coarse aggregates

that are used. The best results of material are obtained by laboratory tests for design mix concrete. The flexural strength

is determined by third point loading. The flexural strength Test is done graphs which show the 7 days, 14 days and

28days strength of the concrete mix. The flexural strength required following formula.

1. Flexural strength= PL/bd2

When;a > 20 cm for 15cm specimen

a>13.33 cm for 10 cm specimen

2.Flexural strength = 3 Pa/bd2

When; 17cm < a< 20 cm for 15cm specimen

13.33 cm < a < 11 cm for 10cm specimen

a= Distance between the line of fracture nearer the support.

b= Width of the specimen (cm)

d=Failure point depth (cm)

L= Supported length (cm)

P= Failure load (N)

Figure 4.1.4 Flexural strength test



4.4. SPLIT TENSILE STRENGH TEST:-

Testing for split tensile strength of concrete is done as specimen prepared in this experimental research paper.

Theconcrete mix is prepared for M25 grade and sand is replaced by Wheat husk ash and crushed stone dustof certain

percentage. Split tensile strength is done as per IS: 5816 -1999.The test on compression testing machine of capacity

2000 KN as shown in fig 4.5, and shown in graph 4.5.1.The dimension of cylinder D= 150 mm and H=300 mm.The

cylinderisplaced horizontally under compression testing machine and theload is applied till failure of the cylinder.The

Split Tensile Test is done ingraphs which show the 7 days 14 days and 28days strength of the concrete mix, Graph also

says, there is increase in strength as compared to conventional concrete.The split tensile strength is calculated by

following formula.

T= 2P/3.14LD

Where; T= Tensile strength

P = Maximum Load in Newton’s applied to the Specimen

L= Length of the specimen in mm

D= Cross section diameter dimension of specimen in mm

Figure 4.1.5 Split tensile Strength

Table 4.1. Quantity estimation and Planning of testing work

Description Compressive strength test Flexural strength test Split tensile test

Specimen Cube Beam Cylinder

Specimen Size (mm) 150x150x150 100x100x500 D=150& H=300

No of Specimen 3 3 3

Days of Testing 7,14,28 7,14,28 7,14,28

Total No of Specimen for one

series

9 9 9

Volume of each Specimen(m3) 0.003375 0.005 0.0053

Volume of all Specimen

(m3)for one series

0.030375 0.045 0.0477

Total Specimen for all series 9x6=54 9x6=54 9x6=54

Total Volume for all series(m3) 0.18225 0.270 0.2862

Total weight of concrete= 1772.28 kg

Total volume of concrete= 0.7384 m3



5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Workability (Slump Test):

Table 4.2 Details of mix proportion for Wheat husk ash and crushed stone dust

Amount of

WHA and

CSD in %

Cement

(kg)

WHA

(kg

Fine

Aggregates

(kg)

CSD

(kg)

Coarse Aggregate(kg) W/C

Ratio

Slump

(mm)

CA

8mm

below

CA

12mm

below

0 383.2 0.00 800.940 0.00 435.1 652.62 0.50 85

10 383.2 19.16 720.846 40.047 435.1 652.62 0.50 76

20 383.2 38.32 640.752 80.094 435.1 652.62 0.50 70

30 383.2 57.48 560.658 120.141 435.1 652.62 0.50 65

40 383.2 76.64 480.564 160.188 435.1 652.62 0.50 62

50 383.2 95.80 400.470 200.235 435.1 652.62 0.50 60

Table Represent Details of mix proportion for Wheat husk ash and crushed stone dust

Graph 4.2.1 Slump test results of mix proportion

Graph Represents Slump test results of mix proportion

5.2 Compressive strength:

Table 4.3: Analysis of Compressive Strength test results (N/mm2) of concrete

Mix Id Compressive Strength (N/mm2) % Increase or Decrease in strength over Normal

concrete

7 days 14 days 28 days 7 days 14 days 28 days

WCP0 22.80 26.36 33.20 - - -

WCP10 23.86 27.69 34.65 +4.65 +5.04 +4.36

WCP20 24.44 28.05 35.89 +7.19 +6.41 +8.10

WCP30 24.56 28.20 35.97 +7.71 +6.98 +8.34

WCP40 23.76 27.20 33.56 +4.21 +3.18 +1.08

WCP50 21.36 25.30 32.69 -6.31 -4.02 -1.53

Table Represents Analysis of Compressive Strength test results (N/mm2) of concrete

0

20

40

60

80

100

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

S

L

U

M

P

Amount of WHA and CSD in Percentage

Amount of WHA and CSD in

%

Slump (mm)



Graph 4.3.1 % replacement of WHA+CSD vs. Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

Graph Represents WHA + CSD Vs. Compressive Strength

5.3 Flexural Strength:

Table 4.4: Analysis of Flexural Strength test results (N/mm2) of concrete

Mix Id Flexural Strength (N/mm2) % Increase or Decrease in strength over Normal

concrete


WCP0 3.08 4.28 5.46 - - -

WCP10 3.15 4.34 5.68 +2.27 +1.40 +4.02

WCP20 3.24 4.38 5.76 +5.19 +2.33 +5.49

WCP30 3.28 4.41 5.80 +6.49 +3.03 +6.22

WCP40 2.89 3.80 4.62 -6.16 -11.21 -15.38

WCP50 2.56 3.67 4.26 -16.88 -14.25 -21.97

Graph 4.4.1 % replacement of WHA+CSD Vs. Flexural Strength (N/mm2)

Graph Represents of WHA+CSD Vs. Flexural Strength.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

WCP0 WCP10 WCP20 WCP30 WCP40 WCP50

C

o

m

p

r

e

s

s

i

v

e

S

t

r

e

n

g

t

h

Design Mix Proportion Percentage

Compressive Strength (N/mm2) 7 days



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7


F

l

e

x

u

r

a

l

S

t

r

e

n

g

t

h

Design Mix Proportion Ration

Flexural Strength (N/mm2) 7 days





5.4 Split Tensile Strength:

Table 4.5: Analysis of Split Tensile Strength test results (N/mm2) of concrete

Mix Id Split Tensile Strength (N/mm2) % Increase or Decrease in strength over Normal

concrete


WCP0 2.90 3.10 3.94 - - -

WCP10 3.12 3.13 4.00 +7.58 +0.96 +1.52

WCP20 3.14 3.15 4.04 +8.27 +1.62 +2.53

WCP30 3.16 3.17 4.25 +8.96 +2.25 +7.86

WCP40 2.98 2.84 3.76 +2.75 -8.38 -4.56

WCP50 2.76 2.59 3.30 -4.82 -16.45 -16.24

Graph 4.5.1 % replacement of WHA+CSD Vs. Split Tensile Strength (N/mm2)

Table 4.6: Abstract of the test result of 7 days

Mix Id Compressive

Strength

(N/mm2)

Flexural

Strength(N/mm2)

Split Tensile

Strength(N/mm2)

Fracture Strength=0.7(fck)0.5

(N/mm2)

WCP0 22.80 3.08 2.90 3.34

WCP10 23.86 3.15 3.12 3.41

WCP20 24.44 3.24 3.14 3.46

WCP30 24.56 3.28 3.16 3.47

WCP40 23.76 2.89 2.98 3.41

WCP50 21.36 2.56 2.76 3.23

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5


S

p

l

i

t

T

e

n

s

i

l

e

S

t

r

e

n

g

t

h

Design Mix Proportion Ration

Split Tensile Strength (N/mm2) 7 days






Mix Id Compressive

Strength

(N/mm2)

Flexural

Strength(N/mm2)

Split Tensile

Strength(N/mm2)

Fracture Strength=0.7(fck)0.5

(N/mm2)

WCP0 26.36 4.28 3.10 3.59

WCP10 27.69 4.34 3.13 3.68

WCP20 28.05 4.38 3.15 3.70

WCP30 28.20 4.41 3.17 3.71

WCP40 27.20 3.80 2.84 3.65

WCP50 25.30 3.67 2.59 3.52


Mix Id Compressive

Strength

(N/mm2)

Flexural

Strength(N/mm2)

Tensile

Strength(N/mm2)

Fracture

Strength=0.7(fck)0.5

(N/mm2)

WCP0 33.20 5.46 3.94 4.03

WCP10 34.65 5.68 4.00 4.12

WCP20 35.89 5.76 4.04 4.19

WCP30 35.97 5.80 4.25 4.20

WCP40 33.56 4.62 3.76 4.05

WCP50 32.69 4.26 3.30 4.00

6. CONCLUSION

The usage of Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust in concrete improved its quality in terms of strength. The

following conclusions were based on the study and the test result.

(i).The Compressive strength of Concrete increases up to 40% after replacing Cement withWheat husk ash and Fine

aggregate with Crushed stone dust and further increasing of percentage of Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust

leads to decrease in compressive strength of concrete.

(ii).The Split tensile strength of concrete increases up to 30% after replacing of cement withWheat husk ash and Fine

aggregate with crushed stone dust & further increasing of percentage of Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust

leads to decrease in Split tensile strength of concrete.

(iii).The Flexural strength increases up to 30% after replacing of Cement with Wheat husk ash and fine aggregate with

Crushed stone dust and further increases in the percentage of Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust leads to

decrease in flexural strength.

(iv).It is concluded that the Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust can be used as a replacement material for Cement

and fine aggregates,40% replacement of cement with Wheat husk ash and fine aggregate with Crushed stone dust

gives an excellent result in strength, as compared to the normal concrete.

(v).Use of these waste material leads to sustainable development in construction industry.

(vi).To save the environment, Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust may be used as better partial substitute as

aBetter partial substitute as a replacement of sand in concrete.

7. SCOPE OF THE FUTURE WORK

This project was mainly focused on the partial replaced of Ordinary Portland cement with Wheat husk ash and fine

sand replaced with crushed stone dust at different percentage level in concrete. Research may be conducted on other

properties and uses of Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust in the near future to make this product a precious

building material to improve the quality of building construction. In this research paper it has helped to manufacture

concrete block in masonry work and partition wall in the building. Other types of study that can be included with

Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust may be listed as below;



(i).Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust concrete as an acoustic building structure.

(ii).The chemical attack on Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust concrete structure.

(iii).The durability of Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust concrete as an underwater structure manufacture of

concrete block.

(iv).Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust used to manufacture concrete block structures for low cost building is

earth quake resistant.

(v).Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust concrete with plasticizer for higher grade of concrete which help to design

of concrete block.

(vi).Study of Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust concrete varies with the water cement ratio.

(vii). Only the basic study of use of Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust in concrete production is investigated,

therefore further investigation is required on the study of durability of concrete made masonry block for building work

by Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dust blended cement.

(viii). Further study can be done for determine the deflections and durability of concrete containing Wheat husk ash

and Crushed stone dust .

(ix).In future the flexural strength of beam may be observed by increasing the sizes of beam under load condition on

concrete block masonry.

(x).The characteristics strength of concrete can be studied with control mix of Wheat husk ash & Crushed Stone Dust.

(xi).To studies the factors affects dry shrinkage and creep of Wheat husk ash and Crushed stone dustin production of

concrete block.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are very thankful to Asst.Prof. B.P. Mudgal and Asst. Prof. Manoj Sharma,Department of Civil Engineering,

Institute of Professional Studies Gwalior, M.P. who have been constant source of inspiration, guidance and

encouragement to carry out this work.

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