Use of Agro, Human & Animal waste to produce Gas to run Methane GasGenerator to electrify & to produce organic Manure

About the Project:Global warming means temperatures will likely rise at a rate of 0.3oC per decade if

current emission trends continue – a global warming rate faster than any in the last 10,000years. At this rate, temperatures would rise about 1oC by 2025 and 3oC before the end of thenext century. At the same time, sea levels would probably rise some 65 centimeters by 2100.

One of the most significant recent developments in climate change science is thegrowing understanding of the effect of ozone depletion and airborne particulates. Bothphenomena have had a cooling influence over some regions of the globe, and as a resultgreenhouse warming has been less pronounced than expected. CO2 and other greenhousegases warm the glove rather uniformly. Potentially uneven warming could influence atmosphericcirculation and the distribution of global warming effects. This in turn could change weatherpatterns or other climatic phenomena. CO2 the predominant greenhouse gas, is responsible forapproximately 60 percent of the greenhouse warming that has occurred since pre-industrialtimes. According to projections, CO2 will play a similar role in the years ahead. Approximately 46percent of all carbon emissions remain in the atmosphere. A recent scientific report suggestedthat, if current patterns of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission continue over the next century, theworld’s climate may heat up for 500 years.

A little effort for this universal task to save the forests and fuel plants is tried here bysuggesting alternative fuel pattern.

Deification in open is very common in rural parts of India. This habit is very ugly, shamefulfor all, especially for women. It is unhealthy pollutes water and air very fast. This increasesmany diseases. To change the present scenario a special design of a complex of toilets isdeveloped by CSV Wardha. We were fully convinced that community latrines wouldcontinue to be unattended to and rejected as a concept. When we have to use the humanexcreta as a fuel we will have to use this specially designed complex. This complex oflatrines is directly connected to the biogas plant. The biogas plant specially designed whichwill run by the human night soil and Cattle dung available in the village. These communitylatrines will be maintained by the person specially appointed. One person will be appointedto take the care of generator i.e. operation and maintenance of the generator. One personwill take care of collection of Cattle dung or organic waste from the village and properoperation of the biogas plant. One Manager will look after the total activity of production,maintenance and supply of electricity.

Biogas Production using Human Excreta & Cattle dung

Amongst the possible alternatives for enhancing bio-energy productionfrom cattle dung digestion human excreta offers a promise. The presentstudy assess the digestibility of cattle dung alone and in combinationwith human excreta in various proportions. Results indicated that thepercent vs destruction increased from 29.64 to 37.05 when dung fromone cattle and night soil from one man were mixed. At the ratio of 1:3 ofdung and night soil the percent volatile solids destruction increased to

42.4 with a capillary suction time of only 354 seconds. Gas production showed an increase of14.5% and 31.0% at the minimum and maximum night soil addition. Sludge showed a goodmanurial value. Results indicated that excreta addition in any proportion is beneficial to cattledung digesters in terms of biogas generation, volatile solids and destruction. Dewatering of theresultant sludge was not affected and sludge manorial value was also very good.

With the gallping population pressures, exerting an ever increasing demand forindustrialization, urbanization and fuller exploitation of natural resources, new environmentalthreats are emerging while the existing ones remain unresolved. Many developmental projectsin the energy sector are natural resource based while renewable and refused based sources areavailable for exploitation. The planned growth of human settlements and Tinadequate healthand community services in rural and urban areas poses a serious environmental threat.

To

make rural sector economically healthy and to remove its health related problems, a proposalfor utilization of farm wastes for biogas production in rural sector appears to be a viableproposition. Generation of methane from cattle or human waste was reported in 1856 in India.

1. With the help of available waste material i.e. total sanitation of the village with the power generation

2. To establish the biogas plant running on human excreta and animal waste i.e. Cattle

3. Dung etc.

4. To run specially designed generator with methane carburettor and alternator.

5. To provide employment to the rural youth through this electricity generation activity and totalsanitation of the village.

6. To create the awareness of using CFL types lights to save the electricity.

Methodology:

1. This project is designed considering the village / community of 100 families. Each familyhaving average 5 members.

2. If 500 persons uses toilets. 125 Kgs. Night soil will be collected @ 250 gms / person.

3. 500 persons from 100 families will use the toilet. For four families one toilet will be allotted.In this manner a complex of 25 toilets will be constructed.

4. From 50 Cattles’ in the village 500 Kgs. Cow dung will be collected.

5. Total biomass available is 625 Kgs. This much quantity allows us the biogas production of30 Cu.M.

6. It is difficult to construct and operate the huge biogas plant of capacity 30 Cu.M.

5 Biogas plants each of 6 Cu.M. will be constructed

7. With the help of this available gas 7.5 KW electricity can be produced for 8 to 10 hours.

8. To save the electricity CFL lights will be recommended to use.

9. Rent for electrical consumption will be charged from each family by the half rate i.e. beingcharged by electrical board. Through this revenue collected the wages will be given to themaintenance staff.

10. Organic manure produced through the biogas plants will be given to the farmers who gavethe cattle dung for these biogas plants free of cost.

11. Electric Bill for the consumption of power from each family per month will be collectedRs.150/- per month averagely. [Rs.150 x 100 families x 12 months = Rs.1,80,000/-]

Total revenue collected per year i.e. Rs.1,80,000/- using this amount total project cost canbe recouped in 6 years. [1,80,000 x 6 years = Rs.10,80,000/-]

12. Calculated approximate Consumption for 100 families

1. 18 W Lights .. 300 Nos. = 5400 Watts

2. 60 W Fans .. 50 Nos. = 3000 Watts

3. 5 W Lights .. 200 Nos. = 1000 Watts4. 11 W Street lights 10 Nos. = 100 Watts

Total .. 8600 Watts = 8.6 KW Out of which 7.5 KW consumption at a time (for theperiod of 8 to 10 Hours) see annexure …..

A N N E X T U R E

ADVANTAGES CFL

CFLs are energy efficient. And the saving potential is immense

100 Watt incandescent bulb 20 Watt CFLPower consumption per hour 100 Watt 20 WattTotal Power consumed in 1000 hour 100,000 Watt 20,000 wattTotal electricity consumed in 1,000 hour (1unit – 1000 watt)

100 units 20 units

Assume electricity rate per unit is Rs.4,then total cost of electricity consumed in1,000 hour.

Rs. 400 Rs.80

Money saving in 1,000 hour Rs. 400 – Rs. 80 = Rs.320Money saving in 7,000 hour by savingelectricity

Rs. 320 x 7 = Rs. 2,240/-

If average cost of CFL is Rs.150 and runsfor 7,000 hr., it means 7 ordinary bulbs arerequired to replace one CFL

Assume the cost 100 watt bulb is Rs.12, thencost of 7 bulbs Rs. 12 x 7 = Rs.84/-

Assume cost of 1 CFL bulb isRs.150 x 1 = Rs. 150/-

Difference = Rs. 150 – Rs. 84 = Rs.66/-Net saving of money from 20 watt CFL in 7year including all charges

= Rs. 2,240 – Rs. 66 = Rs. 2,174/-

Environmental pollution and resource consumption

Comparison of resource consumption and pollution potential of incandescent bulb and CFLfor running 1000 hour

100 Watt incandescent bulb 20 Watt CFL

Coal consumption 71 Kg. Of coal consumed forrunning 1,000 hr.

14.2 Kg.of coal consumed forrunning 1,000 Hr.

CO2 emission 99.7 Kg. Of CO2 released 19.94 Kg. Of CO2 released

SO2 emission 722 gram of SO2 released 114.4 gram of SO2 released

NO x emission 47 gram NO x released 9.4 gram of NO x released

Particular matter 300 gram of particulate matter 60 gram of particulate matter

Fuel Oil 260 ml of fuel oil consumed 52 ml of fuel oil consumed

Water consumption 535 litre of water consumed 107 litre of water consumed

Fly ash generation 25 Kg of ash generated 5 Kg of ash generated

Mercury emission 18 milligrams of mercurygenerated

3.6 milligrams of mercurygenerated

Note: Average life of an ordinary bulb and CFL are around 1,000 hour and 7000 hour respectively.

100 watt incandescent bulb 20 watt CFL

Total electricity consumed in1000 hr.

100 KWh 20 KWh

Assuming mercury emission is0.18 mg for generating perKWh, then total emission ofmercury in 1000 hour.

18 milligrams (mg) 3.6 mg

Assuming 7000 hour is the lifeof CFL bulb. It means 7ordinary bulbs are required toreplace one CFL. Then totalmercury emission in 7000 hour.

18 mg x 7 = 126 mg. 3.6 mg x 7 = 25.2 mgAverage mercurycontent in CFL bulb isaround 4 mg, totalemission of mercury inthe entire lifespan ofCFL 25.2 + 4 mg = 29.2mg.