Use of Antibiotics in Livestock,
Human Health Concerns
Cedric R. Müntener
Institut of veterinary pharmacology, Vetsuisse Faculty,
University of Zürich
”Blackbox”
Antimicrobials
Resistances
Animals Humans
Antibiotics
Resistances
Sales / Use In- / Outpatients
P(SelectionH)P(SelectionA)
??
P(TransferA-H)
P(TransferH-A)
Intensity Intensity
“If you can not measure it, you
can not improve it.”
W. Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, 1824-1907
mg AB/kg biomass, humans vs. animals
12 EU member states
2nd JIACRA report, 2017; DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4872
Country Slaughtered
pigs (Mio)
Biomass pigs1
(1000 t)
AB pigs (t) mg/kg
slaughtered pigs1
CH 2.83 185 18.82 101.9
FR 24.07 1’565 330.72 211.3
CN 670.943 43’6123 34’0003 779.6
Normalized sales, pigs, 2011(2012)
1Average weight @ treatment, ESVAC: 65 kg2Data from national reports (Müntener, Chevance et al., not published)
3Extrapolated data (2012) from Krishnasamy et al., 2015
Un
der
em
barg
o u
ntilO
ct.
2018
Aggregated sales, veterinary antimicrobials
25 EU/EEA countries
8th ESVAC report, EMA, 2018
2nd JIACRA report, 2017; DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4872
x 2
x 130
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Pigs
# ther. courses 8’663’191 7’686’268 7’184’114 6’674’046 5’914’349
Slaughtered1 2’839’106 2’773’726 2’689’576 2’751’721 2’753’256
Intensity* 3.051 2.771 2.671 2.425 2.148
Calves
# ther. courses 1’828’599 1’687’942 1’636’930 1’521’050 1’407’450
Slaughtered1
261’308 256’471 252’118 251’509 236’343
Intensity* 6.998 6.581 6.493 6.048 5.955
Stebler R., Master Thesis, MAS Managed Care, ZHAW School of Management and Law
* # potential therapeutic courses per animal and year1BFS, Federal office of statistics
Number of therapeutic courses and intensity*
Switzerland, 2011-2015
350
25
PIDvet %
0 – 25 7.4
25 – 75 45.3
75 – 125 42.1
125 – 250 4.7
250 - 350 0.5
Schnetzer et al., Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk., 10.17236/sat00121
PIDvet: Prescribed daily doses per 1000 indiv. per dayPremixes in pigs, per farm, Canton of Lucerne, Switzerland, 2011
Median, 2011: 64.76
12
13Alban et al., Assessment of the risk to Public health due to Use of antimicrobials in Pigs: an
example of Pleuromutilins in Denmark, doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00074
“If you think you understand
antimicrobial resistance it hasn’t
been explained to you properly»Loosely based on A. Einstein
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