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Distribution authorized to U.S. Gov't. agenciesand their contractors;Administrative/Operational Use; JUL 1960. Otherrequests shall be referred to PicatinnyArsenal, Dover, NJ.
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H31 1 1 1 1 ( 1 1 57USADACTECHNICALLIBRARY 201066782
TECHNICALREPORT2693 PB147852
USE OFCLOSED BOMB TEST METHODSFORASSESSING 81 MM MORTARPROPELLANT
^.ESTERHULMAN .OUISOTTE I
JULY960
TECHNICAL LIBRARY
PICATINNY RESEARCH CENTERPICATINNYARSENALDOVER,N . J .
ORDNANCEPROJECTOACA6-25-57D E P T .OF THE ARMY PROJECT - NONE
COPYM
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Donotreturn.
ADDIT IONALOPIESRequestsordditionalopiesfhiseportshouldemadeoArmedervicesTechnicalInformation Agency, Arlington Hall Station,
1. . . . I ,
'
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USEOFC LO S E DBOMBTESTMETHODSFORASSESSING8 1MMMORTARPROPELLANT
by
LesterhulmanLouisottci
Ju ly96 0
PicatinnyesearchCenterPicatinnyArsenal
Dover, ..
Technicaleport2693OrdnanceProject: ACA6-25-57Deptofth erm yProject:one
&proveV2/ 0L. .R IKSEN Chief,ExplosivesandPropellantsaboratory
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TABLEO FCONTENTSPage
ObjectSummaryConclusionsRecommendationsIntroductionResults 2 DiscussionfResultsExperimentalProcedureReferencesDistributionList 0 Table
1omposition% )ndDimensionsfM 9Propellant2ummaryfClosedBombResults3ummaryfBallisticFiringResults4omparisonfActualndCalculatedVelocities5omparisonfActualndCalculatedPressures
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OBJECTToestablish basisorsinglosed
bombestingnplaceflightestingas meansfssessing1mmmortarincrementpropellant.
SUMMARYTheesultsbtainedrom20losed
bombiringsnd80roofiringsftestsamplesepresenting4productionotsofM 5ncrementropellantorhe1mm mortarndicate ighegreeforrela-tion,shownyhetatisticalH'test.Onhebasisfheseesults,qua-tionselatinglightvelocitiesndmortartubepressuresolosedombarametersareerived.Withhesequations,ve-locitiesndpressuresforhe1mmmor-tarcanbepredictedwithin2.3%nd4.9%,espectively.
CONCLUS IONS Basednheesultsflosedomb
andballisticestsperformedn4otsofM 5ncrementpropellantM 9ompo-sition)orhe1mmmortar,woqua-tionsavebeenerivedwhichaneusedopredictwitheasonableccu-racyhevelocitiesndpressurestobeexpectednthemortar.Thesequationscanesedorssessingnyvailable81mmncrementropellant.However,thesequationsreotpplicablefeitherheompositionrheeometryoftheotstesteddiffersbymorehan5%ro mheotstudiednhisnvesti-gation.Thisimitationsecessaryuetothetatisticallymallumberf
availableamplesndhekewnessftheistributionurvefheotssednthistudy.The%imitationdoesnotprohibithesefhequationsorassessingM 5ncrementpropellantincethecceptanceequirementsfPAPD-5 5Rev)ermit only 1.5%evia-tionnomposition.Forhiseason,anypropellantscceptablenderheabovepecificationhouldeeadilyassayedorpressurendvelocityharac-teristicsyhequationserivednhisinvestigation.
RECOMMENDAT I O NS Sincelosedombestingangreatly
expeditehessessmentfincrementpropellantorhe1mmmortar,ndsrelativelynexpensiveomparedohecostfproofiring,hismethodhouldbesedogetherwithrooffiringestsuntilufficientdatascquiredos-certainhevalidityfhequationse-rivedro mtheesultsfhisnvestiga-tion.Afterufficientoncurrentestinghasbeenompleted,nlyccasionalproofiringwilleequired.Itsecommendedhatfchangesn
theompositionreometryfhero-pellanto rhe1mmmortarrentici-pated,heroceduresfthisnvestiga-tionbesedoestablishnewquationsforvaluatinghepropellant.
INTRODUCTIONInOctober9 56astudywasconducted
atPicatinnyArsenalntheeasibility
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ofsinglosedombestingnsteadfprooffiringorhecceptancef0mmmortarpropellantRef).As esultequationswereerivedorpredictingtheallisticerformancenheasisoflosedombestesults. theon-clusionfhisnvestigation,he 8propellantorhe0nd1mmmortarsbecamebsoletendnM 9propellantcompositionwasubstituted.inceheexperimentalproceduresndmethodfanalysiswereonsideredoeeadilyapplicableoM 9propellant, tudywasbegunovaluatehepossibilityfc-ceptinghispropellantorhe1mmmortar.
WhenundsweressignedyOACorthelosedombestingfM 9ncrementpropellantorhe1mmmortar,twasfoundhaturrent 9propellantwase-ingcceptedccordingoAddendum5 1oPA-PD-55-Thispecificatione-quireshatheropellantecceptedonheasisfestsnhealiber30rifle.Sincehisestmethodoesotrelateoheerformancefheropel-lantnheompleteound,heatafromheseestsouldotesedorcorrelationwithlosedombests.twasfound,owever,hat4otsf 5 incrementswhichwerentorageadbeenestednhe1mmmortar.Theresultsbtainednhisnvestigation,therefore,reasednheestingfthesepropellants.
RE SUL T S Thehemicalompositionsfhe
lotsestedrehownnTable p5)-Theelativeuicknessndelative
forcevaluesndheirespectivetand-ardeviationsrehownnTable(p )Theesultsfroofiringestsinhe1mmmortarubereivennTable p). Onheasisfvaluesshownnheables,nquationelat-inghemuzzlevelocityndlosedomb testvalueswasderived.hequations:V 0.82RQ-0.35 F 718.80 (1 )
Where:V=muzzlevelocity,psRQ relativequickness,somparedwithtandardlotA-18-43,RF relativeorce,somparedwith
standardlotA-18-43, .A comparisonofthecalculatedvelocityval-uesro mquation ndhectualmuz-zlevelocitiesshownnTable p8).Indditionothequationorpredic-
tionfvelocities,nquationwase-rivedoralculatinghe1mmortartuberessuresro mlosedombest dataequation) .P 4.08Q+00 .95RF-5 3 3 5 (2 )
Where:P mortartuberessure,siThealculatedressurevaluesrom
equation andhectualressurevaluesareomparednTable p .
DISCUSS ION FRESULTSInrderodeterminewhetherhemuz-
zlevelocitiesndmortarpressures(Table)ndelativeorceTable)
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werero mdenticallydistributedopula-tions rank-sumest("H''est)wasperformed.Thequationusedforhis tests:
12R .'H 2-L-|-XN ) (3 )N(N ) \ N.Where:N totalumberoftestresultsNj numberoftestresultsofeach
parameterR j=rankofanytestresultineach
parameterTheolutionfequation or e-
sultedn valuef 0.128.Comparingthisvaluewithablevalues(5.99)fyJdistributionsivennReferenceprovesthatt 9 5%ertaintyevelhereisoignificantifferencebetweenve-locity,pressure,rrelativeorceopu-lations.Thisconclusionindicateshatballisticndlosedombdatahouldbeelatedmathematically.Thederiva-tionfquations nd orpredictingmuzzlevelocityndpressurero mclosedbombdatawasbasedn modificationofequations nd ivennRefer-ence.dV=1
and
Where:
d(RQ)-d(RF)10 0
d(RQ)-d(RF)100
f 1 0 0
\ 10 0
(4 )
(5 )
dV =differencebetweenthemuzzlevelocitiesoftestandreferencelots,nfps
V smuzzlevelocityofthereferencelot,nps
dp=differencebetweenpressureoftestndreferencelotsintheguntube,nsi
P =pressureofreferencelot,npsi1 1^, ndM ,=Sugot'sdifferen-tialoefficients(Theothertermswerepreviouslydefined.)Becauseheestndeferenceots
areimilarncompositionhedifferencebetweentheelativeorcevaluesismall.ThemportantlosedombparametersthedifferencebetweenheQndRF.Sinceodatawasvailableorthediffer-entialoefficientnhe1mmmortar,thesevalueswerebtainedro mhex-perimentaldata.ThiswasccomplishedbyistingheestesultsndescendingorderfheirbsolutedP/dt pressurevalues.Thehighestndowestvaluesinthisistweresubstitutednequations4and.inceoreferencelotadbeenusedntherooffiringftheestots, efer-encetandardwaselectednheasisofclosedombestesults.LotA18 43wasselectedbecausehedP/dtpressurevalueorthisotsheamesthemeanvalue.Allballisticndclosedomb valueswereeferredoA18 45ashestandard.Withhesevaluesubstitutednequations4and,hedifferentialoefficientswerebtainedyolvinghewoequationssimultaneously.Theifferentialoefficients
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werehenubstitutednquations nd5ndhequationswereimplifiedntotheo rmhownnquations nd.Themallifferencesnhetandard
deviationsofheestotsnTable(p ndicateheniformityfhepropellantsested.incetsstimatedthatheeproducibilityfthenstrumen-tationnmeasuringelativequicknessiswithin%,heontributionfthevariabilityfhe4otsfpropellanttestedvariesbetween.4nd. 0%.Thevariabilitynhemeasurementfrela-tiveorcesstimatedt.5/?,whichthenives angef.3o.0%orhevariabilityfhepropellant.inceela-tiveuicknessependsneometry,ndrelativeorcenomposition,tssti-matedhathevariabilityneometrywithinnyfheotsestedsesshanl?tndheniformityfheomposition iswithin%.
EXPERIMENTALPROCEDUREAhargeweightf1.82ramsf
eachfheestotswasburnednclosedombollowingheroceduresdescribednReference-Theseestsampleswereiredntil otalf0testswereompletedorachfhe
testots.romhedP/dtvsPracesofheseests,heveragedP/dtval-uestpproximately5000psindheaveragemaximumpressuresweree-termined.helosedombdatawasthenombinedwithheroofiringdataby methodimilarohatsednReference,ndquationselatinghemuzzlevelocitiesndmortaruberes-sureswithlosedombestesultswereobtained.
REFERENCES L. ixonndF.Massey,ntroduction
toStatisticalAnalysis,M cGraw-Hil l,1957
2 ...uPontdeNemoursndCompany,StandardProceduresforTestingSmoke-lessPowderinClosedBombs,Memo-randumReportNo.7,pril9 42
3..O.Pallingstonnd .Weinstein,MethodofCalculationofInteriorBallis-ticPropertiesofPropellantsfromClosedBombData,PicatinnyArsenalTechni-calReport005 ,une954
4.esterhulman,seofClosedBombDatafo rtheAssessmentof60mmMor-ta rIncrementPropellant,PicatinnyArsenalTechnicalReport350 ,October956
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TABLEComposition(% )ndDimensionsofM9Propellant
Nitrocelluloseotassiumthylength,iam,Lot13.25%N)itroglycerlnitrateentraliten.n.1A-18-39 58 . 33 39 .72 1.28 0.67 .0095 .06001 A-18-40 58.64 39 .48 1.17 0.71 .0093 .05891A-18-41 57.69 40.33 1.25 0.73 .0093 .05971A-18-42 58.34 39.62 1 .34 0.70 .0096 .05971 A-18-43 58.71 39.34 1.25 0.70 .0095 .06001 A-18-44 57.71 40.10 1.48 0.71 .0094 - 0 5 94 1A-18-45 58.59 3 9 . 3 5 1.35 0.71 .0093 .05941A-18-46 57.81 40.05 1 .39 0.75 .0097 - 0 5 971A-18-47 58.77 3 9 . 3 0 1.21 0.72 .0090 .05981A-18-48 58.66 39 .45 1.18 0.71 . 0093 .05921A-18-49 58.67 3 9 . 28 1.20 0.85 .0085 .06121 A-18-50 58.11 39.72 1 .37 0.80 .0086 .05961A-18-53 58.17 39.63 1.43 0.77 .0094 .05891A-18-54 57.43 40.50 1.31 0.76 .0095 .0597
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TABLESummaryof losedom bResults
Relative elativeQuickness,tdorce,td%evev97.63.5 100 .12.78101 . 5 2.6000.87.0 5 99.18.6000 .34.74101 . 05.5 200.79.2 6100 .00.0 300 .00.921 A-18-44 20 100.70.8500 .20.86
1A-18-45 20 101 .08.4 69.91.1 4 1A-18-46 20 99.54.739.68.0 5 1A-18-47 20 102 .08.3 600.88.821 A-18-48 20 100.84.759.89.0 4 1 A-18-49 20 99.75.7900 .23.1 2 1A-18-50 20 100 .54.799.81.951A-18-53 20 98.91.4 69.80.4 81A-18-54 20 99.41.629-77.4 3 No.ofLotNo. Tests1A-18-39 20 1A-18-40 20 1A-18-41 20 1 A-18-42 20 1A-18-43 20
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TABLESummaryfBallisticir ingesults
Muzzle AvgNo.of Velocity, Std Pre siure. Std
Loto . Toits tp Dev psi Dev1 A-18-39 10 764.3 3.3 8110 1501 A-18-40 9 757.9 1.5 8395 1761A-18-41 10 763.5 2.7 8550 195
1A-18-42 10 768.0 4.2 8635 2291A-18-43 10 766.3 2.2 8245 104 1 A-18-44 10 769.0 2.4 8340 102
1A-18-45 9 764.3 1.2 8385 1541 A-18-46 10 769.5 4.2 8390 861A-18-47 10 767.7 3.6 8410 132 1 A-18-48 10 769.7 2.7 8480 1331A-18-49051.21 .91 00141A-18-501A-18-5301A-18-540 768.3 5.2 8340 117761.2 9.6 8285 133772.1 2.3 8525 161
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TABLEComparisonofctua lndCalculatedVelocities
Relative Relative Calc Actualmple Quickness, Force, Velocity, Velocity, Diff, Diff,
% % fps fps fps % 47 102.08 100.88 767.7 767.7 0 0
45 101.08 99.91 767.2 764.3 + 2.9 0.3848 100.84 99.89 767.0 769.7 -.7 0.355 3 98.91 99.80 765.5 761.2 +.3 0.5650 100.54 99.81 766.8 768.3 -.5 0.2040 101.52 100.87 767.2 762.7 +.5 0.5944 100.70 100.20 766.8 769.0 -.2 0.2942 101.05 100.79 766.9 768.0 - 1 .1 0.14
43 100.00 100.00 766.3 766.3 0 0 46 99.54 99.68 766.0 769.5 -.5 0.4554 99.41 99.77 765.9 772.1 -.2 0.8049 99.75 100.23 766.0 751.2 +14.8 1.9741 99.18 100.34 764.7 763.5 + 1.2 0.1639 97.63 100.12 764.3 764.3 0 0
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TABLEComparisonfctualndCalculatedressures
RelativeSampleuickness, RelativealcctualForce,ressure,ressure,iff,iff,%sisisi47 102.08 100.88 8416 8410 + 6 0 45 101.08 99.91 8187 8385 -198 2.448 100.84 99.89 8175 8480 -305 3.65 3 98.91 99.80 8090 8285 -195 2.450 100.54 99.81 8148 8340 -192 2.340 101.52 100.87 8395 8395 0 0 44 100.70 100.20 8232 8340 -108 1.342 101.05 100.79 8363 8635 -272 3.143 100.00 100.00 8168 8245 -7 0.946 99.54 99.68 8088 8390 -302 3.6
54 99.41 99.77 8102 8525 -423 4.949 99.75 100.23 8205 8100 + 105 1.341 99.18 100.34 8208 8550 -342 4.03 9 97.63 100.12 8110 8110 0 0
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D ISTR IBUT IONL IST ThisreportdistributedinccordancewithJointArray-Navy-AirForceMailingListo rtheDistributionofSolidPropellantTech-nical Information, dated 1 M arch I960
10