JKP “BEOGRADSKE ELEKTRANE”JKP “BEOGRADSKE ELEKTRANE”
Radmilo SaviRadmilo Savićć, , M.Sc.M.EM.Sc.M.E..
Use of pellets and briquets in
District Heating Company of
Belgrade – first experience
Use of pellets and briquets in
District Heating Company of
Belgrade – first experience
Wood Energy Workshop: “Woody biomass –the fuel of
choice for Serbia”Privredna komora Srbije, Beograd
03.12.2008.
SERBIA
���� Serbia lays between 19o and 23o of east geographic length and 41o to 45o of north geographic width.���� The climate is continental moderate. ���� Population 7,5 million. ���� Capital, Belgrade with 2million inhabitancies is
situated on 132 m altitudeand has an average temp.of 11,9 oC and rel. hum. of 71%.���� Due to moderate climateindividual heating in smallplaces and parts of big citiesis present, while DH is presented in bigger towns.
Beograd
Novi SadB.Palanka
Zrenjanin
Pancevo
Loznica
Sabac
Obrenovac SmederevoPozarevac
Subotica
Sombor
VrbasBecej
S.Mitrovica
Nis
Knjazevac
Zajecar
Bor
Majdanpek
Pristina
K.Mitrovica
Novi Pazar
Pljevlja
Vranje
Leskovac
Pirot
Djakovica
KragujevacJagodina
BatocinaG.Milanovac
Trstenik
Krusevac
Kraljevo
CacakUzice
Priboj
B.Basta
Kosjeric
Valjevo
Vrsac
Negotin
Kladovo
Kikinda
Senta
Nova Varos
Prijepolje
HEATING IN SERBIA
���� Individual heating: electrical, woods, coal, natural gas
���� Local boiler station: coal, light fuel oil, heavy fuel oil
���� District Heating: natural gas, heavy fuel oil, coal
Number of flates in Serbia 3.200.000. 100%
Flates with electrical heating 1.440.000. 45%
Flates connected on DH or local boiler stations 800.000. 25%
Flates heating with woods, coal etc. 640.000. 20%
Flates on individual heating with natural gas 320.000. 10%
District heating
DH in SERBIA
� In 55 towns� Installed capacity 7000 MWth
(40 % in Belgrade)� Average age of :
� BOILERS 30 years� NETWORK 25 years� SUBSTATIONS 25 years
District heating
� Average annual heat supply 6000 GWhth� 20% households (640,000 flats)
� Average annual fuel consumption around 590,000 toe� 65% natural gas, 18% HFO, 2% LFO, 15% coals� DH switched to NG, if access was available� No use of biomass at all� No use of solid waste at all
� No use of cogeneration� Several studies for small cogeneration in large DH
plants
District Heating Development
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
New Boilers – coalNew Boilers – HFO/LFONew Boilers - NGInvestment in DHRES
2008
?
District heating
Structure of average fuel consumption in DH (toe)
LFO, 8000Coal, 60000HFO, 102000
NG, 420000
1967
1965
1963
Plant “Novi Beograd”
At the begining…
About Company
� Established 03. jun 1965. with 315 MW installed capacity at location of Novom Beogradu
� No of heating source 66� Capacity 2.600 MW� Pipeline trace 570 km � Thermal substation 6235� No of connected flats 292.560� Bussiness consumers 8.200 objects� Total heating area 19.478.942 m2
� Employes 2400� Heating areas: Novi Beograd, Dunav, Voždovac,
Medaković, Cerak, Miljakovac, Borča, Banovo brdo, Zemun, Mirijevo, Konjarnik, Višnji čka banja, Batajnica, Barajevo, Mladenovac.
RES & ENEF� Several project are on-going� Using of geothermal water energy – Heat pump
for climatisation of our building in Konjarnik� Using of solar energy for preparing of domestic
hot water in area of Cerak� Using of solid biomass instead of coal� Saving primarly energy thry Modernisation and
automatisation of biggest production plant`s and distribution systems with automatisation of thermal substation`s
� Introducing of measuring of energy and new tariff`s system
Contribution to ecology
� In last 30 years “Beogradske elektrane” shut down 1000 local boiler station`s – running on coal and HFO
� Existing customers are connected to large heat sources
� This is a great contribution to Belgrade Clean air
� Due to technical reasons – it is not possible to shut down all
� We have to find best solution for them, acceptable from economical and environmental side
Using of coal� In total fuel consumption coal is tacking around 1%, but in
total amount is around 10.000 t for one heating season� Projection for next five years is reduction to 5.000 t with
further shutting down of LBS� This amount of coal during the combustion realise
significant amount of pollutants in the air (sulphur oxides, nitrous oxide, soot…)
� Special problem is spreading out of small parts and coal dust in surrounding during the transport and delivering, possibility of selfconbustion during storaging, cleaning of boiler from residues and ash, storaging and manipulation with ash…
� Because of this, BE conduct a special test – running several heat sources during last heating sesaon on biomass with out any technical modification. BE IS PIONEER IN THIS AREA - FIRST IN SERBIA RUN BIG PLANTS ON PELLETS AND BRIQUETS
Choosing of Heat Sources
� With 5 different heating sources we “cover” all type's of boilers for solid fuels, transport and dosing of fuel, controlling of combustion air witch making of results representative.
� Types of boiler: block, casted, membrans� Fuel transport: elevators, rolling with tapes, manual � Dosing of fuel: mechanical (snail or impuls) and
manual� Combustion air: forced by fan and natural circulation� Separation of solid parts in duct chanels� Chosede heating plants:� Barajevo, Sremcica, Senjak, Bogoslovija and
Mirijevski bulevar
REASCH…
� High trained team and sertificated laboratory was collecting all data with usual operating with coal
� Next day, from morning start, all procedures and activites was repeated with bimass
� For science analysis, we also prepared mixture of 25% and 50% of coal and biomass
� All test was finished within a month, and another month for analysing of data and preparing a Report
� Biomass used: PELLETS AND BRIQUETS
Pellets – Technical Data
1.00-1.40DIN 521821.32kg/dm3Density
17500-19500
DIN 51900-317304kJ/kgHeat Value
<0.08DIN 517240.03%mas.Sulphur
<1.50DIN 517190.83%mas.Ash
<12.0DIN 517184.93%mas.Moisture (total)
RequirementDIN 1731
MethodValueUNIT
Boiler station ”BARAJEVO”
TECHNICAL DATA � ���� Operatin since 1987� ���� Instaled capacity 7,675 МW� ���� Number of boilers 5� ���� Single boiler capacity 1,535 МW� ���� Boiler type REMAX-GA� ���� Boiler manufactured 1986/89� ���� Operating temperature 110/70 оС� ���� Consumers capacity 4,26 МW� ���� Heating area 35903 м2
� ���� Sybstation type direct� ���� Distributon system 110/70 оС� ���� House instalation regime 90/70 оС
TO Barajevo rad sa peletom
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
4:00
4:10
4:20
4:30
4:40
4:50
5:00
5:10
5:20
5:30
5:40
5:50
6:00
6:10
6:20
6:30
6:40
6:50
vreme
tem
per
atu
re o
C
Spoljašnja temperatura
Temperatura na kolektoru
Temperatura na polazumagistraleTemperatura povratne vode
0
50
100
150
200
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300
0 15 30 45 60 75
Vreme (min)
O2 %
CO ppm
NO ppm
NOx mg/m3
SO2 ppm
CO2 %
tdg oC
ηk %
Combustion of briquetes
Boiler station:
“Mirijevski bulevar”, “Uralska”, “Bogoslovija”
Reality…
� It is possible to operate in status “as it is”BUT…
� Real ecological effect's and maximum of energy efficiency will be reached with complete reconstruction and modernisation of production plants
� For that, we need financial support, presently not available
� BEMECO project 2009.
Conclusions� Direct substitution of coal with biomass is possible, without any
reconstruction or modification of boiler&equipement� For every boiler type and dimensions of particles/pcs must be
recognized� Recommendation for pellets: forced introducing of combustion
air, mechanical feeding system� Recommendation for briquettes: natural flow of air, manual
feeding� For every single boiler adjustment of working parameters must
be done, to avoid formation of CO.� Biomass during combustion meet all ecological requests, NOx, SOx.� Amount of residues are small 1 to 2 %, which reduce cost for
transportation and dumping.� Ignition of fuel easily can be done. � Manipulation with biomass, in comparison with coal, is easier,
there is no local pollution, dust in area, ash in area etc.� Workers are very friend to new fuel� Economical requrement is meet
IT IS TIME FOR DECISIONS!!!
THANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION!VIELEN DANK FÜR IHRE AUFMERKSAMKEIT!HVALA NA PAŽNJI!
JKP “Beogradske elektrane”
www.beoelektrane.co.rs
Beograd, 03.12.2008.године
