FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Use of Remote Sensing Technology in
Crop Monitoring and Assessment of
Impact of Natural Disaster
Shibendu S. Ray
Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre
Department of Agriculture & Cooperation
Government of India
www.ncfc.gov.in
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
• Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre was established under Ministry of Agriculture with technical and human resources support from Indian Space Research Organization. Centre was inaugurated on 23rd April, 2012.
• Named after great Indian Statistician P. C. Mahalanobis. Located in New Delhi, India.
• An initiative towards institutionalization of Remote Sensing Applications in Agriculture in the country.
• A state-of-the art RS&GIS lab
• The Mandate of the Centre is to use geospatial
technology for agricultural assessment.
• Responsible for all operational crop forecasting and drought assessment in the country using Remote Sensing Data.
• Jointly works in collaboration with 18 state agriculture departments.
Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre
Email: [email protected] Web: www.ncfc.gov.in
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
FASAL (Forecasting Agriculture using Space, Agrometeorology and Land based observations)
Aims at providing multiple pre-harvest production forecasts of crops at National/State/ District level
National/State forecasts: • Kharif Rice (3 Forecasts, 13 states) • Rabi Rice (1, 4) • Wheat (3,6) • Winter potato (2, 4) • Rapeseed & Mustard (3,5) • Jute (1,3)
State/District forecasts: • Cotton (1,7) • Sugarcane (1,3) • Rabi Sorghum (1,2)
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Salient Features for Crop Assessment using Remote Sensing
•Multi-date Microwave (SAR) for Rice & Jute and Multi-date/Single-date Optical (AWiFS/ LISS III) for other crops
Data
•Stratified Random Sampling
Approach
•All those sates, which together contribute >85% of the Crop’s area in the Country
States Covered
•Multiple, starting from 1 month of crop to pre-harvest
Periodicity
•Hierarchical for Multi-date SAR; Hybrid (combination of supervised & unsup. for multi-date optical); MXL for single date optical
Classification Approach
•FASALSoft, developed by ISRO
Software
•Agro-meteorological, progressing towards spectral & simulation
Yield Forecast
•MNCFC, State Agrl. Dept., IMD, SAC (ISRO)
Organisations Involved
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Use of Multi-date Optical Data for Crop Classification
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Use of Indian SAR (RISAT) Data for Rice & Jute
• Indian SAR satellite RISAT-1 was launched in April 26,
2012 and data was available for user from November,
2012.
• Crop (Rice & Jute) assessment is the major use of
RISAT-1 data (MRS mode).
• Multi (3) date data is used for crop assessment.
MRS Data Coverage in Kharif Rice
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Smartphone based Ground truth Collection
5680 points covering 16 states between August to January
(2013-14)
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Crop Forecast Schedule and Variation
Estimates Rice Wheat
Remote Sensing DES Remote Sensing DES
1st Aug End Sep End Jan End Feb 1st Wk.
2nd Sep End Feb 1st Wk. Feb End April Last Wk.
3rd Jan, 1st Wk. (Final) April Last Wk. Mar End (Final) July Mid
4th --- July Mid --- ----
Final --- Sep End --- Sep End
*Million Bales (180 kg)
Crop Year Area (Million Hectares) Production (Million Tonnes)
MNCFC DES % Diff. MNCFC DES % Diff. Jute (F1) 2013-14 0.72 0.76 -5.3 10.06* 10.60* -5.1
Rice (F2) 2013-14 37.32 38.71 -3.7 82.16 92.32 -11.0 Rapeseed& Mustard
(F3) 2012-13 5.53 6.34 -12.7 6.95 7.82 -11.1
Winter Potato (F2) 2012-13 1.51 NA 32.17 NA
Wheat (F3) 2012-13 29.28 29.65 -1.2 85.61 92.46 -7.4
Rabi Rice (F1) 2012-13 3.69 3.56 3.8 11.73 11.64 0.8
FASAL Forecasts
24 Forecasts in 20 Months
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Remote Sensing driven Crop Cutting Experiments in Bihar
Rice Crop Map was generated using such as RISAT-1 MRS data
Resourcesat-2 AWiFS time composite NDVI during Sep 2nd FN to Oct 1st FN was extracted for rice.
Three classes (A, B, C) were defined based on frequency distribution of NDVI Values.
37 points were randomly selected in 22 districts of Bihar
Crop cutting experiment was carried out under the supervision of MNCFC.
Yield models were developed between NDVI and yield and yield map generated
Efficiency of stratification was very high.
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Use of Indigenous Software
Operational use of indigenously developed software for Crop Forecasting
(FASALSoft, developed by SAC/ISRO) and Drought Assessment (NAS, developed
by NRSC/ISRO)
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.6 0.7 > 0.7
November 1-10 November 11-20 November 21-30 December 1-10 December 11-20
December 21-30 January 01-10 January 11-20 January 21-30 January 31-feb 10
Map of Rabi Season
Emergence Area in 6
States
Crop Emergence Progression
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Drought Assessment
'National Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring System (NADAMS)' project, conceptualized and developed by ISRO, Department of Space
Provides near real-time information on prevalence, severity level and persistence of agricultural drought at state/ district/sub-district level
Currently, it covers 13 states of India, which are predominantly agriculture based and prone to drought situation.
Agricultural conditions are monitored at state/district level using daily NOAA AVHRR and MODIS data for 13 states.
AWiFS (Advanced Wide Field Sensor) of Resourcesat (56 m resolution) is used for detailed assessment of agricultural drought at district and sub district level in four states
Monthly report of drought condition is provided to the all concerned agencies in Centre and State under NADAMS.
From the year 2012, the NADAMS project is being implemented by the Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre (MNCFC), Ministry of Agriculture
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Methodology for Agricultural Drought Assessment
NDVI/NDWI anomaly
Assessment (1)Relative dev. (2)VCI (3)In season change
Agricultural Drought Situation
Change in Crop Calendar
Lag between VI & Rainfall
Abnormal Weather Events (e.g. Floods)
Irrigation Percentage
Rainfall deviation
Sown area deviation
Ground Information
Additional Information
Multi-satellite,
Multi-date Data
VI Time Composite Drought
Warning (June, July,
August)
Normal
Watch
Alert
Drought Declaration (Sep, Oct)
Mild
Moderate
Severe
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Agricultural Drought Assessment for September 2013
(No. of Districts)
State Normal Mild Moderate
Andhra Pradesh 18 3 1
Bihar 16 16 5
Chhattisgarh 13 2 0
Gujarat 25 0 0
Haryana 20 0 0
Jharkhand 12 7 3
Karnataka 25 3 2
Maharashtra 34 0 0
Madhya Pradesh 45 0 0
Odisha 30 0 0
Rajasthan 32 0 0
Tamil Nadu 26 4 0
Uttar Pradesh 61 8 0
Total 357 43 11
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
AVHRR based Normalized Difference Vegetation index
MODIS based Normalized Difference Water
index
Agricultural Drought Assessment - Bihar
September 2013 (upto 21st)
Seasonal Rainfall upto 30/09/13
Agricultural drought assessment –September
2013
(Source: www.imd.gov.in) September 2013
NO DATA
Legend
NO RAIN (-100%)
SCANTY ( -60% TO -99%)
DEFICIENT2 (-40% TO -59%)
DEFICIENT1 (-20% TO -39%)
NORMAL ( +19% TO -19%)
EXCESS (+20% OR MORE)
September 2011
September 2011
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Odisha Rice-Flood Assessment
(Rice Map of Odisha from RISAT Data) (Flood Map of Odisha, upto 17th Oct., ISRO)
An Estimate of District wise Rice Inundation Area
(Assessment Upto 17th October, 2013)
(Rice Flooded Map of Odisha , upto 17th Oct.)
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
VCI (NDVI) VCI (NDWI)
TCI
• Vegetation Condition Index(NDVI) = 100*(NDVI-NDVImin)/(NDVImax-NDVImin)
• Vegetation Condition Index(NDWI) = 100*(NDVI-NDVImin)/(NDVImax-NDVImin)
• Temperature Condition Index = 100*(LSTmax - LST)/(LSTmax – LSTmin)
Vegetation & Temperature Condition Index
Agricultural Condition (January 2014)
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
VCI
(NDWI)
VCI > 40
20 < VCI < 40
VCI < 20
VCI > 40
20 < VCI < 40
VCI < 20
TCI
TCI > 40
20 < TCI < 40
TCI < 20
VCI
(NDVI)
Combined
District-level Crop Alert
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Tasks Ahead
More Crops and More Area
Spectral Yield Mapping
Biotic & Abiotic Disaster impact on Agriculture
Agricultural Development Monitoring
Crop Insurance
Global Agricultural Monitoring
Automatization, Web-GIS, Portals…..
FAO/ADB Expert Meeting on Crop Monitoring for Improved Food Security, 17 February, Vientiane, Lao PDR