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Background and objective of the study
This report is originated as a partial fulfillment of the MBA program of School of Business
and economics, united international university. This report is a mandatory requirement for
MBA completion. We have worked on this report for 2 month and this report helped us to
match our theoretical knowledge with practical understanding.
Objective of the study
To identify the condition of information technology on academic sector in
Bangladesh.
To give a brief idea on the importance of information technology on academic
sector.
To identify the IT relationship with the students.
To identify the problem if any to satisfy the academic students and teachers
through providing IT services.
To identify that academic Institutions understand the specific needs of IT for their
Students.
Scope of the study
The report will give a clear idea about the services of IT on Academic sector to deal with
the students and teachers and gain their optimum level of satisfaction.
Methodology of the study
Figure 1
We have collected our information/ data from the following sources, which helped us to
make this report. The source can divide into two parts. Such as:
A.
Primary Sources andB. Secondary Sources
Data Collection
Primary Data
Survey
Conversation withStudents and Teachers
Secondary Data
IT Websites
Internet
Newspaper
Magazine
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Use both the sources.
1) Primary Sources:Primary sources include survey and conversation with students
and teachers.
2) Secondary Sources:Secondary sources of information include
a)
Internet.
b) General report
c) Articles
Limitation of the study
Every task has some limitations. We faced some usual constraints during preparing of
the report. Though we have given utmost effort to prepare this report but there are
some limitations of the study. They are as follows-
1.
Insufficient data
2.
All the concerned personnel of the academic institutions not been interviewed
3.
Lack of in-depth knowledge & analytical ability for writing such report
4. Another limitation of this report is IT policy of not disclosing the facts
5. Some data and information are not available for obvious reason, which could be
very much useful
6.
Lack of enough experience in analyzing data
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2.1 Definition of information technology
Information technology(IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications
equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a
business or other enterprise.
Figure: 2
The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it
also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and
telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology, including
computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment,
e-commerce and computer services.
Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating information since
the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000 BC, but the term
information technologyin its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published
in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler
commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We
shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition consists of three categories:
techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to
decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs.
Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish
four distinct phases of IT development: pre-mechanical (3000 BC 1450 AD), mechanical
Retrieving
Exchange
CreationIT
Store
Transmission
Manipulation
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(14501840), electromechanical (18401940) and electronic (1940present). This article
focuses on the most recent period (electronic), which began in about 1940.
Stands for "Information Technology," and is pronounced "I.T." It refers to anything related
to computing technology, such as networking, hardware, software, the Internet, or the
people that work with these technologies. Many companies now have IT departments for
managing the computers, networks, and other technical areas of their businesses. IT jobs
include computer programming, network administration, computer engineering, Web
development, technical support, and many other related occupations. Since we live in the
"information age," information technology has become a part of our everyday lives. That
means the term "IT," already highly overused, is here to stay.
Set of tools, processes, and methodologies (such as coding/programming, data
communications, data conversion, storage and retrieval, systems analysis and design,
systems control) and associated equipment employed to collect, process, and present
information. In broad terms, IT also includes office automation, multimedia, and
telecommunications.
IT (information technology) is a term that encompasses all forms of technology used to
create, store, exchange, and use information in its various forms (business data, voice
conversations, still images, motion pictures, multimedia presentations, and other forms,
including those not yet conceived).
Figure: 3
IT
Forms
Business Data
Still image
MultimediaPresentaton
Motion Pictures
Voice
Conversation
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2.2 History of the information technology
Introduction:
Information technology has been around for a long, long time. Basically as long as people
have been around, information technology has been around because there were always
ways of communicating through technology available at that point in time. There are 4
main ages that divide up the history of information technology. Only the latest age
(electronic) and some of the electromechanical age really affects us today, but it is
important to learn about how we got to the point we are at with technology today.
Figure: 4
Premechanical:
The premechanical age is the earliest age of information technology. It can be defined as
the time between 3000B.C. and 1450A.D. We are talking about a long time ago. When
humans first started communicating they would try to use language or simple picture
drawings known as petroglyphs which were usually carved in rock. Early alphabets were
developed such as the Phoenician alphabet.
Figure: 5
IT Ages
Premechanical
Electromechanical Electronical
Mechanical
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As alphabets became more popular and more people were writing information down, pens
and paper began to be developed. It started off as just marks in wet clay, but later paper
was created out of papyrus plant. The most popular kind of paper made was probably by
the Chinese who made paper from rags.
Now that people were writing a lot of information down they needed ways to keep it all in
permanent storage. This is where the first books and libraries are developed. Youve
probably heard of Egyptian scrolls which were popular ways of writing down information
to save. Some groups of people were actually binding paper together into a book-like form.
Also during this period were the first numbering systems. Around 100A.D. was when the
first 1-9 system was created by people from India. However, it wasnt until 875A.D. (775
years later) that the number 0 was invented. And yes now that numbers were created,
people wanted stuff to do with them so they created calculators. A calculator was the very
first sign of an information processor. The popular model of that time was the abacus.
Mechanical
The mechanical age is when we first start to see connections between our current
technology and its ancestors. The mechanical age can be defined as the time between
1450 and 1840. A lot of new technologies are developed in this era as there is a large
explosion in interest with this area. Technologies like the slide rule (an analog computer
used for multiplying and dividing) were invented. Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline
which was a very popular mechanical computer. Charles Babbage developed the difference
engine which tabulated polynomial equations using the method of finite differences.
Figure: 6
There were lots of different machines created during this era and while we have not yet
gotten to a machine that can do more than one type of calculation in one, like our modern-
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day calculators, we are still learning about how all of our all-in-one machines started. Also,
if you look at the size of the machines invented in this time compared to the power behind
them it seems (to us) absolutely ridiculous to understand why anybody would want to use
them, but to the people living in that time ALL of these inventions were huge.
Electromechanical
Now we are finally getting close to some technologies that resemble our modern-day
technology. The electromechanical age can be defined as the time between 1840 and
1940. These are the beginnings of telecommunication. The telegraph was created in the
early 1800s. Morse code was created by Samuel Morse in 1835. The telephone (one of the
most popular forms of communication ever) was created by Alexander Graham Bell in
1876. The first radio developed by Guglielmo Marconi in 1894. All of these were extremely
crucial emerging technologies that led to big advances in the information technology field.
The first large-scale automatic digital computer in the United States was the Mark 1
created by Harvard University around 1940. This computer was 8ft high, 50ft long, 2ft
wide, and weighed 5 tons - HUGE. It was programmed using punch cards. How does your
PC match up to this hunk of metal? It was from huge machines like this that people began
to look at downsizing all the parts to first make them usable by businesses and eventually
in your own home.
Figure: 7
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Electronic
The electronic age is where we currently live in. It can be defined as the time between
1940 and right now. The ENIAC was the first high-speed, digital computer capable of being
reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems. This computer was designedto be used by the U.S. Army for artillery firing tables. This machine was even bigger than
the Mark 1 taking up 680 square feet and weighing 30 tons - HUGE. It mainly used vacuum
tubes to do its calculations.
There are 4 main sections of digital computing. The first was the era of vacuum tubes and
punch cards like the ENIAC and Mark 1. Rotating magnetic drums were used for internal
storage. The second generation replaced vacuum tubes with transistors, punch cards were
replaced with magnetic tape, and rotating magnetic drums were replaced by magnetic
cores for internal storage. Also during this time high-level programming languages were
created such as FORTRAN and COBOL. The third generation replaced transistors with
integrated circuits, magnetic tape was used throughout all computers, and magnetic core
turned into metal oxide semiconductors. An actual operating system showed up around
this time along with the advanced programming language BASIC. The fourth and latest
generation brought in CPUs (central processing units) which contained memory, logic, and
control circuits all on a single chip. The personal computer was developed (Apple II). The
graphical user interface (GUI) was developed.
Figure: 8
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Information technology in Bangladesh
Figure: 9
The information technology sector in Bangladeshhad its beginnings in nuclear research
during the 1960s. Over the next few decades, computer use increased at large Bangladeshi
organizations, mostly with IBM mainframe computers. However, the sector only started to get
substantial attention during the 1990s. Today the sector is still in a nascent stage, though it is
showing potential for advancement. The first computer in Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) was
an IBM mainframe 1620 series, installed in 1964 at the Dhaka center of the Pakistan Atomic
Energy Commission (later the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission. Computer use increased
in the following years, especially after the independence of Bangladesh in 1971; more-
advanced IT equipment began to be set up in different educational, research and financial
institutions. In 1979, a computer centre, later renamed Department of Computer Science &
Engineering, was established at Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET);
the center has been playing a pivotal role in Bangladeshi IT education since its inception.
Through the introduction of personal computers, the use of computers witnessed a rapid
increase in the late 1980s. In 1985, succeeding several individual initiatives, the first Bengali
script in computers was invented, paving the way for more intense computer activities. In1995, use of the Internet began and locally made software started to be exported.
In 1983, the Ministry of Science and Technology established a National Computer Committee
to create the required policies. The committee was also responsible to carry out programs to
expand and promote the efficacious use of the sector. In 1988, the committee was replaced by
the National Computer Board. In 1990, the ministry reformed the board and reconstituted it as
the Bangladesh Computer Council to monitor computer- and IT-related works in the country IT
industry.
The first computer in Bangladesh is An IBM mainframe 1620 Series
DCSE was established at Bangladesh University of Engineering andTechnology (BUET)
The first Bengali script in computers was invented in 1985
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IT industry
Figure: 10
The IT industry is a relatively new sector in the country's economy. Though it is yet to
make tangible contributions in the national economy, it is an important growth industry.
The Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services (BASIS) were
established in 1997 as the national trade body for software and IT service industry.
Starting with only 17 member companies, by 2009 membership had grown to 326. In a
study among Asian countries by Japan International Cooperation Agency in 200708,
Bangladesh was ranked first in software and IT services competitiveness and third in
competencies, after India and China. The World Bank, in a study conducted in 2008,
projected triple digit growth for Bangladesh in IT services and software exports.
Bangladesh was also listed as one of the top 30 Countries for Offshore Services in 2010
2011 by Gartner. The Internet penetration has also grown to 21.27 percent in 2012, up
from 3.2 percent three years prior. As the Internet usage increases, the government
expects the IT sector to add 7.28 percent to GDP growth by 2021.
The cultivation of modern science started during the British rule when the first modern
educational institutions, focused on scientific fields, were established in the country. The
University of Dhaka, established in 1921, acted as the driving force in producing many
renowned scientists in Bangladesh.
Since its independence in 1971, Bangladesh has been plagued with many social issues like
poverty, illiteracy etc. Hence, science and technology have lagged behind in the priority
list of the successive governments. However, induced by the recent economic progress,
science and technology has been witnessing intense growth in the country after a periodof stagnation, most notably in the information technology and biotechnology sectors. The
The BangladeshAssociation of Software
and Information Services(BASIS) were established
in 1997
Use of the Internet began and locally made software
started to be exported
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national policies for science and technology is planned and developed by the National
Council for Science and Technology which is controlled by the ministry of science and
technology.
According to the recent excavations made at the archaeological site of Wari-Bateshwar, it
can be said that the history of science and technology in Bangladesh starts in the
Chalcolithic age; some evidences of pit-dwelling from that period were found in those
excavations.
The history of modern science began after the arrival of the British Empire in the country.
The educational reforms during this period gave birth too many distinguished scientists in
the region. Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose, born in Bikrampur of present day Munshiganj
District of Bangladesh, pioneered the investigation of radio and microwave optics, made
very significant contributions to plant science, and laid the foundations of experimental
science in the Indian subcontinent. IEEE named him one of the fathers of radio science.
He was the first person from the Indian subcontinent to receive a US patent, in 1904. In
1924-25, while researching at the University of Dhaka, Prof Satyendra Nath Bose well
known for his works in quantum mechanics provided the foundation for BoseEinstein
statistics and the theory of the BoseEinstein condensate.
After the Partition of India in 1947, Bangladesh or erstwhile East Bengal (later named as
East Pakistan) became a part of the Muslim majority country of Pakistan and several
talented Hindu scientists of Bangladeshi origin decided for moving to India because of the
growing communal dissonance in the region. The regional branch of Pakistan Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research was established in 1955 in Dhaka, which was the first
scientific research organization in East Pakistan. It was later renamed as Bangladesh
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. The economic and other discriminations
towards East Pakistan and extensive investments in militarization by the central
Government of Pakistan led to a slow growth in the positive development of science and
technology in this period. At the time of independence of Bangladesh, there were six
research organizations with twenty institutions operating under their authority.
After gaining independence in 1971, some more research institutions began to be
established. Several universities were also established focusing on major disciplines of
science and technology. In 1983, the National Committee on Science and Technology was
created, having the President of Bangladesh as its head, to set up a national policy .
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Objective of using IT on academic sector
Two events prodded us into writing this. The first was our involvement in formulating a
technology plan for a local school. During this process we became increasingly concerned
that while the school leaders were keen to bring in technology, and intuitively knew they
should, they did not really know why. It was a kind of gut instinct.
The second event was an email we got from a teacher concerning our web site Math Open
Reference. She wrote (I paraphrase): "Thank you so much! Now I have something to do
with those laptops they gave me! You can visualize the scene: a school decided to move
technology into the classroom so it gave the teacher the computers. Again we wondered
if this school really knew whythey wanted the technology. In what way, precisely, would
the education be better?
So here they are. Ten fundamental objectives why we think technology is important in
education. Hopefully, they can act as the rationale for technology plans in schools.
Figure: 11
Lower cost
Objective
Weight Personal Productivity
Objective
Going global Individual pacing and sequence
Objective
New media foe self - expression Collaboration
Expansion of time and place
Learning & Teaching Depth of Understanding
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1. Expansion of time and place:
In a typical high school a student has access to a teacher 40 minutes per day. That means
she has access to that teacher 5% of her waking day, and even that time is shared with
25 classmates. She has access to the Internet 100% of the time. That's 20X better.
Technology is no substitute for an inspiring teacher. However, on-line materials are far
more available. Twenty times more.
Using the "textbook plus classroom" approach, the places where learning can occur are
limited. On the other hand, a wireless laptop has access to the teacher's course material
and the entire Internet almost anywhere. This is also a vastly larger resource than can be
practically carried on paper in a backpack.
2. Depth of understanding:
Interactive simulations and illustrations can produce a much greater depth of
understanding of a concept. When virtual manipulative are used in a classroom setting
they can go far beyond chalk and talk. Using a projector, the teacher can conduct onscreen
investigations and demonstrate concepts far more easily than with just words and arm-
waving. For example see Subtended Angles. Because the students have access to the
same tools over the web, they can reinforce the ideas by experimenting with the
simulations themselves, anytime, anywhere.
3. Learning vs. Teaching:
Technology allows the tables to be turned. Instead of teaching (push), students can be
given projects that require them to learn (pull) the necessary material themselves. Key to
this is the ability to get the information they need any time anywhere, without being in
the physical presence of a teacher. This project-based pull approach makes learning far
more interesting for the student. I have seen firsthand how students cannot wait to get
out of regular classes to go to the after-school robotics project.
4. New media for self-expression:
In the old days, students could write in a notebook, and what they wrote was seen only
by the teacher. Using modern technology they can: Make a PowerPoint presentation,
record/edit spoken word, do digital photography, make a video, run a class newspaper,
run a web based school radio or TV station, do acclamation, compose digital music on a
synthesizer, make a website, create a blog.
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5. Collaboration:
A vital skill in the new digital world is the ability to work collaboratively on projects with
others who may not be physically close. This can best be done using modern computer
tools such as the web, email, instant messaging and cell phone. Rather than laboring alone
on homework, students can work in small groups wherever they happen to be and at any
time. They are doing this already (it used to be called cheating) - it can now be formalized
and taught as a vital skill. Many university projects are undertaken by teams spread
around the world. Students need to be prepared for this.
6. Going Global:
The worldview of the student can be expanded because of the zero cost of communicatingwith other people around the globe. The Internet permits free video conferencing which
permits interaction in real time with sister schools in other countries.
7. Individual pacing and sequence:
Students are, of course, all different. Information technologies can permit them to break
step with the class and go at a pace and order that suits that student better. Without
disrupting the class, they can repeat difficult lessons and explore what they find
interesting. With time, it will become more like having a private tutor rather than being
lost in a large class.
8. Weight:
Three textbooks and three binders easily weigh over 25lb. A laptop computer weighs about
5lb and provides access to infinitely more material via its own storage and the Internet. A
40 GB hard drive can hold 2 million pages with illustrations; the web is unfathomably large.
Right now, students are getting back injuries lugging around a tiny subset of what they
need in the form of black marks on slices of dead trees. And it's just static, boring text.
9. Personal Productivity:
Students need productivity tools for the same reasons you do. They need to write, read,
communicate, organize and schedule. A student's life is not much different from any
knowledge worker, and they need similar tools. Even if they are never used in the
classroom, portable personal computers will make a student's (and teacher's) life more
effective. To cash in this benefit, schools need to go paperless.
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10. Lower Cost:
It is not unusual for a textbook to cost over $120, and in community colleges, where they
are purchased by the student; they can cost more than the tuition itself.
Through the use of open, free educational tools on the web, the dependence on expensive
paper textbooks can be reduced. There is a growing movement to create and publish this
type of material through organizations such as OER Commons. OER stands for Open
Educational Resources and the idea is to follow the open source model made popular by
software projects such as Linux. Material is created by the educational community itself
then freely shared.
Today (Nov 2007) a decent laptop can be bought for $399, the price of a few textbooks.Right now we need boththe paper books and the computer, but that is simply a transitional
phase.
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Useful IT tools which can be used for academic purpose
1. Flash notes:
Remember the days of doodling on the side of your spiral notebook while you tried to take
copious notes from your boring biology teacher? Would you be more motivated if you knew
that your notes would not only give you an edge on the exam, but could also earn you a
bit of cash?
Flash notes allow students to upload their lecture notes and sell them to other students
who need more help or resources. The rating system allows the best note takers to get
more business and the general pool of knowledge expands as students continue to share
their work with one another.
2. Lore:
The new startup is using a Face book type platform- riding the wave of what works- and
tailoring it for education. This social network allows professors and students to
communicate, follow one another, and discuss class work and lectures.
In addition to the social aspect, it allows for document uploads, calendar sharing, and a
grade book option. So why is this better than Face book? Simply put, social networks
arent always the best place to develop academic networks. Students can follow their
professors and interact with them without worrying about that compromising photo from
a crazy weekend party.
Figure: 12
Figure: 13
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3. Study Blue:
Imagine your Smartphone as your primary source for study materials. This company has
created an app that allows students to organize their coursework, store notes and
flashcards, and share their materials with other students.
Study Blues main attraction is that it is mobile. Whether standing in line for coffee, riding
the train, or waiting at the dentist, a student can easily access their class work and prepare
for an exam. The social aspect also helps students find other people studying similar
subjects, capitalizing on a different set of notes and study guides.
Figure: 14
4. LEAP Motion:
Imagine the ability to sign your name on a digital document using only your finger and
the air. That is technology behind LEAP Motion, a company intent on giving people a more
natural way to interact with the computer.
LEAP has developed a piece of hardware that allows anyone to write, draw, zoom, play,
and interact with their computer screen using a finger, fingers, or entire hand. By moving
your hand over the device, the mouse follows your movements.
This is a huge improvement from the days of the stylus and pad- even with the fine motor
control- it was difficult to make drawings look authentic. LEAP is set to do that.
Figure: 15
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5. Paper tab:
Paper tab wont be ready to use in 2014, but I think its interesting enough to include it in
this list. Paper, after all, is HUGE part of the school life.
6. Chrome books:
Despite the rising popularity of tablets, Googles Chrome book may snatch the competition
in the lower grade school classrooms. The laptops have a few distinct advantages over the
apple iPad:
-They are less expensive
-One-button-pushes easy setup
-Easy to control settings and restrictions
-Offers the traditional keyboard for fast typing and note taking
-Hardware fixes are easier and less costly
7. Celly:
Teachers are continually fighting against the ever-growing list of distractions that a smart
phone offers to bored or shy students in the back of the room. But Celly is a text-
messaging network that allows anyone to create a network anywhere- at a rally, event, in
the classroom, or on a field trip using smart phones.
Teachers that have used this in their classrooms have noted that those who normally never
speak updo. It forces students to write their thoughts clearly and concisely. Rather than
fighting the tide against texting, instructors are using it for academic purposes.
Figure: 16
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8. Flipped Classroom
While not a technology per se, this teaching model is using technology to change the way
instructors teach. Rather than spending the class time lecturing the students, the lectures
are delivered to the students in video format for them to watch at home (or in study hall).
Then, the classroom time is set aside for 1 on 1 help, discussion, and interaction based on
the lecture homework. With nearly every student carrying a mobile device or laptop, this
model may give students and teachers more time to work on areas of difficulty rather than
simple straight lecture. For too long, instructors have seen that precious class time go to
waste while a teacher scribbles on a blackboard and has their back to the students.
Figure: 17
9. Snagit, Jing, Camtasia:
These screen capture video software programs are making it easy for instructors to give
online tutorials. Tech Smith offers a host of different products from a free screen capture
to professional quality videos.
Imagine a tech-ed teacher trying to explain how to download an app. He/she can record
narration while capturing the screen shots as he/she demonstrates the action. This feature
can also be used for teachers who are correcting a paper or demonstrating a math
problem.
Figure: 18
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10. Cast:
Teachers need help and support with their lesson plans just as much as students need
help with studying for exams. Lesson Cast allows teachers to submit a 2-minute lesson
plan strategy, idea, or resource using video, documents, PowerPoint, etc. and share it with
other instructors.
The free-based software is just another way to offer networking opportunities and a
general pool of knowledge that globally impacts education in a positive way. Teachers
Paying Teachers is a similar network that allows educators to sell their lesson plans to
other instructors.
Figure: 19
11. Kid Blog:
Designed specifically for younger students; log provides a safe opportunity for children to
start up their own blog connected to the classroom Teachers can help students design a
blog around a science project, a history lesson, or an entire years worth of school
progress. The students get the benefit of other students and parents commenting on their
work- a great motivation for hesitant writers. Kid Blog makes it easy to keep the child and
content secure from the dangers of the Internet.
Figure: 20
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12. Glogster EDU:
Gone are the days of laboring over a diorama made from a shoebox or wrestling with
markers on a poster board. When it is report time, students can use Glogster to creatively
display their research. Glogster allows students to collage pictures, text, video, and custom
graphics to create a visually appealing presentation for their latest project. The Glogs are
easy to make and share!
13. Donors Choose:
Funding websites are popping up all over the Internet. People who are frustrated with the
bureaucracy of grant writing decide to strike out on their own and build a project from the
ground up. With Donors Choose, you can pitch your idea for your classroom.
Teachers create projects they hope to accomplish with their students. Much like
Kickstarter, individuals can fund or back any project they choose. Then they share it across
social media and if a teacher has created the project pitch well, it gets the attention and
money it needs.
14. Live Binders
Those handy three ring binders are now digital. Using the same idea as pinning and
bookmarking, the binder allows educators to collect and organize resources for lesson
plans.
The Live Binder can also work for students who are amassing resources for a big project.
You can also browse other binders and share your own.
15. Knewton:
This new technology company aims at personalizing content for optimal learning. The
platform monitors the students activity and uses the information to give the student the
best personalized resources based on their level of performance.
The technology also boasts integration among different disciplines creating a more
comprehensive set of resources that interact with one another. Knewton grows more
intuitive the more the student uses the software. It can follow a student through their
entire education career.
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Social Learning
These tools use the power of social media to help students learn and teachers connect.
1. Edmond:
Teachers and students can take advantage of this great tech tool, as it offers a Face book-
like environment where classes can connect online.
Figure: 21
2. Grockit:
Get your students connected with each other in study sessions that take place on this g
great social site.
Figure: 22
3. Edu Blogs:
Edu Blogs offers a safe and secure place to set up blogs for yourself or your classroom.
Figure: 23
4. Skype:
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Skype can be a great tool for keeping in touch with other educators or even attending
meetings online. Even cooler, it can help teachers to connect with other classrooms, even
those in other countries.
Figure: 24
5. Wikis paces:
Share lessons, media, and other materials online with your students, or let them
collaborate to build their own educational wiki on Wikis paces.
Figure: 25
6. Pinterest:
You can pin just about any image you find interesting on this site, but many teachers are
using it as a place to collect great lesson plans, projects, and inspirational material
Figure: 26
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7. Schoology:
Through this social site, teachers can manage lessons, engage students, share content,
and connect with other educators.
Figure: 27
8. Quora:
While Quora is used for a wide range of purposes, it can be a great tool for educators. It
can be used to connect with other professionals or to engage students in discussion after
class.
9. Ning:
Ning allows anyone to create a personalized social network, which can be great for both
teachers and students alike.
Figure: 29
Figure: 28
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10. Open Study:
Encourage your students to work together to learn class material by using a social study
site like Open Study.
Figure: 30
11. ePals:
One of the coolest benefits of the Web is being able to connect with anyone, anywhere.
ePals does just that, but focuses on students, helping them to learn languages and
understand cultures different from their own.
12. Khan Academy:
Many teachers use this excellent collection of math, science, and finance lectures andquizzes to supplement their classroom materials.
Figure: 31
13. MangaHigh:
MangaHigh offers teachers a wealth of resources for game-based learning in mathematics.
Figure: 32
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14. Fun Brain:
If youre looking for a great collection of educational games, look no further than Fun
Brain. On it, teachers can take advantage of fun tools for math and reading.
Figure: 33
15. Educreations:
Educreations is an amazing online tool for the iPad that lets teachers (or students) creates
videos that teach a given topic. Perfect for studying or getting students to show off their
knowledge.
Figure: 34
16. Animoto:
Animoto makes it simple to create video-based lessons or presentations for the classroom
and to share them with students or anyone else.
Figure: 35
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17. Socrative:
Available for computers, mobile devices, and tablets, this student response system
engages students through games and exercises on any device they have on hand. Even
better, teachers can easily assess student progress and track grades.
Figure: 36
18. Knewton:
Adaptive learning has been a hot topic in recent months, and with Knewton its something
that any teacher can access and use. The site personalizes online learning content for each
student according to his or her needs.
Figure: 37
19. Kerpoof:
On Kerpoof, students can get creative with their learning with games, interactive activities,
drawing tools, and more that are both fun and educational.
Figure: 38
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20. Study Sync:
With a digital library, weekly writing practice, online writing and peer reviews, Common
Core assignments, and multimedia lessons available, this site is a fully-featured tool for
teaching and learning that can be a big help in the classroom.
Figure: 39
21. Carrot Sticks:
On this site, teachers can take advantage of a wide range of math learning games, giving
students practice while they have fun.
Figure: 40
Lesson Planning and Tools
Use these tech tools to pull together great lessons and design amazing and memorable
student projects.
22. Teachers Pay Teachers:
Have great lessons to share? Looking for something to add to your classes? On this site
you can do both, selling your own class materials and buying high-quality resources from
other teachers.
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Figure: 41
23. Plan board:
Make sure your lessons are organized and that your day runs smoothly with the help of
this amazing online tool designed just for teachers.
Figure: 42
24. Time toast:
Time toast is a pretty cool for student projects, allowing them to build sleek, interactive
timelines in minutes.
Figure: 43
25. Capzles:
There are so many different ways that Capzles can be used in the classroom, theres bound
to be an application that fits your needs. What does it do? Capzles makes it simple to
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gather media like photos, videos, documents, and even blog posts into one place, making
it perfect for teaching, learning, or online projects.
Figure: 44
26. Prezi:
Want to build presentations that will wow your students? Make use of this online tool that
makes it simple to do all kinds of cool things with your lessons, even allowing collaboration
between teachers.
Figure: 45
27. Wordle:
Create stunning word clouds using Wordle, a great complement to language lessons of
any kind.
Figure: 46
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28. QR Codes:
QR codes (or quick response codes) are showing up with greater frequency in education.
If youd like to get in on the trend, youll need a tool to create and manage the codes like
deliver and one to read codes, like any of those listed on this site.
Figure: 47
29. Quiz let:
Quiz let makes it easy for teachers to create study tools for students, especially flashcards
that can make memorizing important information a snap.
Figure: 48
30. Mastery Connect:
How are your students performing with regard to state and common core standards?
Master Connect makes it simple to track and analyze both, as well as other elements of
student performance.
Figure: 49
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31. Google Docs:
Through Google Docs, teachers can create and share documents, presentations, or
spreadsheets with students and colleagues as well as give feedback on student-created
projects.
Figure: 50
32. YouTube:
Not all schools allow YouTube, but they are missing out as the site contains a wealth of
great learning materials for the classroom. Theres even a special education -focused
channel just for teachers and students.
Figure: 51
33. TED-Ed:
TED isnt just a great place to find inspiration anymore, the site also contains numerous
videos that are organized by subject and can help you to teach everything from how pain
relievers work to Shakespearean insults.
Figure: 52
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34. Glogster:
Glogster is a social site that lets users mash up music, photos, videos, and pretty much
anything else youd like. Its a great way to create learning materials and a handy tool for
creative student projects.
Figure: 53
35. Creaza:
Want to bring your student projects into the 21st century? Creaza can make those
possible, offering tools to brainstorm, create cartoons, and edit audio and video.
Figure: 54
36. Mentor Mob:
On Mentor Mob, you or your students can create a learning playlist, which is essentially a
collection of high-quality materials that can be used to study a specific concept.
Figure: 55
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37. Ever note:
Capture great ideas, photos, recordings, or just about anything else on your Ever note
account, access it anywhere, and keep it organized. A must-have tool for lesson planning.
Figure: 56
38. Twitter:
There are so many ways Twitter can be used in education. Teachers can connect with other
educators, take part in chats, share their ideas, or even use it in the classroom to reach
out to students.
Figure: 57
39. Google Education:
Google offers a number of great edtech resources for teachers, including email and
collaborative apps, videos, lesson plan search, professional development, and even
educational grants.
Figure: 58
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40. Drop box:
Easily store, share, and access any kind of data from anywhere with the easy-to-use and
free Drop box service.
Figure: 59
41. Diigo:
Diigo lets you treat the web like paper-based reading material, making it simple to
highlight, bookmark, take notes, or even add sticky notes.
Figure: 60
42. Apple iPad:
One of the most widely used, though expensive, tech tools being used in todays classroom
is the Apple iPad. With a host of educational apps being developed for the device, its
become a favorite of teachers and students alike across the nation.
Figure: 61
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43. Aviary:
Aviary is a suite of tools that make it easy to edit images, effects, swatches,
music, and audio or to create and modify screen captures.
Figure: 62
44. Jing:
If youre teaching kids about tech or just about anything else, a great screenshot program
is essential. Jing is one great option that allows teachers to take screenshots as images,
record up to five minutes or videos then edit and share the results.
Figure: 63
45. Popplet:
You and your students can use Popplet to brainstorm ideas, create mind maps, share, and
collaborate.
Figure: 64
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46. Google Earth:
From geography projects to learning about geological processes, Google Earth can be an
amazing and fast way to show students anywhere in the world.
Figure: 65
47. Donors Choose:
Need funding for a classroom project? You can get it through this site that hooks up needy
teachers with willing donors.
Figure: 66
48. Slide Share:
With Slide Share, you can upload your presentations, documents, and videos and share
them with students and colleagues. Even better, you can take advantage of materials that
other have uploaded as well.
Figure: 67
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49. Live Binders:
Like a real-life three ring binder, this tech tool allows us to collect and organize resources.
Much better than a binder, however, the site also comes with tools to connect and
collaborate and a virtual whiteboard.
Figure: 68
50. Audio Boo:
Through this tool, we can record and share audio for our students or anyone else.
Figure: 69
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Data collection
Figure: 70
To conduct the study, both primary and secondary data were used and collected from
different sources. To collect primary data a set of questions were answered by the
customers. Primary data sources were students, teacher, businessmen and housewives.
In contrast, Secondary data sources were literature reviewed.
1. Scaling Technique:
To analyze the data collected through survey method, 5(five) point Likert scale was used.
Using this scale, how the customer appreciates the services was measured to evaluate the
significance of those.
2. Question development and pretest:
A questionnaire with 15 (fifteen) questions was developed for obtaining quantitative
primary data in this research. It had been protested on 5 respondents before final data
collection for more accuracy. All the questions were basically represent the scale (1 to 5)
3. Sampling Technique:
The sample was selected for this study based on the interviewers convenience. Therefore,
the sampling technique can be termed as Convenient Sampling which belongs to Non-probability Sampling Technique category.
Data Collection
Method
QuantitativeData
Structured and
unstructuredquestionaries
Question
Development
15 questions arestructured
5 questions are
structured
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4. Sample size:
The sample size was 50. And the whole survey was conducted with the student and
teachers.
Source of data
Figure: 71
For collecting the data both primary and secondary sources are used.
Primary Sources:
Conversation with the students
Discussion with the teachers
Questionnaires survey
Secondary Sources:
IT website
Different journals and articles
Internet browsing
5. Data collection method:
A quantitative data collection method is used for the report. A Structured and unstructured
questionnaire is designed. Each item will be rated on a likert scale of (5 to 1)
Data Collection
Primary Data
Survey
Conversation with student and
teacher
Secondary Data
IT websites
Internet
Newspaper
Magazine
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6. Data collection instrument
A structured and unstructured Questionnaire is used in this report to collect the data
7. Question design
The design of the questionnaire is prepared with close-ended questions. These questions
were rated on a five point scale which is given below:
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral DisagreeStrongly
Disagree
5 4 3 2 1
8. Conceptual framework:
Figure: 72
Independent Variable: Face book, Skype and Google are Independent variable.
Dependent variable: Academic sectors are dependent variable.
AcademicSector
GoogleSkype
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9. Findings and analysis:
Q1: Is the condition of IT on academic sector in Bangladesh favorable
Figure: 73
Q2: Is every educational sector is getting benefit from IT?
Figure: 74
Strongly agree
35
Agree
35
Neutral
5%
Disagree
25%
Strongly disagree
0%
Strongly
agree
Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
disagree
40%
30%
10%
20%
0%
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Q3: Are all educational institutions teaching about IT?
Figure: 75
4: Is IT important for our academic sector?
Figure: 76
Q5: Do you get educational information from IT?
Figure: 77
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
40%
30%
10%
20%
0%
40%
30%
10%
20%0%
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
40%
30%
10%
20%
0%
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree
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Q6: Has IT created new income generation opportunity?
Figure: 78
Q7: Do you think that IT changes our life style?
Figure: 79
Q8: Has IT better access to current information?
Figure: 80
Strongly
agree
Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
disagree
50%
30%
5%
25%
0%
Strongly agreeAgree
NeutralDisagree
Strongly
disagree
40%
30%
10%20%
0%
Strongly
agreeAgree
NeutralDisagree
Strongly
disagree
40%30%
10% 20%
0%
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Q9: Do you think IT improves relationship between teacher and students?
Figure: 81
10: Do you think that the government has taken any step for IT?
Figure: 82
11: Does IT make education easy?
Figure: 83
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
40%
30%
10%
20%
0%
40%
30%
10%
20%
0%Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree
40%
30% 10%
20%
0%
20%
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree
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Q12: Does IT work as helping hand for teacher?
Figure: 84
Q13: Is there any drawback of IT on education in Bangladesh?
Figure: 85
Q14: Does IT make the world of education smaller than before?
Figure: 86
Strongly
agree
Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
disagree
40%
30%
10%
20%
0%
50%
40%
10%
0%
0%
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
50%
40%
10%
0% 0%
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree
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15: Are academic institutions providing tuitions for using IT?
Figure: 87
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Stronglydisagree
10% 10%0%
20%
60%
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Problem of IT on academic sector
1. Potential Pitfalls for students:
Discrepancies in computer skills may make assignments more difficult to complete for
some students. Computer malfunctions can cause them to lose assignments or materials.
In the case of online courses taken from home, varying Internet speeds and devices
available to students at home may cause some students difficulty. Additionally, acquiring
information in an online course relies largely on student motivation and self-monitoring,
which may be difficult for some students.
2. Instructional Challenge:
One disadvantage for teachers at all levels of education is trying to keep up with changing
technologies and learning how to use both hardware and software for educational
purposes. Additionally, teachers must learn how to ensure that students are learning skills
rather than simply learning how to efficiently use technology. For example, using a
graphing calculator in a geometry class may make it easier for students to find angle
measures without understanding properties of a triangle. Teachers can also find the
amount of student communication via email overwhelming if they have increased numbers
of students.
3. Unavailability of Computer opportunities:
School college & University resources are not always shared equitably, and some schools
within a district have much greater financial support from parents than do others. A recent
survey in the poor inner Dhaka city educational institutions has revealed that there were
three computer labs for approximately 3,200 students, and two of those labs were
essentially closed to the general student body for the year. And for these students only
one computer projector is available, so students had very few hands-on computer
opportunities. Other schools in the district, however, enjoyed a much, much smaller
student/computer ratio.
4. Unskilled Staffs and teachers:
Computers, especially if you have a one-on-one program can be very beneficial since
students can pick up a computer at the beginning of the day and use it in all of their classes
to take notes, do research, create projects, and even to communicate with the teacher
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and other students using classroom blogs. Students are very much engaged with using
technology since we are living in a "tech age." We can see computers and the internet
being a potential problem IF the school and staff are not properly trained and IF they do
not properly train the students. We also in this "tech age" need to teach computer literacy
and internet research skills. We need to teach our students appropriate behavior using
technology and how to appropriately communicate online. This actually should not be an
option for a school, but a mandate because most of our students go home and use
technology and go on the internet, and many of them use these sources
inappropriately. We must teach our students at a young age how to use technology
appropriately and how it can benefit their education.
5. Inappropriate access:
During Education while lecturers provide lessons students can easily get off task. They
may wander to sites like Face book, MySpace etc. (I know that schools usually block these
sites, but students often find ways around them. Many students try to access music
downloads inappropriate video and websites, and other off-task content.
6. Cool Activity:
Without knowing it teachers can create computer-related activities that are quite exciting,but the intended content is not learned i.e. teachers focus too much on the "cool activity"
rather than the actual lesson itself.
7. Plagiarizing:
An alarming number of students use the computer as a plagiarizing mechanism. Some
students would rather search online for the topic they are writing on and copy and paste
the essay into their own paper. There are programs now available for institutions to catch
students who plagiarize which are a nightmare for students who cheat.
8. Physical harm:
Too much use of technology especially computer spoil eye sight if look on the monitor too
much. Peoples download Pornography which is illegal and which is destroying us both
mentally and physically.
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9. Too much reliant on Technology:
A disadvantage of Technology is both the learning and the teaching processes is the
unlimited freedom offered by the technology. Teachers may not be able to fully harness
the power of the technology because it has not been fully integrated into the curriculum
yet. Students too may find themselves increasingly reliant on the computers and not be
well-versed with more traditional ways of learning. They may also find themselves
engaged in social networking online rather than using computers for educational
purposes.
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Limitation of the study
Every task has some limitations. We faced some usual constraints during preparing of the
report. Though we have given utmost effort to prepare this report but there are some
limitations of the study. They are as follows-
1. Desired information could not be collected due to confidentiality of business.
2. All the concerned personnel of the academic institutions not been interviewed
3. Lack of in-depth knowledge & analytical ability for writing such report
4. Another limitation of this report is IT policy of not disclosing the facts
5. Due to lack of experience there is a chance of having some mistake in the report.
But we have tried our best to do fewer mistakes and provide the accurate information
about IT and its services towards the academics.
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Recommendation:
1.Technology related education (How to use technology):
Technology related education is very important in our country. Here the teachers and
instructors do not know how to use IT related instruments properly. For that they are
unable to teach how to use IT in terms of education to the students. Most of all government
and the educational institutes have to take necessary steps to provide training to the
instructors and teachers.
2.Institutions can arrange IT equipment for the students:
In the institute students are not getting sufficient IT equipment which is a big problem for
the educational system of our country. Government and the educational institutes have to
take necessary steps to ensure that all students can use IT equipment. Especially in
schools.
3.Student has to focus on using IT on educational purpose:
Usually students know all the entertaining side of the IT. But there are also huge
educational use of IT. Students have to understand the benefits of IT in educational
aspects. And teachers and the guardians should make them understand.
4.Need to train the instructors about the user mandates of
technology:
A number of instructor knows properly how to use IT the educational purposes very well.
But they do not know how teach the students, which has become a massive problem of
our country. Government and the educational institutes have to take necessary steps to
provide training to the instructors and teachers.
5.The Institution can do counseling about not to use IT
inappropriately:
Students and the children are wasting valuable times on entertainment through IT related
instruments. Even in the classes the mischievous students are listening to the music,
watching videos instead of attending the lecture. The institutes, especially the guardians
can do counselling to solve the problem.
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6.Teachers may not focus on cool activities; they have to focus
on academic related lesson:
Students have also complains about the cool activity. Teachers are providing assignments,
lectures, projects through IT, imagining this as a cool activity. In this cases the actual
purpose of education is not serving. So teachers may not focus on cool activities, they
have to focus on academic related lessons. The Institute can ensure it by proper random
inspections.
7.Give emphasis on family & social education:
A major number of young generation is abusing IT & IT tools to get addicted to
pornography and other cyber related crime, which is unimaginable harmful as both
physically & mentally. In some cases only Family and Social education will not let them to
choose this wrong path. So we must give emphasis on family & social education.
8.We have to use both modern and traditional teaching
method:
We should not forget the traditional method of teaching because now a days still it is the
best method of teaching. So we can invent a teaching system which use both modern and
traditional teaching method for the benefit of the potential students.
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Conclusion
IT continues to develop rapidly as the key underlying technologies of semiconductors, disk
drives, and network communications improve at exponential rates. Constant
improvements in the underlying technologies make possible new IT applications that affect
all areas of society, including the economy, households, government, and the R&D
enterprise.
Throughout society, the utility of IT applications tends to advance much more slowly than
the underlying technologies. A doubling of processing speeds, for example, does not bring
a doubling of utility. The effective implementation and use of IT are the result of a complex
process that requires not only adoption of a technology but also changes in organizations
and institutions. As part of this process, individuals and organizations actively adapt (andsometimes resist) the technologies. As a result, the effects of IT on society often take
place more slowly than visionaries predict. Nevertheless, the effectsdriven by the
continual change in underlying technologiesare substantial over time.
In the as normal sensible people we have to accept the advantages and disadvantages of
technology then we will try to minimize the disadvantages in order to move on in our life.
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Appendix: 1
Citations
1. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information-technology-IT.html
2. http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/IT
3. http://www.techterms.com/definition/it
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology
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Appendix: 2
Information Technology (IT) survey-2014
Please think carefully about all your experience and answer the following question.
There are several statement below .For each one please places a tick on the scale of
(1 to 5).Tick on the boxes below against each statement.
The following scaling techniques have been used for each question in the
questionnaire.
5=strongly Agree
4=Agree
3=Neutral
2= Disagree
1= Strongly disagree
1
Is the condition
of IT on
academic sector
in Bangladesh
good?
5=(Strongly
Agree)
4=Agree
3=Neutral 2= Disagree1=( Strongly
disagree)
2
Is every
educational
sector is getting
benefit from IT?
5=(Strongly
Agree)
4=Agree 3=Neutral
2= Disagree
1=( Strongly
disagree)
3
Are all
educational
institutions
teaching about
IT?
5=(Strongly
Agree)
4=Agree
3=Neutral 2= Disagree
1=( Strongly
disagree)
4
Is IT important
for our
educationalbackground?
5=(Strongly
Agree)
4=Agree
3=Neutral 2= Disagree
1=( Strongly
disagree)
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5
Do you get
educational
information from
IT?
5=(Strongly
Agree)
4=Agree
3=Neutral 2= Disagree1=( Strongly
disagree)
6
Has IT created
new income
generation
opportunity?
5=(Strongly
Agree)
4=Agree
3=Neutral 2= Disagree1=( Strongly
disagree)
7
Do you think
that IT changes
our life style?
5=(Strongly
Agree)
4=Agree
3=Neutral 2= Disagree1=( Strongly
disagree)
8
Has IT better
access to
current
information?
5=(Strongly
Agree)4=Agree 3=Neutral 2= Disagree
1=( Strongly
disagree)
9
Do you think IT
Improves
relationship
between teacher
and student?
5=(Strongly
Agree)4=Agree 3=Neutral 2= Disagree
1=( Strongly
disagree)
10
Do you think
that the
government has
taken any step
for IT
development?
5=(Strongly
Agree)4=Agree 3=Neutral 2= Disagree
1=( Strongly
disagree)
11Does IT make
education easy?
5=(Strongly
Agree)4=Agree 3=Neutral 2= Disagree
1=( Strongly
disagree)
12
Does IT work as
a helping hand
for teachers
regarding
teaching
method?
5=(Strongly
Agree)4=Agree 3=Neutral 2= Disagree
1=( Strongly
disagree)
13
Are there any
drawbacks of IT
in educationBangladesh?
5=(Strongly
Agree)
4=Agree 3=Neutral 2=Disagree1= (Strongly
Disagree)
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14
Does IT make
the world of
education
smaller than
before?
5=(Strongly
Agree)4=Agree 3=Neutral 2= Disagree
1=( Strongly
disagree)
15
Are educational
institutions
providing
tuitions using
IT?
5=(Strongly
Agree)4=Agree 3=Neutral 2= Disagree
1=( Strongly
disagree)
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Appendix: 3
Abbreviation Full Term
IT
CPU
GUI
BUET
BASIS
GDP
BASIC
ENIAC
IEEE
AC
BC
Information technology
Central processing units
Graphical user interface
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services
Gross domestic product
Beginner all-purpose symbolic instruction code
Electronic numerical integrator and computer
The institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
After The Birth of Christ
Before Christ