24
An introductory guide to identifying, growing and using native plants of South East South Australia. Useful Indigenous Plants of the South East
An introductory guide to identifying, growing and using native plants of South East South Australia.
Useful Indigenous Plants of the South East
Intr
odu
ctio
n
Th
is p
ub
licat
ion
is a
n in
trod
uct
ory
guid
e to
u
sefu
l in
dig
enou
s p
lan
ts o
f th
e S
outh
Eas
t of
S
outh
Au
stra
lia. I
n t
he
con
text
of t
his
gu
ide
“use
ful p
lan
ts”
mea
ns
pla
nts
wh
ich
wer
e u
sed
his
tori
cally
by
loca
l Ab
orig
inal
peo
ple
fo
r fo
od o
r m
ater
ials
.In
dig
enou
s p
lan
ts c
an m
ake
grea
t la
nd
scap
ing
gard
ens,
wit
h t
he
add
ed
ben
efits
of b
ein
g su
ited
to
the
loca
l clim
ate
and
con
dit
ion
s, u
sual
ly r
equ
irin
g le
ss w
ater
an
d a
tten
tion
, an
d a
lso
pro
vid
ing
oth
er u
ses
such
as
food
or
mat
eria
ls.
Sp
ecia
l Th
anks
A
sp
ecia
l th
anks
mu
st b
e gi
ven
to
Mr
Nev
ille
Bon
ney
, wh
o h
as c
omp
iled
a g
reat
dea
l of
info
rmat
ion
on
nat
ive
pla
nts
of t
he
Sou
th
Eas
t ov
er m
any
dec
ades
.N
evill
e’s
boo
ks a
re a
gre
at s
ourc
e of
in
form
atio
n fo
r p
eop
le w
anti
ng
to le
arn
mor
e ab
out
iden
tify
ing,
gro
win
g an
d e
atin
g th
e n
ativ
e p
lan
ts o
f th
e S
outh
Eas
t.H
is p
ub
licat
ion
s ar
e h
igh
ly r
ecom
men
ded
. A
list
of N
evill
e’s
boo
ks o
n p
lan
ts o
f th
e S
outh
Eas
t is
con
tain
ed a
t th
e en
d o
f th
is
pu
blic
atio
n.
Ab
ove:
Ind
igen
ous
use
gar
den
at
McD
onal
d P
ark
Sch
ool,
Mou
nt
Gam
bie
r.
Ind
igen
ous
Pla
nts
of
th
e S
outh
Eas
t
5
Aca
cia
leio
phy
llaS
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Un
know
n
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Lim
esto
ne
Wat
tle
Form
& S
ize:
Ta
ll sh
rub
to
4m
.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: G
row
s m
ain
ly in
san
d o
r lo
amy
san
d.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Gro
w fr
om s
eed
. Pou
r ve
ry h
ot w
ater
ove
r se
eds,
allo
w t
o co
ol. S
trai
n.
Sow
see
ds
3-5
mm
un
der
soi
l. K
eep
moi
st u
nti
l ger
min
atio
n. S
ow fr
om
spri
ng.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Rip
enin
g gr
een
pod
s w
ere
stea
med
an
d/o
r ro
aste
d. T
he
dri
ed s
eed
s w
ith
th
e b
lack
coa
tin
g w
ere
grou
nd
up
to
mak
e a
flou
r-lik
e su
bst
ance
. Fl
ower
s Ju
ly t
o S
epte
mb
er. C
olle
ct s
eed
s in
Dec
emb
er t
o Ja
nu
ary.
To
har
vest
th
e se
eds
eith
er r
emov
e d
ry p
ods
wit
h h
and
s (w
eari
ng
glov
es),
or
lay
a sh
eet
or t
arp
un
der
th
e sh
rub
an
d s
hak
e b
ran
chle
ts t
o d
islo
dge
se
eds
and
pod
s. T
ram
ple
ove
r p
ods.
Sie
ve o
ut
clea
n s
eed
.
Ph
oto:
DE
WN
RP
hot
o: E
lsp
eth
Sw
anP
hot
o: B
ryan
Hay
woo
d
Aca
cia
lon
gifo
lia v
ar. s
oph
orae
S
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Nal
-a-w
ort,
Kab
la
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Coa
st w
attl
e, C
oast
al w
attl
e
Form
& S
ize:
S
pre
adin
g ta
ll sh
rub
to
5m
. Fol
iage
res
tin
g on
th
e gr
oun
d. T
run
k d
ivid
ed
into
sev
eral
tru
nks
. Flo
wer
s -
yello
w, r
od-l
ike
to 4
cm. F
ruit
ing
pod
s -
lon
g, n
arro
w u
sual
ly c
urv
ed, c
onta
inin
g b
lack
see
ds.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: A
fast
gro
win
g an
d h
ard
y p
lan
t to
lera
nt
of a
ll so
ils p
rovi
ded
th
ey a
re
not
wat
erlo
gged
. At
thei
r b
est
in a
su
nny
pos
itio
n. W
ill t
oler
ate
dir
ect
coas
tal e
xpos
ure
.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Gro
w fr
om s
eed
. Pou
r ve
ry h
ot w
ater
ove
r se
eds,
allo
w t
o co
ol. S
trai
n.
Sow
see
ds
3-5
mm
un
der
soi
l. K
eep
moi
st u
nti
l ger
min
atio
n. S
ow fr
om
spri
ng.
NO
TE
: Con
tact
DE
WN
R b
efor
e at
tem
pti
ng
to g
row
or
pla
nt
this
sp
ecie
s –
alt
hou
gh t
his
Aca
cia
is in
dig
enou
s, it
can
bec
ome
inva
sive
in
area
s th
at a
re n
ot p
art
of it
s p
re-E
uro
pea
n d
istr
ibu
tion
.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Rip
enin
g gr
een
pod
s w
ere
colle
cted
an
d c
ooke
d o
ver
a fir
e. T
he
pro
tein
-ri
ch s
eed
s w
ere
then
pic
ked
ou
t an
d e
aten
. Th
e d
ried
see
ds
wit
h t
he
bla
ck c
oati
ng
wer
e gr
oun
d u
p t
o m
ake
a flo
ur-
like
sub
stan
ce. F
low
ers
July
to
Sep
tem
ber
. Col
lect
see
ds
in J
anu
ary
to F
ebru
ary.
To
har
vest
th
e se
eds
eith
er r
emov
e d
ry p
ods
wit
h h
and
s (w
eari
ng
glov
es),
or
lay
a sh
eet
or t
arp
un
der
th
e sh
rub
an
d s
hak
e b
ran
chle
ts t
o d
islo
dge
see
ds
and
pod
s. T
ram
ple
ove
r p
ods.
Sie
ve o
ut
clea
n s
eed
.
7
Aca
cia
mel
anox
ylon
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:U
nkn
own
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Bla
ckw
ood
Form
& S
ize:
E
rect
or
spre
adin
g tr
ee 6
–3
0 m
hig
h; b
ark
dee
ply
fiss
ure
d, d
ark
grey
-b
lack
; bra
nch
lets
an
gled
or
flatt
ened
.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: It
tol
erat
es d
rou
ght,
poo
r d
rain
age,
any
soi
l, sa
lt a
ir, g
ust
y, s
tead
y or
co
ld w
ind
s if
grow
n in
op
en, f
og, s
mog
, tem
per
atu
re e
xtre
mes
, su
n, o
r sh
ade.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Gro
w fr
om s
eed
. Pou
r ve
ry h
ot w
ater
ove
r se
eds,
allo
w t
o co
ol. C
an
be
left
in w
ater
for
two
day
s to
allo
w m
oist
ure
to
pen
etra
te t
hes
e h
ard
see
ds.
Str
ain
. Sow
see
ds
3-5
mm
un
der
soi
l. K
eep
moi
st u
nti
l ge
rmin
atio
n. S
ow fr
om e
arly
Sp
rin
g.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
See
ds
can
be
eate
n g
rou
nd
. Pod
s m
atu
re s
um
mer
–au
tum
n w
ith
a m
id-
Feb
ruar
y p
eak.
Gu
m c
an b
e ea
ten
. Bar
k an
d tw
igs
use
d b
y A
bor
igin
al
peo
ple
to
stu
pef
y fis
h –
th
ough
not
in t
he
Sou
th E
ast.
Flo
wer
s A
ugu
st
to O
ctob
er. C
olle
ct s
eed
s in
Jan
uar
y to
Mar
ch. T
o h
arve
st t
he
seed
s ei
ther
rem
ove
dry
pod
s w
ith
han
ds
(wea
rin
g gl
oves
), o
r la
y a
shee
t or
ta
rp u
nd
er t
he
tree
an
d s
hak
e or
kn
ock
bra
nch
es t
o d
islo
dge
see
ds
and
p
ods.
Tra
mp
le o
ver
pod
s. S
ieve
ou
t cl
ean
see
d.
Ph
oto:
Bry
an H
ayw
ood
Ph
oto:
Els
pet
h S
wan
Aca
cia
mea
rnsi
iS
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Cu
rron
g
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Bla
ck w
attl
e
Form
& S
ize:
M
ediu
m t
ree
wit
h b
i-p
inn
ate
folia
ge. F
low
ers-
yel
low
, glo
bu
lar,
in d
ense
gr
oup
s.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: G
row
s w
ell o
n a
var
iety
of s
oils
, in
clu
din
g ve
ry d
ry a
nd
poo
r so
ils.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Gro
w fr
om s
eed
. Pou
r ve
ry h
ot w
ater
ove
r se
eds,
allo
w t
o co
ol. W
ash
w
ell t
o re
mov
e gl
ue
mat
eria
l bef
ore
dry
ing.
Str
ain
. Sow
see
ds
3-5
mm
u
nd
er s
and
y so
ils o
r p
rop
agat
ing
mix
es. K
eep
moi
st u
nti
l ger
min
atio
n.
Sow
in t
ub
es in
Au
tum
n o
r d
irec
t in
Sp
rin
g.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Gu
m w
as c
hew
ed, u
sed
for
med
icin
al p
urp
oses
an
d in
too
ls. F
ish
ing
line
cou
ld b
e m
ade
from
th
e in
ner
bar
k.
9
Allo
casu
arin
a le
uh
man
nii
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:U
nkn
own
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Bu
loke
Form
& S
ize:
Tr
ee g
row
ing
to 7
-15
m. L
ong
wee
pin
g b
ran
chle
ts, g
rey-
gree
n. I
nte
rest
ing
con
e-lik
e fr
uit
. Gro
ws
in M
id t
o U
pp
er S
outh
Eas
t.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: G
row
s in
a r
ange
of s
oil t
ypes
, mai
nly
san
dy
loam
s.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Gro
w fr
om s
eed
. Sp
read
see
d o
ver
pro
pag
atin
g or
san
dy
mix
, cov
er w
ith
a
laye
r of
fin
e gr
avel
an
d k
eep
moi
st. S
ow la
te w
inte
r to
sp
rin
g. Id
eal
tem
per
atu
re fo
r ge
rmin
atio
n is
18
-25
oC.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
New
see
d p
ods
wer
e ch
ewed
.
Ph
oto:
DE
WN
RP
hot
o: D
avid
Hin
chliff
eP
hot
o: D
avid
Hin
chliff
e
Aca
cia
pycn
anth
aS
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Un
know
n
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Gol
den
wat
tle
Form
& S
ize:
S
hru
b t
o sm
all t
ree
to 5
m, w
ith
gla
bro
us
bra
nch
es.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: It
gro
ws
on a
ran
ge o
f sit
es, a
nd
on
var
iety
soi
ls in
clu
din
g ca
lcar
eou
s sa
nd
s, c
lays
an
d s
hal
low
, sto
ny lo
ams.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Gro
w fr
om s
eed
. Pou
r ve
ry h
ot w
ater
ove
r se
eds,
allo
w t
o co
ol. C
an b
e le
ft o
vern
igh
t. S
trai
n. S
ow s
eed
s 3
-5m
m u
nd
er s
and
y so
il or
gen
eral
p
rop
agat
ing
mix
es. K
eep
moi
st u
nti
l ger
min
atio
n. S
ow fr
om e
arly
S
pri
ng.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Flow
ers
colle
cted
an
d s
oake
d in
wat
er fo
r n
ecta
r. G
um
hea
ted
to
a vi
scou
s sy
rup
an
d u
sed
for
food
or
dis
solv
ed in
wat
er fo
r d
rin
kin
g.
11
Allo
casu
arin
a ve
rtic
illat
aS
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Kot
gee
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Dro
opin
g sh
eoak
Form
& S
ize:
Tr
ee g
row
ing
to 5
-8m
. Lon
g w
eep
ing
bra
nch
lets
, gre
y-gr
een
. In
tere
stin
g co
ne-
like
fru
it.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: Fa
vou
red
con
dit
ion
- D
ry. S
oils
incl
ud
e sk
elet
al ty
pes
der
ived
from
sa
nd
ston
e or
gra
nit
e, s
and
y co
asta
l soi
ls, i
ncl
ud
ing
som
e d
eriv
ed fr
om
limes
ton
e, a
nd
hea
vier
tex
ture
d c
lay
loam
s.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Gro
w fr
om s
eed
. Sp
read
see
d o
ver
pro
pag
atin
g or
san
dy
mix
, cov
er w
ith
a
laye
r of
fin
e gr
avel
an
d k
eep
moi
st. S
ow la
te w
inte
r to
sp
rin
g. Id
eal
tem
per
atu
re fo
r ge
rmin
atio
n is
18
-25
o C.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
You
ng
stem
s an
d c
ones
can
be
chew
ed t
o st
ave
off t
hir
st a
nd
hu
nge
r.
Am
yem
a p
end
ula
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:U
nkn
own
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Dro
opin
g M
istl
etoe
Form
& S
ize:
P
aras
itic
pla
nt.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: P
red
omin
antl
y p
aras
itic
on
sp
ecie
s of
Eu
caly
ptu
s, s
omet
imes
on
sp
ecie
s of
Aca
cia.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Un
know
n
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Fru
its
eate
n.
Not
e:T
he
fru
it o
f th
e si
mila
r sp
ecie
s –
Lys
ian
a ex
ocar
pi (
Har
leq
uin
Mis
tlet
oe)
– w
as a
lso
eate
n.
13
Art
hro
pod
ium
str
ictu
mS
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Un
know
n
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Ch
ocol
ate
lily,
Com
mon
van
illa-
lily,
Van
illa
lily
Form
& S
ize:
S
mal
l an
nu
als
up
to
30
cm in
hei
ght,
wit
h d
isti
nct
ive
pu
rple
flow
er
pet
als
in s
pri
ng.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: Fa
vou
red
con
dit
ion
- D
ry. W
ides
pre
ad in
op
en w
ood
lan
ds
and
gr
assl
and
s. F
ull
sun
to
sem
i-sh
ade.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Cu
ltiv
ate
eith
er b
y tu
ber
div
isio
n in
late
su
mm
er o
r gr
ow fr
om s
eed
. S
pre
ad s
eed
ove
r p
rop
agat
ing
or s
and
y m
ix, c
over
wit
h a
laye
r of
fin
e gr
avel
an
d k
eep
moi
st. S
ow fr
om M
arch
to
earl
y w
inte
r.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Bef
ore
pla
nt
wit
her
ed a
way
, ab
out
thre
e m
onth
s af
ter
the
flow
ers
dry
off
, tu
ber
s w
ere
du
g u
p a
nd
eat
en -
can
be
eate
n r
aw b
ut
wer
e u
sual
ly
roas
ted
.
Ph
oto:
Ois
in S
wee
ney
Ap
ium
pro
stra
tum
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:U
nkn
own
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Sea
Par
sley
(S
ea C
eler
y)
Form
& S
ize:
P
rost
rate
gro
un
dco
ver,
spre
adin
g to
0.5
m w
ide.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: N
atu
rally
pre
fers
sh
aded
an
d d
amp
loca
tion
s, b
ut
can
be
grow
n in
co
nta
iner
s u
sin
g a
wel
l dra
ined
pot
tin
g m
ix, i
n fu
ll su
n o
r p
arti
al s
had
e.
Mod
erat
e sa
linit
y to
lera
nce
.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Gro
w fr
om s
eed
in s
pri
ng,
or
from
cu
ttin
gs.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Leav
es a
nd
ste
ms
can
be
eate
n, t
aste
s si
mila
r to
Eu
rop
ean
par
sley
an
d
cele
ry. C
an b
e u
sed
in m
uch
th
e sa
me
way
as
Eu
rop
ean
par
sley
.
15
Atr
iple
x ci
ner
ea
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:U
nkn
own
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Coa
st S
altb
ush
Form
& S
ize:
S
hru
b u
p t
o 1m
, silv
er-g
rey
app
eara
nce
.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: N
atu
rally
occ
urs
in c
oast
al m
arsh
es. H
as h
igh
sal
t to
lera
nce
. Mod
erat
e w
ater
logg
ing
tole
ran
ce.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Rin
se fr
uit
to
rem
ove
salt
, or
rem
ove
seed
from
fru
it. S
ow s
eed
in
autu
mn
, ear
ly w
inte
r or
sp
rin
g. L
igh
tly
cove
r w
ith
soi
l an
d k
eep
moi
st.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Leav
es u
sed
as
sala
d g
reen
, can
be
bla
nch
ed. S
alty
.
Ph
oto:
Els
pet
h S
wan
Ban
ksia
mar
gin
ata
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:U
nkn
own
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Silv
er b
anks
ia, H
oney
suck
le
Form
& S
ize:
M
ediu
m s
hru
b t
o sm
all t
ree
to 2
m. L
eave
s -
dar
k ol
ive
gree
n, w
ith
w
hit
ish
un
der
sid
e. F
low
ers
- cy
lind
rica
l cre
am-y
ello
w u
p t
o 10
cm.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: T
he
pla
nt
favo
urs
a p
osit
ion
in fu
ll su
n o
r d
app
led
sh
ade.
Gen
eral
ly
har
dy
bu
t d
oes
not
like
wat
erlo
gged
soi
l. D
oes
not
tol
erat
e d
irec
t co
asta
l exp
osu
re.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Cu
ltiv
ate
by s
owin
g se
ed w
ith
a li
ght
cove
r of
soi
l in
win
ter
to s
pri
ng.
S
hou
ld g
erm
inat
e in
4-6
wee
ks.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Flow
er s
pik
es w
ere
bro
ken
off
an
d s
oake
d in
wat
er t
o m
ake
a sw
eet
dri
nk.
Gu
m fr
om G
old
en w
attl
e an
d B
lack
wat
tle
was
som
etim
es a
dd
ed.
Ph
oto:
Els
pet
h S
wan
Ph
oto:
Els
pet
h S
wan
17
Bill
ard
iera
cym
osa
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:K
un
du
wi
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Sw
eet
app
le-b
erry
Form
& S
ize:
Li
ght
clim
ber
wit
h w
iry
bra
nch
es, o
ften
fou
nd
gro
win
g th
rou
gh o
ther
p
lan
ts. L
eave
s -
glab
rou
s, n
arro
w t
o ob
lon
g, a
bou
t 2
-3cm
. Flo
wer
-h
ead
s -
tub
ula
r, sm
all w
ith
flar
ed t
ips,
cre
am t
hro
ugh
to
a b
luis
h w
hit
e,
som
etim
es p
urp
le, i
n c
lust
ers
nea
r en
d o
f bra
nch
es. F
ruit
- o
blo
ng
to
3cm
, fles
hy, o
ften
red
dis
h.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: Fu
ll su
n t
o se
mi s
had
e. S
uit
able
for:
ligh
t (s
and
y) a
nd
med
ium
(lo
amy)
so
ils a
nd
pre
fers
wel
l-d
rain
ed s
oil.
Su
itab
le p
H: a
cid
an
d n
eutr
al s
oils
. It
pre
fers
moi
st s
oil.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Ligh
tly
cove
r se
ed w
ith
pot
tin
g m
ix o
r b
ush
san
d in
mid
-win
ter
to
spri
ng.
Pla
ce in
war
m s
un
ny p
osit
ion
. Can
tak
e u
p t
o 8
wee
ks t
o ge
rmin
ate.
See
ds
may
nee
d t
o b
e w
ash
ed w
ith
det
erge
nt
to b
ecom
e cl
ean
.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Wh
en fr
uit
ch
ange
s fr
om g
reen
to
a m
aroo
n c
olou
r b
erri
es c
an b
e ea
ten
. An
isee
d fl
avou
r.
Ph
oto:
Els
pet
h S
wan
Ph
oto:
Els
pet
h S
wan
Bu
lbin
e b
ulb
osa
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:U
nkn
own
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Bu
lbin
e Li
ly
Form
& S
ize:
D
ense
ly t
uft
ed p
eren
nia
l her
b r
each
ing
75cm
.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: O
ften
ass
ocia
ted
wit
h w
ater
ret
enti
ve s
oils
or
soils
wh
ich
are
sea
son
ally
in
un
dat
ed, s
uch
as
nea
r sw
amp
s.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Ligh
tly
cove
r se
eds
wit
h p
rop
agat
ing
mix
or
bu
sh s
and
from
au
tum
n t
o ea
rly
win
ter.
Kee
p m
oist
an
d in
an
op
en p
osit
ion
.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Th
e p
lum
p, r
oun
d c
orm
s (t
ub
ers)
, can
be
eate
n a
ll ye
ar r
oun
d, a
lth
ough
it
will
tak
e a
few
yea
rs in
itia
lly fo
r th
e co
rm t
o m
atu
re. B
est
roas
ted
.
Ph
otos
: Els
pet
h S
wan
19
Bu
rch
ard
ia u
mb
ella
taS
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Un
know
n
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Bu
lbin
e Li
ly
Form
& S
ize:
D
ense
ly t
uft
ed p
eren
nia
l her
b r
each
ing
75cm
.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: O
ften
ass
ocia
ted
wit
h w
ater
ret
enti
ve s
oils
or
soils
wh
ich
are
sea
son
ally
in
un
dat
ed, s
uch
as
nea
r sw
amp
s.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Ligh
tly
cove
r se
eds
wit
h p
rop
agat
ing
mix
or
bu
sh s
and
from
au
tum
n t
o ea
rly
win
ter.
Kee
p m
oist
an
d in
an
op
en p
osit
ion
.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Th
e p
lum
p, r
oun
d c
orm
s (t
ub
ers)
, can
be
eate
n a
ll ye
ar r
oun
d, a
lth
ough
it
will
tak
e a
few
yea
rs in
itia
lly fo
r th
e co
rm t
o m
atu
re. B
est
roas
ted
.
Ph
oto:
Els
pet
h S
wan
Ph
oto:
Els
pet
h S
wan
Car
pob
rotu
s ro
ssii
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:K
een
g-a
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Pig
face
Form
& S
ize:
R
obu
st p
rost
rate
gro
un
d c
over
sp
read
ing
to s
ever
al m
etre
s. L
eave
s -
flesh
y. F
low
ers
- p
ink.
Fru
it -
rou
nd
, fles
hy w
ith
jelly
like
cen
tre.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: W
ell d
rain
ed s
oil a
nd
full
to p
arti
al s
un
. Dro
ugh
t to
lera
nt.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Can
be
grow
n fr
om s
eed
bu
t ea
sier
to
grow
veg
etat
ivel
y. P
ut
a p
iece
of
the
pla
nt
and
hee
l th
e b
roke
n e
nd
into
war
m a
nd
moi
st s
oil.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Wh
en fr
uit
rip
ens
to a
pin
kish
/ r
ed c
olou
r th
ey c
an b
e ea
ten
raw
or
dri
ed. F
ruit
rip
ens
in a
utu
mn
. Th
e sa
lty
leav
es w
ere
som
etim
es e
aten
ra
w o
r co
oked
an
d t
he
old
er p
lan
ts w
ere
use
d a
s a
med
icin
e to
tre
at
cuts
an
d b
ites
.
Ph
oto:
DE
WN
RP
hot
o: D
EW
NR
21
Con
volv
ulu
s re
mot
us
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:Ta
rook
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Au
stra
lian
bin
dw
eed
Form
& S
ize:
S
cram
blin
g ty
pe
her
b. F
low
ers
- p
ale
pin
k.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: Fo
un
d o
n a
var
iety
of s
oils
from
cla
ys t
o sa
nd
du
nes
, mos
tly
in
chen
opod
sh
rub
lan
ds
or A
caci
a op
en s
hru
bla
nd
s or
woo
dla
nd
s.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Cov
er s
eed
s w
ith
3-4
mm
pro
pag
atin
g m
ix a
nd
a li
ght
laye
r of
gra
vel.
Kee
p m
oist
an
d in
an
op
en p
osit
ion
. Sow
from
ear
ly s
pri
ng.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Roo
ts w
ere
du
g u
p a
nd
coo
ked
bef
ore
eati
ng.
Ph
oto:
Els
pet
h S
wan
Ph
oto:
Els
pet
h S
wan
Dia
nel
la r
evol
uta
var
. rev
olu
ta
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:P
eein
tuck
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Bla
ck a
nth
er fl
ax-l
ily, S
pre
adin
g fla
x lil
y
Form
& S
ize:
E
xtre
mel
y h
ard
y p
lan
t, c
an b
e in
sm
all c
lum
ps,
up
to
5m
acr
oss.
Fla
x lil
ies
hav
e st
rap
-lik
e le
aves
ari
sin
g fr
om t
he
bas
e an
d c
onta
in m
any
attr
acti
ve b
lue
star
-lik
e flo
wer
s d
uri
ng
spri
ng
and
ear
ly s
um
mer
. C
olou
rfu
l pu
rplis
h-b
lue
flesh
y fr
uit
s ap
pea
r d
uri
ng
Jan
uar
y an
d
Feb
ruar
y.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: Ve
ry h
ard
y w
ith
a w
ide
moi
stu
re, t
emp
erat
ure
an
d s
oil r
ange
.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Ligh
tly
cove
r se
ed w
ith
fin
e gr
avel
, kee
p m
oist
in a
n o
pen
war
m
pos
itio
n.s
ow la
te s
um
mer
th
rou
gh t
o sp
rin
g. D
irec
t so
w in
hig
h r
ain
fall
area
s in
mid
to
late
win
ter.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Juic
es fr
om b
erri
es w
ere
use
d t
o co
mb
at c
old
s. R
hiz
omat
ous
late
ral
root
s w
ere
scra
ped
cle
an, c
hew
ed a
nd
eat
en a
nd
wer
e h
elp
ful f
or c
old
s an
d p
eop
le n
ot fe
elin
g w
ell.
Leav
es w
ere
split
an
d tw
iste
d a
nd
use
d fo
r m
akin
g ti
es. R
epor
ted
to
be
very
str
ong.
23
Dod
onae
a vi
scos
a S
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Un
know
n
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Sti
cky
hop
bu
sh
Form
& S
ize:
E
rect
sh
rub
to
3m
, bri
ght
gree
n s
tick
y le
aves
. Gre
en fl
ower
s in
win
ter
turn
to
stri
kin
g re
d s
eed
pod
s in
sp
rin
g.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: In
gen
eral
, ext
rem
ely
har
dy
spec
ies
and
ab
le t
o re
-sp
rou
t fr
om t
he
bas
e.
Use
d s
ucc
essf
ully
as
a h
edge
du
e to
th
e d
ense
hab
it. D
oes
not
tol
erat
e d
irec
t co
asta
l exp
osu
re.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Ligh
tly
cove
r se
eds
wit
h p
rop
agat
ing
mix
in la
te w
inte
r to
sp
rin
g, k
eep
m
oist
. Du
nki
ng
seed
s in
ver
y h
ot w
ater
for
30
sec
ond
s an
d t
hen
rap
idly
co
olin
g th
em m
ay h
elp
sh
orte
n g
erm
inat
ion
tim
e.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Hop
-lik
e fr
uit
s w
ere
use
d b
y co
lon
ists
as
a su
bst
itu
te fo
r tr
ue
hop
s in
m
akin
g b
eer.
En
chyl
aen
a to
men
tosa
va
r. to
men
tosa
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:P
aran
ghu
ni
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Ru
by S
altb
ush
Form
& S
ize:
S
mal
l sh
rub
to
1m, c
over
ed in
den
se w
oolly
hai
rs.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: G
row
s in
a w
ide
ran
ge o
f soi
l typ
es. M
ost
ofte
n fo
un
d in
wel
l dra
ined
sa
nd
y so
ils. R
esis
tan
t to
dro
ugh
t an
d fr
ost.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Sow
see
d w
inte
r to
sp
rin
g. L
igh
tly
cove
r w
ith
san
d, k
eep
moi
st. V
ery
smal
l am
oun
t of
sal
t m
ixed
wit
h t
he
san
d m
ay a
ssis
t ge
rmin
atio
n.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Fru
it is
ed
ible
, sal
ty-s
wee
t.
25
Exo
carp
os c
up
ress
iform
isS
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Un
know
n
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Nat
ive
cher
ry, C
her
ry B
alla
rt
Form
& S
ize:
Ta
ll sh
rub
to
smal
l tre
e to
8, c
ypre
ss-l
ike
folia
ge. F
low
ers
- ve
ry s
mal
l gr
een
. Fru
it -
fles
hy, r
ipen
ing
to a
red
col
our.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: W
ides
pre
ad in
a v
arie
ty o
f hab
itat
s an
d s
oils
. Fro
st t
oler
ant.
Fu
ll su
n,
sem
i-sh
ade.
Roo
t p
aras
ite,
usu
ally
gro
win
g n
ear
Eu
caly
pts
.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Cov
er s
eed
s w
ith
5m
m o
f san
dy
or lo
amy
bu
sh s
oil f
rom
ear
ly w
inte
r. K
eep
in a
n o
pen
war
m p
osit
ion
. Pla
nt
out
wit
hin
12
mon
ths
in a
n
area
wh
ere
pot
enti
al h
osts
occ
ur,
such
as
Eu
caly
ptu
s, M
yrta
ceae
, P
rote
acea
e, L
egu
min
osae
or
Cas
uar
inac
eae
spec
ies.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Fru
it is
ed
ible
, gen
eral
ly s
par
se o
n t
he
tree
bu
t en
joya
ble
sn
ack
wh
en
rip
e. F
ruit
a r
edd
ish
col
our
wh
en r
ipe.
Bu
rnt
leav
es r
epel
inse
cts.
Not
e:T
he
fru
it o
f th
e si
mila
r sp
ecie
s -
Exo
carp
os s
yrti
cola
(C
oast
Bal
lart
/
Pan
pan
dii)
– w
as a
lso
eate
n. L
eave
s w
ere
also
bu
rnt
to r
epel
inse
cts.
Ph
oto:
Els
pet
h S
wan
Ph
oto:
Els
pet
h S
wan
Ger
aniu
m r
etro
rsu
mS
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Un
know
n
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Gra
ssla
nd
ger
aniu
m
Form
& S
ize:
P
rost
rate
or
scra
mb
ling
per
enn
ial h
erb
wit
h s
tem
s to
50
cm
lon
g, s
oftl
y h
airy
.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: S
um
mer
dry
, win
ter
moi
st s
oils
wh
ich
are
nev
er in
un
dat
ed fo
r lo
ng,
in
low
lan
d g
rass
lan
ds
and
gra
ssy
woo
dla
nd
. Sem
i sh
ade
to p
arti
al s
had
e.
Pla
nt
un
der
est
ablis
hed
tre
es in
a s
had
y p
osit
ion
.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Cu
ltiv
ate
vege
tati
vely
.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Ger
aniu
m s
pec
ies
- ro
ots
wer
e ea
ten
.
Ph
oto:
DE
WN
R
27
Ku
nze
a p
omife
raS
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Ngu
rp, M
un
thar
r
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Mu
ntr
ies
Form
& S
ize:
G
rou
nd
cov
er, o
ccas
ion
ally
sem
i-p
rost
rate
. Can
be
grow
n o
n t
relli
s.
Rad
ial b
ran
ches
sp
read
ing
up
to
3 m
etre
s in
all
dir
ecti
ons.
Lea
ves
- sm
all,
oval
, rou
nd
. Flo
wer
s -
wh
ite
wit
h p
rom
inen
t st
amen
s. F
ruit
-
glob
ula
r gr
een
, rip
enin
g to
a r
edd
ish
, pu
rple
in c
olou
r.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: Fa
vou
red
con
dit
ion
- L
imes
ton
e sa
nd
s. F
ree
dra
inin
g so
il in
sh
elte
red
co
nd
itio
ns.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Pro
pag
ate
vege
tati
vely
. To
grow
from
see
d li
ghtl
y co
ver
wit
h
pro
pag
atin
g m
ix in
sp
rin
g to
ear
ly s
um
mer
. Pla
ce in
a w
arm
pos
itio
n
wit
h g
ood
ligh
t an
d k
eep
moi
st.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Ber
ries
ed
ible
. Ber
ries
wer
e ea
ten
fres
h o
r p
oun
ded
tog
eth
er o
n a
sto
ne
dis
h, m
akin
g a
pas
te w
hic
h w
as p
lace
d t
o d
ry a
nd
th
en e
aten
du
rin
g w
inte
r or
wh
en n
eed
ed. B
erri
es m
atu
re fr
om J
anu
ary
to M
arch
.
Ph
oto:
Kie
ran
Sm
ith
Lava
tera
ple
bei
aS
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Un
know
n
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Au
stra
lian
hol
lyh
ock
Form
& S
ize:
H
erb
aceo
us
erec
t p
eren
nia
l to
4 m
hig
h.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: Fa
irly
tol
eran
t of
soi
l typ
e, p
rob
able
pre
fere
nce
for
wel
l dra
ined
soi
l. S
un
ny p
osit
ion
.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Sow
see
ds
in s
pri
ng,
pla
nt
seed
lings
ou
t in
ear
ly s
um
mer
.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Fib
rou
s ro
ots
eate
n, p
ossi
bly
raw
or
cook
ed. B
ark
use
d fo
r m
akin
g st
rin
g. Y
oun
g le
aves
wer
e p
ossi
bly
eat
en r
aw o
r co
oked
.
Ph
otos
: Els
pet
h S
wan
29
Leu
cop
ogon
par
viflo
rus
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:N
goor
-le
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Coa
st b
eard
-hea
th, N
ativ
e cu
rran
t
Form
& S
ize:
S
hru
b w
ith
den
se fo
liage
up
to
3 m
. Dar
k ob
lon
g le
aves
to
3 c
m, w
ith
p
oin
ted
tip
. Flo
wer
s -
wh
ite
in c
lust
ers.
Fru
it -
glo
bu
lar
wh
ite
wh
en r
ipe,
su
ccu
len
t.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: S
and
y so
ils o
ver
limes
ton
e or
gra
nit
e. T
oler
ates
coa
stal
con
dit
ion
s.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Sow
fres
h s
eed
from
Ap
ril t
o ea
rly
win
ter
just
ben
eath
soi
l. P
lace
in c
ool
par
tial
sh
ade
and
kee
p m
oist
. Allo
w s
ever
al m
onth
s fo
r ge
rmin
atio
n.
Str
atifi
cati
on o
f see
d m
ay h
elp
red
uce
ger
min
atio
n t
ime.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Fru
it e
aten
fres
h w
hen
rip
e. F
ruit
rip
ens
in D
ecem
ber
to
Jan
uar
y.
Con
tain
s sm
all h
ard
see
d.
Lom
and
ra lo
ngi
folia
S
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Kar
awu
n
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Sp
iny-
hea
ded
mat
-ru
sh
Form
& S
ize:
In
clu
mp,
up
to
1m. L
eave
s -
lon
g, s
trap
-lik
e. F
low
ers
- on
sp
ikes
wit
h
smal
l cre
am fl
ower
s w
ith
sp
ines
. Ver
y h
ard
y.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: S
and
y so
ils. V
ery
har
dy
and
ver
y h
igh
tol
eran
ce t
o m
oist
ure
an
d
dry
nes
s.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Pro
pag
ate
by d
ivis
ion
ove
r w
inte
r. To
gro
w fr
om s
eed
ligh
tly
cove
r fr
esh
se
ed w
ith
pro
pag
atin
g m
ix o
r fin
e gr
avel
in a
utu
mn
. Kee
p m
oist
in a
n
open
pos
itio
n. G
erm
inat
ion
can
tak
e u
p t
o tw
o m
onth
s.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Flow
ers
and
bas
e of
leav
es c
an b
e ea
ten
. Lea
ves
wer
e u
sed
for
mak
ing
bas
kets
an
d m
ats.
31
Mic
rose
ris
lan
ceol
ata
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:M
urn
ong,
Mu
ura
ng
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Yam
dai
sy, M
urn
ong
Form
& S
ize:
H
erb
up
to
30
cm w
ith
yel
low
dai
sy-l
ike
flow
ers.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: G
row
s w
ell i
n fu
ll su
n t
o p
art
shad
e, a
ll so
il ty
pes
an
d w
ell-
dra
ined
to
dry
co
nd
itio
ns.
It is
dro
ugh
t an
d m
oder
atel
y fr
ost
tole
ran
t.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Cov
er fr
esh
see
d li
ghtl
y in
late
win
ter
to s
pri
ng.
Kee
p m
oist
in a
n o
pen
p
osit
ion
.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Rad
ish
-lik
e tu
ber
s w
ere
du
g u
p, w
ash
ed a
nd
pla
ced
in o
ven
s, o
ften
ov
ern
igh
t an
d a
llow
ed t
o co
ok s
low
ly. T
ub
ers
can
als
o b
e ea
ten
raw
an
d
are
avai
lab
le s
pri
ng,
su
mm
er, a
utu
mn
, les
s p
alat
able
in w
inte
r.
Ph
oto:
Els
pet
h S
wan
Myo
por
um
insu
lare
S
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Un
know
n
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Com
mon
boo
bia
lla
Form
& S
ize:
La
rge
shru
b t
o sm
all t
ree,
gro
ws
2-5
m. T
hic
k lig
ht
gree
n fl
eshy
leav
es,
wh
ite
flow
ers
win
ter
to s
pri
ng,
pu
rple
ber
ry fr
uit
. Att
ract
s b
ird
s an
d
bu
tter
flies
.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: Fu
ll su
n. T
hri
ves
in w
ell d
rain
ed s
and
y so
ils in
coa
stal
hab
itat
s b
ut
can
to
lera
te r
egio
ns
wit
h le
ngt
hy w
et p
erio
ds
and
hea
vy s
oils
. Kn
own
to
be
fros
t to
lera
nt.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Gro
w v
eget
ativ
ely
wit
h fr
esh
bu
t fi
rm n
ew t
ip g
row
th. T
o gr
ow fr
om
seed
cov
er s
eed
wit
h 2
-3m
m o
f san
dy
loam
com
pos
t p
rop
agat
ing
mix
or
fin
e gr
avel
. Sow
fres
h s
eed
late
su
mm
er t
o au
tum
n. P
lace
in o
pen
p
osit
ion
wit
h s
ome
shad
e on
hot
day
s.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Wh
en r
ipe
the
fru
it c
an b
e ea
ten
.
Ph
oto:
DE
WN
R
33
Ole
aria
axi
llari
s S
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Un
know
n
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Coa
st d
aisy
-bu
sh
Form
& S
ize:
M
ediu
m t
o ta
ll sh
rub
wit
h m
any
bra
nch
es, u
p t
o 3
m. A
rom
atic
folia
ge.
Wh
ite
dai
sy li
ke fl
ower
s in
su
mm
er a
nd
au
tum
n.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: Fu
ll su
n t
o se
mi s
had
e. F
oun
d in
san
d d
un
es, a
nd
als
o ap
pea
rs o
n
limes
ton
e an
d r
ocky
slo
pes
alo
ng
the
coas
tlin
e.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
In la
te w
inte
r to
sp
rin
g co
ver
fres
h s
eed
ligh
tly
wit
h p
rop
agat
ing
mix
. K
eep
moi
st in
an
op
en p
osit
ion
.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Use
d a
s an
inse
ct r
epel
len
t by
ab
orig
inal
peo
ple
wh
o w
ould
ru
b t
he
folia
ge o
ver
thei
r sk
in t
o re
leas
e th
e ar
oma
from
th
e le
aves
.
Ph
oto:
DE
WN
R
Pel
argo
niu
m a
ust
rale
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:U
nkn
own
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Au
stra
lian
pel
argo
niu
m, A
ust
ral s
tork
s b
ill
Form
& S
ize:
S
mal
l, h
erb
aceo
us
pla
nt
to a
bou
t 0
.5 m
etre
s h
igh
.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: H
ard
y in
a r
ange
of s
oils
an
d p
refe
rs fu
ll su
n o
r lig
ht
shad
e.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Ligh
tly
cove
r se
ed fr
om a
utu
mn
, kee
p m
oist
.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Roo
ts w
ere
eate
n.
Ph
oto:
Els
pet
h S
wan
35
Ph
ragm
ites
au
stra
lisS
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Ch
arr-
ak
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Com
mon
ree
d
Form
& S
ize:
Ta
ll re
ed 1
-3m
in h
eigh
t. B
ran
chle
ts a
re r
igid
an
d e
rect
, bam
boo
-lik
e,
som
etim
es r
each
ing
5m
. Lea
ves
- lo
ng,
tap
erin
g 20
-50
cm. F
low
ers
- p
ale.
Flu
ffy,
at
the
end
of t
he
stem
s.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: T
hri
ves
in s
low
mov
ing
wat
er fr
om 2
50
mm
to
1m a
s w
ell a
s sw
amp
ar
eas,
mar
shla
nd
s an
d m
argi
nal
are
as. S
uit
able
for
coas
tal w
ater
way
s w
ith
hig
her
sal
t le
vels
.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Pro
pag
ate
by r
oot
div
isio
n.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Har
vest
in s
pri
ng.
Ab
orig
inal
s in
oth
er p
arts
of t
he
cou
ntr
y u
sed
th
e le
aves
for
wea
vin
g. T
all s
tron
g st
ems
wer
e u
sed
for
spea
rs. I
nd
igen
ous
Nor
th A
mer
ican
s u
sed
th
e st
ron
g st
ems
of t
hei
r lo
cal v
arie
ties
as
arro
w
shaf
ts. S
talk
s ar
e u
sed
for
roof
th
atch
ing
in p
arts
of E
uro
pe.
Rh
agod
ia c
and
olle
ana
spp
can
dol
lean
a S
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Un
know
n
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Sea
-Ber
ry S
alt
Bu
sh
Form
& S
ize:
S
pre
adin
g sh
rub
of s
ever
al m
etre
s. L
eave
s -
som
ewh
at fl
eshy
an
d
oblo
ng.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: G
row
s in
exp
osed
or
shad
ed a
reas
. Tol
eran
ces
- Wet
, Sal
ine,
Coa
stal
, S
had
e.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Ligh
tly
cove
r se
ed w
ith
pro
pag
atin
g m
ix fr
om e
arly
win
ter
to s
pri
ng.
K
eep
moi
st in
an
op
en p
osit
ion
.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Dee
p r
ed r
ipe
fru
it w
ere
som
etim
es e
aten
, th
ough
th
ey a
re n
ot v
ery
tast
y. F
ruit
rip
ens
from
su
mm
er t
o au
tum
n. L
eave
s m
ay h
ave
bee
n
eate
n. F
ruit
was
use
d t
o d
ye p
atte
rns
in c
loth
ing.
37
Ph
oto:
Kie
ran
Sm
ith
.
Sam
bu
cus
gau
dic
hau
dia
na
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:U
nkn
own
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Wh
ite
Eld
erb
erry
Form
& S
ize:
U
pri
ght
her
bac
eou
s p
eren
nia
l su
b-s
hru
b w
ith
an
nu
al s
tem
s to
35
cm.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: M
oist
wel
l dra
ined
soi
ls, o
ften
am
ongs
t ro
cks
in c
ool s
had
ed m
oun
tain
fo
rest
s. S
emi-
shad
e to
dap
ple
d s
had
e
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Gro
w c
utt
ings
of m
atu
re w
ood
of t
he
curr
ent
seas
on’s
gro
wth
, 15
-
20cm
wit
h a
hee
l, in
late
au
tum
n.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Fles
hy fr
uit
s ea
ten
raw
.
Sar
coco
rnia
qu
inq
uefl
ora
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:U
nkn
own
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Sam
ph
ire,
Bea
ded
Gla
ssw
ort
Form
& S
ize:
S
pre
adin
g p
rost
rate
su
ccu
len
t p
lan
t.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: Gen
eral
ly
pre
sen
t in
sal
ine
con
dit
ion
s, o
n fr
inge
s of
sal
ty w
ater
bod
ies.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Pro
pag
ate
vege
tati
vely
into
sim
ilar
grow
ing
con
dit
ion
s of
th
e p
aren
t p
lan
t.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
An
ed
ible
gre
en. C
an b
e b
lan
ched
or
pic
kled
.
39
Sca
evol
a ca
len
du
lace
aS
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Un
know
n
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Du
ne
Fan
-flow
er
Form
& S
ize:
S
pra
wlin
g le
afy
cree
per
to
1m w
ide
wit
h t
hic
k an
d h
airy
folia
ge. F
an-
shap
ed fl
ower
s, p
ale
blu
e co
lou
r m
ost
of t
he
year
an
d a
pu
rple
col
oure
d
ber
ry.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: G
ood
dra
inag
e an
d d
eep
san
dy
soil.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
In e
arly
win
ter
sow
th
e h
ard
bon
y en
doc
arp
s b
enea
th 5
mm
of w
ell
dra
ined
san
dy
pro
pag
atin
g m
ix. K
eep
moi
st.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Sal
ty-s
wee
t ta
ste.
Pu
rplis
h c
olou
red
ber
ries
can
be
eate
n.
Ph
oto:
DE
WN
R
Ph
oto:
Els
pet
h S
wan
Ph
oto:
DE
WN
R
Tetr
agon
ia im
ple
xico
ma
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:U
nkn
own
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Bow
er s
pin
ach
Form
& S
ize:
S
cram
blin
g p
rost
rate
sem
i sh
rub
wit
h p
rost
rate
bra
nch
es t
o 3
m o
r m
ore,
oft
en in
clin
ed t
o cl
imb
ove
r ot
her
veg
etat
ion
. Lea
ves
- su
ccu
len
t,
oblo
ng
to la
nce
sh
aped
to
5cm
. Fru
it -
glo
bu
lar,
succ
ule
nt.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: To
lera
nce
s - W
et, D
ry, S
alin
e, C
oast
al, S
had
e.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Gro
w fr
om c
utt
ings
.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Leav
es a
nd
you
ng
stem
s ed
ible
, can
be
bla
nch
ed a
nd
use
d li
ke s
pin
ach
or
War
riga
l gre
ens.
41
Trig
loch
in p
roce
ra
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:N
erel
i
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Wat
er r
ibb
ons
Form
& S
ize:
W
ater
pla
nt
that
has
man
y d
ark
gree
n s
trap
-lik
e le
aves
wh
ich
floa
t on
th
e w
ater
su
rfac
e, u
p t
o 1m
lon
g. T
all s
talk
th
at b
ear
flow
ers.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: R
equ
ired
to
be
sub
mer
ged
in fr
eshw
ater
to
1.5
m d
eep
or
area
s su
bje
ct
to r
egu
lar
inu
nd
atio
n.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Gro
w b
y d
ivis
ion
in s
pri
ng.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Tub
ers
are
cris
p a
nd
sw
eet
and
wer
e co
oked
in g
rou
nd
ove
ns
and
eat
en.
Can
be
eate
n r
aw. F
ruit
may
hav
e b
een
eat
en.
Typ
ha
dom
inge
nsi
sS
E A
bor
igin
al N
ame:
Cu
mb
un
gi, P
oort
eech
, Man
angk
ari
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Cu
mb
un
gi, B
ulr
ush
Form
& S
ize:
R
eed
-lik
e p
lan
t w
hic
h c
an r
each
2m
. Bra
nch
lets
can
als
o gr
ow t
o 2
m
term
inat
ing
wit
h a
clu
ster
ed fl
ower
hea
d. L
eave
s -
thic
k, s
oft,
nar
row
to
app
roxi
mat
ely
1m. F
low
er h
ead
s u
p t
o 20
cm, b
righ
t b
row
n a
nd
vel
vety
fe
el.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: G
row
s on
th
e ed
ge o
f wet
lan
ds
and
per
man
ent
lake
s an
d s
wam
ps.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Pro
pag
ate
by r
oot
div
isio
n.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
New
sh
oots
an
d u
nd
ergr
oun
d s
tem
s (r
hiz
omes
) w
ere
eate
n. R
oots
wer
e co
oked
an
d r
oast
ed, t
hen
ch
ewed
. Som
etim
es t
he
root
s w
ere
twis
ted
, an
d w
ith
th
e lo
osen
ing
of t
he
fibre
s, a
qu
anti
ty o
f glu
ten
res
emb
ling
flou
r w
as s
hak
en o
ut
and
use
d fo
r m
akin
g d
ough
-lik
e m
ater
ial.
In o
ther
p
arts
of t
he
glob
e th
e le
aves
of o
ther
var
ieti
es o
f Typ
ha
wer
e u
sed
for
that
chin
g an
d w
eavi
ng.
Flo
wer
s w
ere
use
d a
s d
own
. Sp
lit fl
ower
sta
lks
wer
e al
so u
sed
for
wea
vin
g.
43
Sou
rcin
g of
Pla
nts
for
you
r G
ard
enLO
CA
L N
UR
SE
RIE
SW
ith
reg
ard
s to
sou
rcin
g p
lan
ts fo
r yo
ur
own
gar
den
th
e fo
llow
ing
nu
rser
ies
stoc
k m
any
ind
igen
ous
spec
ies:
Mim
osa
Farm
Tre
esLo
cati
on:
412
Bon
es R
oad
M
oun
t S
chan
k S
A 5
29
1W
eb:
w
ww
.mim
osaf
arm
tree
s.co
mP
hon
e:
(08
) 8
738
80
70E-
mai
l: m
imos
a2@
big
pon
d.c
om
Nat
ure
Gle
nel
g Tr
ust
Com
mu
nit
y N
urs
ery
Web
:
ww
w.n
atu
regl
enel
g.or
g.au
Eu
cale
uca
Nat
ive
Nu
rser
yLo
cati
on:
Th
omp
son
s R
d, N
arac
oort
e S
A 5
271
Ph
one:
(0
8)
876
2 2
06
1
Bu
rran
die
s
Pla
nts
grow
n up
on r
eque
stW
eb:
w
ww
.bu
rran
die
s.or
gP
hon
e:
(08
) 8
725
620
0E-
mai
l: ad
min
@b
urr
and
ies.
org
CO
LLEC
TIN
G P
LAN
TS A
ND
SE
ED
FR
OM
TH
E W
ILD
Col
lect
ing
pla
nts
an
d s
eed
from
th
e w
ild c
an p
oten
tial
ly h
ave
a n
egat
ive
imp
act
on lo
cal
ecos
yste
ms.
A p
erm
it fr
om t
he
Dep
artm
ent
of E
nvir
onm
ent,
Wat
er a
nd
Nat
ura
l Res
ourc
es
(DE
WN
R)
is r
equ
ired
to
colle
ct a
ny n
ativ
e p
lan
ts o
r p
lan
t m
ater
ial f
rom
pu
blic
lan
ds
in S
outh
A
ust
ralia
. Col
lect
ing
on p
riva
te la
nd
req
uir
es a
per
mit
un
der
cer
tain
cir
cum
stan
ces;
how
ever
yo
u s
hou
ld a
lway
s se
ek p
erm
issi
on fr
om t
he
lan
dow
ner
. Mor
e in
form
atio
n a
nd
ap
plic
atio
n fo
rms
can
be
fou
nd
on
th
e D
EW
NR
web
site
: htt
p:/
/ww
w.e
nvir
onm
ent.
sa.g
ov.a
u/D
o_It
_On
line/
Pla
nt_
per
mit
s B
rin
gin
g in
pla
nts
from
oth
er r
egio
ns
to t
he
Sou
th E
ast
can
res
ult
in a
ste
rile
gen
erat
ion
fo
r so
me
spec
ies,
so
this
is n
ot a
dvi
sed
.
EX
TR
A IN
FOR
MA
TIO
N O
N G
RO
WIN
G N
AT
IVE
PLA
NTS
Gro
win
g N
ativ
e P
lan
ts, A
ust
ralia
n N
atio
nal
Bot
anic
Gar
den
sw
ww
.an
bg.
gov.
au/g
np
Flor
aban
k Fa
ct S
hee
ts, G
reen
ing
Au
stra
liaw
ww
.flor
aban
k.or
g.au
/lu
cid
/key
/Sp
ecie
s%20
Nav
igat
or/M
edia
/Htm
l/in
dex
.htm
NA
TIV
E F
OO
D L
INK
S
Ab
orig
inal
Use
Pla
nts
of t
he
Gre
ater
Mel
bou
rne
Are
aw
ww
.latr
obe.
edu
.au
/wild
life/
dow
nlo
ads/
Ab
orig
inal
-pla
nt-
use
-lis
t.p
df
Gre
enlin
k B
ox H
ill In
c.w
ww
.sit
es.g
oogl
e.co
m/s
ite/
gree
nlin
kbox
hill
/in
form
atio
n-p
aper
s/ab
orig
inal
-use
s-of
-loc
al-p
lan
ts
Xan
thor
rhoe
a au
stra
lis
SE
Ab
orig
inal
Nam
e:B
ukk
up
Com
mon
Nam
e:
Au
stra
l gra
ss-t
ree
Form
& S
ize:
La
rge
per
enn
ial h
erb
th
at d
evel
ops
a tr
un
k, u
p t
o 2
m, s
up
por
tin
g a
den
se c
row
n o
f gra
ss-l
ike
leav
es. F
low
er h
ead
s u
p t
o 15
0cm
on
lon
g st
ems
up
to
25
0cm
, wh
ite
to c
ream
in c
olou
r.
Soi
l Typ
e, P
osit
ion
, To
lera
nce
: W
ell d
rain
ed s
oil.
Fros
t to
lera
nt.
Fu
ll su
n o
r se
mi s
had
e.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n:
Ear
ly s
pri
ng
to a
utu
mn
cov
er s
eed
wit
h 4
mm
of s
oil o
r fin
e gr
avel
. Kee
p
moi
st in
an
op
en, s
un
ny p
osit
ion
.
Use
& H
arve
stin
g:
Sof
t b
ases
of t
he
you
ng
leav
es w
ere
chew
ed fo
r th
eir
swee
t, n
utt
y ta
ste.
You
ng
root
s w
ere
also
kn
own
to
be
succ
ule
nt.
Nec
tar
from
th
e ti
ny w
hit
e flo
wer
s w
as li
cked
an
d e
aten
. A s
wee
t d
rin
k co
uld
be
mad
e by
soa
kin
g th
e flo
wer
sta
lk in
wat
er. S
eed
s fr
om t
he
flow
er s
talk
can
b
e cr
ush
ed in
to fl
our.
Th
e so
ft w
ood
of t
he
flow
er s
pik
e w
as u
sed
as
the
bas
e fo
r a
fire
dri
ll. T
he
stal
k co
uld
be
use
d t
o m
ake
the
shaf
t fo
r a
ligh
t-w
eigh
t sp
ear.
Res
in fr
om t
he
tru
nk
was
mel
ted
to
mak
e a
stro
ng
adh
esiv
e fo
r b
ind
ing
mat
eria
ls t
oget
her
, e.g
. a s
har
p s
ton
e to
a s
pea
r sh
aft.
Res
in c
ould
als
o b
e u
sed
as
a w
ater
pro
ofin
g ag
ent.
It d
ries
ver
y h
ard
.
Com
mon
Nat
ive
Pla
nts
of
th
e C
ooro
ng
Reg
ion
: Id
enti
ficat
ion
, Pro
pag
atio
n,
His
tori
cal u
ses.
Nev
ille
Bon
ney
Use
s of
Nat
ive
Pla
nts
in t
he
Sou
th E
ast
of S
outh
Au
stra
lia
by t
he
Ind
igen
ous
Peo
ple
b
efor
e 18
39.
Nev
ille
Bon
ney
Wh
at S
outh
Eas
t N
ativ
e P
lan
t Is
Th
at?
Nev
ille
Bon
ney
Kn
owin
g G
row
ing
Eat
ing
Edib
le W
ild N
ativ
e P
lan
ts fo
r S
outh
ern
Au
stra
lia.
Nev
ille
Bon
ney
Th
e R
ocks
: Le
s C
har
pen
tier
s.
Leon
ie O
’Mea
ra
Nev
ille
Bon
ney
Wh
at S
eed
Is T
hat
? A
gu
ide
to t
he
iden
tific
atio
n,
colle
ctio
n, g
erm
inat
ion
an
d
esta
blis
hm
ent
of n
ativ
e p
lan
t sp
ecie
s fo
r ce
ntr
al s
outh
ern
A
ust
ralia
n la
nd
scap
es.
Nev
ille
Bon
ney
Nev
ille’
s b
ooks
can
be
pu
rch
ased
dir
ectl
y fr
om h
im b
y co
nta
ctin
g h
im v
ia e
-mai
l: n
bon
ney
@se
net
.com
.au
Th
ey c
an a
lso
be
pu
rch
ased
at:
Col
lins
Boo
ksel
lers
Mou
nt
Gam
bie
r 3
2 C
omm
erci
al S
tree
t Wes
t M
oun
t G
amb
ier
NE
VIL
LE B
ON
NE
Y’S
BO
OK
S O
N S
OU
TH
EA
ST
PLA
NTS
For
mor
e d
etai
led
info
rmat
ion
on
th
e p
lan
ts li
sted
in t
his
gu
ide
(an
d m
any
oth
ers)
, th
e fo
llow
ing
boo
ks a
re fa
nta
stic
res
ourc
es.
DIS
CLA
IME
R.
Th
e C
ity
of M
oun
t G
amb
ier
doe
s n
ot t
ake
any
resp
onsi
bili
ty fo
r an
y ad
vers
e eff
ects
from
th
e u
se o
f pla
nts
iden
tifie
d in
th
is
pu
blic
atio
n. T
he
info
rmat
ion
pro
vid
ed is
just
a g
uid
e an
d is
sim
ply
sta
tin
g w
hic
h p
lan
ts o
f th
e re
gion
Ab
orig
inal
peo
ple
are
kn
own
to
hav
e ea
ten
or
use
d fo
r m
ater
ials
. Som
e p
eop
le h
ave
bee
n k
now
n t
o h
ave
neg
ativ
e b
odily
rea
ctio
ns
wh
en e
atin
g p
lan
ts t
hat
th
ey a
re n
ot u
sed
to.
As
wit
h a
ny n
ew fo
od, c
auti
on is
ad
vise
d, e
spec
ially
wit
h r
egar
ds
to p
oten
tial
alle
rgic
rea
ctio
ns.
A
lway
s co
nsu
lt a
med
ical
pro
fess
ion
al b
efor
e tr
yin
g u
nkn
own
food
s. N
ever
eat
a p
lan
t u
nle
ss y
ou k
now
exa
ctly
wh
at it
is. D
o n
ot
eat
wet
lan
d p
lan
ts t
hat
are
gro
win
g in
are
as t
hat
can
acc
um
ula
te p
ollu
tan
ts e
.g. u
rban
dra
inag
e in
fras
tru
ctu
re.
10 Watson Terrace (PO Box 56)
Mount Gambier SA 5290
Phone 08 8721 2555
Email [email protected]
www.mountgambier.sa.gov.au
