User Requirements for GNSS Interoperability at Global, Regional, National and Local Scales Matt...

User Requirements for GNSS Interoperability

at Global, Regional, National and Local Scales

Matt HigginsCo-Chair of Working Group D of theInternational Committee on GNSS

andPresident IGNSS Society of Australia

China Satellite Navigation Conference - Shanghai - May 2011 2




National PerspectiveGlobal PerspectiveRegional PerspectiveLocal Perspective





From GPS to GNSS


RNSS Also





• Interoperability refers to the ability of open global and regional satellite navigation and timing services to be used together to provide better capabilities at the user level than would be achieved by relying solely on one service or signal. • Ideal interoperability allows navigation with signals from at least four different

systems with no additional receiver cost or complexity. • Common centre frequencies are essential to interoperability, and commonality of

other signal characteristics is desirable. • Multiple constellations broadcasting interoperable open signals will result in

improved observed geometry, increasing end user accuracy everywhere and improving service availability in environments where satellite visibility is often obscured.

• Geodetic reference frames and system time standards should also be considered. • Any additional solutions to improve interoperability are encouraged.

UN ICG Definition: Interoperability





• Can be classified in terms of Accuracy and ReliabilityUser Requirements

Accu

racy

Req

uire

men

t

L

ow

Med

ium

Hig

h

Low Medium High

Reliability Requirement

MassMarket

Surveying

Aviation

Surveying and Machine Guidance

…or more generically…Precise Positioning


User RequirementsMeeting this huge demand requires

GNSS EnabledAutomation

GDP Growth vs Steel DemandMultiply per capita by Population and China already consumes 8 times more steel than South Korea!


User RequirementsAc

cura

cy R

equi

rem

ent

Low

M

ediu

m

H

igh

Low Medium High

Reliability Requirement

SBAS, GBAS,

RAIM

More Signals

Better InfrastructurePrecise Positioning

Aviation

GLONASS Arriving,

Dual Frequency?

What will theNext Wave of

Demanding Users Require?

MassMarket


• Accuracy• Reliability

Requirements from Interoperability

• Availability

Constellations GPS, Galileo, Glonass, Compass, QZSS, WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, GAGAN, IRNSS (Source Rizos, 2009)

GPS satellite GPS satellite

GPS users (car navigation etc.)

Comparable signal with GPS

satellite

Quasi-Zenith Satellite


• Accuracy• Reliability• Availability


• Performance

Signal Strength Multipath

Mitigation Robustness to

Jamming


• Accuracy• Reliability• Availability• Performance


• Functionality

Don’t just need copies of GPS; New functionality will bring

new innovations; Galileo - Search and Rescue

Service; QZSS – downlink capability.


• Accuracy• Reliability• Availability• Performance


• Functionality

Beidou - SMS capability is a simple but powerful enhancement (740,000 messages in the wake of the Sichuan Earthquake).


So what are the “Enablers”

for these improvements promised by

Interoperability?

• Accuracy• Reliability• Availability• Performance• Functionality



Global EnablersRegional EnablersNational EnablersLocal Enablers

• Accuracy• Reliability• Availability• Performance• Functionality



Systems/Infrastructure: GNSS Space Segments; GNSS Control Segments; GNSS Ground Segments;

User Access: Signal characteristics such as

common centre frequencies; Affordable user equipment;

Institutional Arrangements: Bi-Lateral Agreements; Multi-Lateral Agreements;

Global Enablers Capacity Development:

International Conferences; R&D Cooperation; Assisting Developing Countries;

Standards: Data Formats; Global Scientific Services

(GGOS); Consistent System Times or at

least published offsets; Consistent Geodetic Reference

Frames or at least published alignments.


Regional Enablers Systems/Infrastructure:

RNSS ~ all three segments; Space Based Augmentation

Systems; Regional Reference Stations;

User Access: RNSS signals that are

interoperable with GNSS; Institutional Arrangements:

Capacity Development: Regional Conferences and cross

fertilisation between National Conferences;

R&D Cooperation; Assisting Developing Countries;

Standards: Regional Geodetic Reference

Frames such as APREF in the Asia Pacific and the supporting infrastructure;


National Enablers Systems/Infrastructure:

Hosting of GNSS, RNSS or SBAS Monitoring Stations;

National components of regional Augmentation Systems;

National Networks of Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS);

User Access: GNSS Augmentation Users

require Communications coverage;

Institutional Arrangements: Legislation and Policies; National Space Agencies; GNSS Coordination Activities;

Capacity Development: National Conferences; GNSS R&D Funding and

Cooperation; Industry Development; Innovation competitions;

Standards: Legislation and Policies; “GNSS Ready” Geodetic

Reference Frame.


Local Enablers Systems/Infrastructure:

Local Augmentation Systems (GNSS and non-GNSS);

Real Time Positioning Services based on dense CORS Networks;

User Access: Local Communication

Solutions to support GNSS and non-GNSS Augmentation;

Local equipment supply and support;

Institutional Arrangements: Industry Clusters for local

niche applications; Local User Groups;

Capacity Development: Schools; Universities ~ GNSS Courses plus

R&D for local niche industries; In-House Training; Local Workshops;

Standards: Legislation and Policies; Project Specifications;

Positioning Infrastructure is based on the Global Navigation Satellite Systems…

Telstra NextG Queensland Coverage


Achieving Full Interoperability

Glo

bal

Loca

l

Nati

onal

Regi

onal

Enablers Infrastructure User Access Institutional Arrangements Capacity Development Standards

Requirements

Accuracy

Reliability

Availability

Performance

Functionality


IGNSS 2011Incorporating the

International Symposium on GPS & GNSS

15 – 17 November 2011Sydney, Australia

www.ignss.org


Thanks for your attention.Matt Higgins

[email protected]

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