Uses of Operational and Non-Operational Data

Mladen Kezunovic Texas A&M Universityhttp://www.ee.tamu.edu/~pscp/index.html

Research SeminarAbu Dhabi, UAE, March 8, 2007

Outline

● Introduction● Background: Operational VS Non-

operational Data● New Concept: Transparent Data● New Solutions: Different utility groups● Examples: Demonstration Project● Conclusions

Introduction

● Basic problem: how to utilize data “explosion” in power systems

● Data “explosion” is associated with introduction of substation IEDs

● Current status: “pipeline” of R&D, demonstration, deployment

● Funding parties: State of Texas (ETF), NSF (Pserc), DOE (CERTS, CTC), EPRI, utilities, ERCOT, vendors

Outline

● Introduction● Background: Operational VS Non-

operational Data● New Concept: Transparent Data● New Solutions: Different utility groups● Examples: Demonstration Project● Conclusions

Background

● Traditional data separation: operational and non-operational

● New concept: make data transparent to the user

● Properties of new data: redundancy, robustness, more information

● Problems to be solved: data acquisition, data integration and information extraction, information presentation

USA Interconnections

Fig. 2 North America 3 Interconnections / 10 Regions

Power System Layout

118-bus system

Substation Layout

IT layout

Integration of operational and non-operational data

CFL MS PE EMS

LMS

FL

IS SC

RC

DFR CBM DPR RTU SOE

A S A S A AS AS AS

LEVEL ICENTRALIZED

LOCATION

LEVEL IISUBSTATION

LEVEL IIISWITCHYARD

INTERFACE

20

Benefits

Transmission LineCurrent

Transformer

Bus

Contact “A”

Contact“B” Capacitive

VoltageTransformer

)

CurrentVoltage

((

CBM

DPR

DFR

CB

Outline

● Introduction● Background: Operational VS Non-

operational Data● New Concept: Transparent Data● New Solutions: Different utility groups● Examples: Demonstration Project● Conclusions

Email, Fax, Hosting, WWW, Pager Notification

Intranet Internet

Wide-area networks (hubs, routers, gateways)

System wide analysis

Mobile Agent Server

System wide control

COMTRADE IEC 61850

Substation Data Analysis

RTUDPR

SERCBM

PMUDFR

GPS

Substation Data Analysis

DFR

RTU

SER

PMU

DPR

CBM

GPS

IED connections

Synchronized Sampling

Data Integration

DPRs CBMs RTUsDFRs SERs PLCs

Data Integration

Information Exchange

PQ Meters

Database:Raw and pre-processed measurements

System configuration data

Outline

● Introduction● Background: Operational VS Non-

operational Data● New Concept: Transparent Data● New Solutions: Different utility groups● Examples: Demonstration Project● Conclusions

Multiple uses of data

SummaryReport

ComprehensiveReport

Brief Report

Protection GroupOperator

Maintenance

Outline

● Introduction● Background: Operational VS Non-

operational Data● New Concept: Transparent Data● New Solutions: Different utility groups● Examples: Demonstration Project● Conclusions

Demonstration Projects● Data Acquisition and processing - All-digital protection system - Automated topology processing - Transient testing of substation systems● Data Integration and Information

Extraction - Automated substation processing - Enterprise-wide applications● Information Presentation - Models - Physical images

Existing solutions

New Versus Existing solutionProcess

Current and/or Voltage Sensor

Sensor Module

Interface Module

Function Module

Status Sensor

Input Module

Protection IED

ProcessProcess

Interface Module

LAN Switch

Process Control

Interface Module

Outputs Module

Merging Unit

Input/Output Unit

Event Start Event EndtSM tIM1 tLAN tIM2 tFM tOM tPC

tEVT

Process

AnalogSensor

SensorModule

FunctionModule

OutputsModule

StatusSensor

InputModule

ProcessControl

Multifunctional IED

Process

Process

Event Start Event EndtSM tFM tOM tPC

tEVT

New solution: digital current and voltage samples are supplied to IED via the substation LAN. It requires Interface Modules in MU and IED

Field signals are brought in to control house via process bus

Existing Solution: analog current and voltage signals are supplied to IED

Field signals are brought into control house via standard copper wires

All-digital system

Modeling, simulation and lab tests

Lab Setup

Opto-Electronic

Rack with MU

Comercial Currentand VoltageAmplifiers

Optical Currentand VoltageTransducers

ProtectiveRelay

EthernetSwitch

SimulationComputer

Demonstration Projects● Data Acquisition and processing - All-digital protection system - Automated topology processing - Transient testing of substation systems● Data Integration and Information

Extraction - Automated substation processing - Enterprise-wide applications● Information Presentation - Models - Physical images

Power System Layout

Circuit Breaker

Mechanical Structure(Closed State)

Mechanical Structure(Open State)

Performance Characteristics

Time Parameters

Event #

Event Description Time

1 Trip or close operation is initiated T1

2 Coil current picks up T2

3 Coil current dips after saturation T3

4 Coil current begins to drop T4

5 B contact breaks or makes T5

6 A contact breaks or makes T6

7 Phase currents breaks or makes T7

8 X coil current picks up T8

9 X coil current drops out T9

10 Y coil current picks up T10

Feature Extraction

0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 01 . 4

1 . 4 0 5

1 . 4 1

1 . 4 1 5x 1 0

4 O r i g i n a l S i g n a l

0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 01 . 4

1 . 4 0 5

1 . 4 1

1 . 4 1 5x 1 0

4

A p p r o x i m a t i o n 6

0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0- 5 0

0

5 0D e t a i l 3

( m s )

( m s )

( m s )

0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 00

2 0

4 0

6 0

0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 00

2 0

4 0

6 0

0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0-2 0

0

2 0

(m s )

(m s )

(m s )

O r ig in a l S ig n a l

6 t h le ve l A p p ro x im a t io n

4 t h le ve l d e t a i l

Splitting

Calculating Parameters

0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0

0

2 0

4 0O r i g i n a l S i g n a l

0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0

0

2 0

4 0R e c o n s t r u c t e d S i g n a l

( m s )

( m s )

Denoising

Functional Description

Signal Processing

Rochester Record

Settings Settings

Conversion

Signal Parameters

EventReport

Database

Comtrade Record

Web application

Client SolutionServer Solution

Expert System

Rules

Topology processing

Circuit breaker 1

CBM 1

Circuit breaker 2

CBM 2

Circuit breaker 3

CBM 3

Circuit breaker N CBM N

. . .Concentrator PC

Receiver

Transmitter 1

Transmitter 2

Transmitter 3

Transmitter N

GUI

Data transfer

Data acquisition

Signalprocessing

Reporting,Archiving

Event analysis

Topology

Switchyard Control house

Topology Monitoring

Software – Sequence Analysis

Demonstration Projects● Data Acquisition and processing - All-digital protection system - Automated topology processing - Transient testing of substation systems● Data Integration and Information

Extraction - Automated substation processing - Enterprise-wide applications● Information Presentation - Models - Physical images

New methods for relay testing

Test SetsOpen-Loop

SolutionsReal-TimeSolutions

• Portable/Field• Lab

• Lab• Portable/Field• Permanent/Field

• Lab only

Field Portable Setup

Two Approaches: Field Recorded Transients

Two Approaches: Simulated Transients

Field Permanent Setup

Demonstration Projects● Data Acquisition and processing - All-digital protection system - Automated topology processing - Transient testing of substation systems● Data Integration and Information

Extraction - Automated substation processing - Enterprise-wide applications● Information Presentation - Models - Physical images

Use of substation data

RAW DATARAW DATA

PROCESSED DATAPROCESSED DATA

IEDsIEDs

Automated Analysis SystemAutomated Analysis System

Remote Control CenterRemote Control Center

VSDBVSDB TSSETSSE FAFLFAFL SSSVSSSV

DFRADFRA DPRADPRA CBMACBMA PQMAPQMA

System Architecture

Demonstration Projects● Data Acquisition and processing - All-digital protection system - Automated topology processing - Transient testing of substation systems● Data Integration and Information

Extraction - Automated substation processing - Enterprise-wide applications● Information Presentation - Models - Physical images

TriggeringEvents

Faults, Frequency ChangesPower Swings, Overloads,

Voltage problems

Protection Relays Trip Lines, Generators,

Transformers or Loads

System switching, Generator reject., Load shed. Instability, Voltage Collapse

BlackoutState

Relay operation is a major contributing factor

Typical Cascading Process

Overall scheme

System Monitoring and Control

Local Monitoring and Control

Power System and Distance Relay

Real-time Fault Analysis

• Neural Network Based Fault Detection and Classification (NNFDC)

• Synchronized Sampling Based Fault Location (SSFL)

Relay Operation Monitoring

Event Tree Analysis (ETA)

Security Analysis

• Routine Security

Analysis

• Event-based Security Analysis

Security Control

• Steady State Control

• Transient Stability Control

Monitoring Command

Disturbance Report

Measurement Control Measurement Control

Graphic Demonstration

Routine-based Security Analysis

Event-based Security Analysis

Candidate control means

Selected control means

Local Monitoring Tool

Local Monitoring Tool

Local Monitoring Tool

System Level Substation Level

Substation 1

Substation 2

Substation n

Expected Unexpected

System Status& Monitoring command

Disturbance Report

Local Monitoring Tools

Synchronized sampling based fault location

Local End Remote End

IED

NNFDC SSFL

CT

PT

CommunicationLink

R/T: Receiver/Transmitter

IED

NNFDC SSFL

CT

PT

R/TR/T

GPS Satellite

GPS Receiver GPS Receiver

Neural Network Based Fault Diagnosis

x1 xN x8*NVa Vb Vc IcIa Ib3V0 3I0

Input Pattern (using normalized raw samples)

Pattern Space

Training (Self-Organized Clustering Technique)Testing (Fuzzy K-nearest neighbor classifier)

(2-D demo)

Real Time Fault Analysis Tool Based on Combination of the Two Algorithms

Event Tree Analysis for relay operation monitoring

t

Real time Monitoring

Misoperation Alarms (Red Nodes)

Demonstration Projects● Data Acquisition and processing - All-digital protection system - Automated topology processing - Transient testing of substation systems● Data Integration and Information

Extraction - Automated substation processing - Enterprise-wide applications● Information Presentation - Models - Physical images

Power World softwareTopology

Fault Location

Equipment

25

VisualizationThe representation, visualization, and manipulation of objects

represented as sampled data in three or more dimensions.

Courtesy of University of Mannheim, Germany

voxel

polygon3D Surface Graphics

3D Volume Graphics

Outline

● Introduction● Background: Operational VS Non-

operational Data● New Concept: Transparent Data● New Solutions: Different utility groups● Examples: Demonstration Project● Conclusions

CCET Partnership

EPRI: Substation Automation

DOE CTC: Visualization

Vendors: Products

PSERC: Algorithms

Utilities: Field demo

DOE CERTS: Topology

Questions?