US/EU EV-Smart Grid Interoperability CentersHarmonization of PEV standards, technology and test procedures
COTEVOS Industry SummitRome, 25 May 2015
Keith HardyEV-Smart Grid Interoperability Center, Argonne National LaboratoryUS DOE Vehicle Technologies Office
2
Shared Interests in EU and US …
Work Plan for Advancing Transatlantic E-mobility Cooperation (November 2011)• Adopted by Transatlantic Economic Council to
help prevent unnecessary regulatory divergence and promote EV-smart grid interoperability
Priorities• Common or compatible standards for EVs• Cooperation among regulators• Joint research - charging, energy storage, safety• Compatible EV-grid communication
Pilot Projects• EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Centers at
Argonne National Laboratory and Joint Research Centre – Institute for Energy and Transport
• Electric vehicles and smart charging infrastructure as an integral part of a smart energy community approach
DOE Asst. Sec. David Sandalow and JRC DG Dominique Ristori signing the Letter of Intent toestablish EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Centers in the US and EU, November, 2011. Witnessed by ECCommissioner for Digital Economy and Society, Günther Oettinger, then EC Trade Commissioner, KarelDeGucht, and current US Trade Representative, Michael Froman. (Courtesy US State Dept.)
TransatlanticAgreement
3
Role of E-Mobility … societal perspective
Decrease emissions/petroleum consumption in transportation
Utilize multiple electric power generation sources from a continually improving grid
Contribute to local/regional energy management
• Controllable load, e.g., demand response and/or smart charging
• V2X … store energy/provide power
• Ancillary/emergency services, integration with renewables
• ‘Behind the meter’ integration with smart buildings/DERs
Source: Siemens
Source: SCE
4
PEV-Grid Integration … an Enabler for Societal Benefits
Interoperability is key to smart charging and grid integration‘the ability to charge conveniently, safely and securely … anywhere, anytime … with no extraordinary actions required by the vehicle operator’
• Connectivity and communication for PEVs and the grid weredeveloped independently
• PEV-grid interfaces must be harmonized
• Interoperability must be verified
EVSE-GridCommunication
EV-EVSECompatibility
Harmonize interfaces, interoperability requirements
& compliance tools
Energy Service Provider
5
Multiple Standards and Development Organizations
6
Enabling Technologies
Metrology;‘sub-meters’
Communication controllersand protocols
AC, AC inductive and DC charge
couplers
Harmonization of standards and/or new technology is requiredto adapt physical interfaces and translate message protocols to implement smart grid integration
Necessitates development of compact metrology, communication controllers and protocol translation software
Technology needed to adapt interfaces and
support advanced features
7
EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Centers
DOE-EC JRC Agreement
2012 2013 2014
ANL PEV-Grid Integration Lab
SAE J1772PEV Compliance
2011
Embedded Controls
Sensing/Metrology
JRC Interoperability Testing& Test Equipment Evaluation
ISO/IEC/SAE Testing Festival
Harmonize Interoperability, PEV and Battery Test Procedures
SLAM
Global InterOP Team
Vehicle Test Facilities• Argonne APRF … enhanced with PEV-Grid Hardware-In-the-Loop Lab and Smart Energy Plaza
• JRC-IET VeLA … enhanced with PEV testing (VeLA-8) and electromagnetic compatibility (VeLA-9)
Government SupportSAE J2953
Interoperability Standard
SAE J2953 Interoperability Compliance Tools
StandardsVerification
Tools
8
EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Centers
2014 2015
Harmonization and grid integration technology/standards
- PEV-Grid HIL Lab- Smart Energy
Layer 3
Operating System and Environment
Layer 2
Application and Data Management
Layer 4
Connectivity/Physical Devices
Layer 1
User and HIL Interface
Application Agent Development- System Control- Component Drivers
Vo
lttr
on
Prototype Phase 1 test equipment by end of 2015
BMW i3 REEV instrumentation and Level 2 testing in APRF
Testing in VELA-8 to harmonize procedures
Common Grid Integration Platform
• EUMD Commercial Form Factors
• Standard EVSE Electric Fuel Meter
Agent Development
Global InterOP Team: Releases open spec and RFP
Integration in testing infrastructure
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
900 950 1000 1050 1100
Tem
pe
ratu
re [°C
]
CP carrier frequency
extension of CP carrier frequency "tolerance" of the various EVs and PHEVs, in terms of functionality of charging, and actual CP carrier frequencies sent by EVSEs
EV 1 with EVSE-simulatorEV 2 with EVSE simulatorEV 3 with EVSE-simulatorEV 5 with EVSE-simulatorEV 5 again with EVSE-simulator but varied EVSE as power sourceEV 8 with EVSE-simulatorEV 9 with EVSE-Simulatoranother EV for comparison, with EVSE-simulatorEVSE 1EVSE 2EVSE 3EVSE 4EVSE 5EVSEs 6 and 6bEVSE 7EVSE 8EVSE 9EVSE 10EVSE 12EVSE 13EVSE 14EVSE 15EVSE 16EVSE 18EVSE 19EVSE 20EVSE 21EVSE 22EVSE 23 / 23bEVSE 24EVSE 25EVSE 26EVSE 27EVSE 28EVSE 29EVSE 30EVSE 31EVSE 32EVSE 33EVSE 34EVSE 35EVSE 39EVSE 40EVSE 41EVSE 42
IEC 61851 draft ed.3: EV should tolerate max. ± 5 %
IEC 61851 draft
ed.3 demands
± 2% for the EVSE
output
9
EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Centers
2014 2015
Enhanced Testing Infrastructure
JRC VeLA-9 Roller bench on turntable in an anechoic chamber
[electromagnetic field characterization and impact studies]
ANL Smart Energy PlazaEVSE, smart building systems and distributed energy resources
[communication and control development for grid integration]
JRC VeLA-8 Roller bench dedicated to PEVs; completed, but not shown
[Performance and emissions testing]
10
Initial Focus … ‘Behind the Meter’ Energy Management
Smart Building Systems
Simplify integration with common platform and open source flexible software
• Standard physical interfaces and message protocols with embedded translators
• Shared information exchange
11
Focus on Grid Interfaces
EVSE Network
VOLTTRON* Agent Environment
HPGP RS485Ethernet Modbus port
Protocol Adapters/Translators
Sensor Input
Other Comm. Physical Interfaces
OpenADR 2 SEP2 IEC 61850
Message Protocols
Application Agents• V1G• V2G• DR• DER• Transactive
Energy• Etc.
ISO 15118
Utility or Aggregator
Server
* Volttron – Open source
agent system software
developed by PNNL
Smart Building Systems
12
Common Integration Platform
EVSE Network
Utility or Aggregator
Server
Smart Building Systems
Layer 3
Operating System and Environment
Layer 2
Application and Data Management
Layer 4
Connectivity/Physical Devices
Layer 1
User and HIL Interface
Application Agent Development- System Control- Component Drivers
Vo
lttr
on
Reference control architecture:
BEMOSS – Bldg. Energy Mgmt.
Open Source Software;
developed by Virginia Tech
13
… to Enable Smart Energy Management
14
Global Harmonization Efforts
European Commission
• EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Centers (since 2012)Interoperability, test procedures, grid integration
Germany
• Global InterOP Team (since 2014)AC and DC interoperability requirements, test procedures and tools
China
• MIIT-DOE Letter of Intent (July 2014)Cooperation on industrial efficiency and EVs
APEC Automotive Dialog
• Regional EV Interoperability & Research Center RecommendedTo help meet regulatory alignment objectives
COTEVOS Industry SummitRome, 25 May 2015
EU/US EV-Smart Grid Interoperability CentersHarmonization of PEV standards, technology and test procedures
