94
| Date post: | 23-Jan-2018 |
| Category: |
Technology |
| Upload: | seb-rose |
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@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Using BDD as a communication tool
between the business and technology
Letitia Fearon BA Team Manager Lloyd’s of London
Seb Rose Director Cucumber Limited
@letitia_fearon @sebrose www.projectcartoon.com
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
What behaviour does the customer actually want?
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
What do successful projects look like?
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
What do successful projects look like?
Shared understanding
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
What do successful projects look like?
Shared understanding
Detect broken
behaviour
quickly
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
What do successful projects look like?
Shared understanding
The codebase supports change
Detect broken
behaviour
quickly
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
What do successful projects look like?
Shared understanding
Know what to do next
The codebase supports change
Detect broken
behaviour
quickly
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
What do successful projects look like?
Shared understanding
Know when you’re done Know what to do next
The codebase supports change
Detect broken
behaviour
quickly
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Behaviour Driven Development“An approach that enhances the
communica1on between stakeholders and project team
members by expressing product needs as concrete examples.”
Agile Extension to IIBA BABOK ®
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
“BDD prac11oners explore, discover, define and then drive-
out the desired behaviour of soIware using conversa1ons,
concrete examples and automated tests”
MaK Wynne
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Where does the fit in?BA
BDD approach
Pick a user story
BDD approach
Pick a user story
3 Amigos
BDD approach
Pick a user story
Formulate
3 Amigos
BDD approach
Pick a user story
Formulate
3 Amigos
Review
BDD approach
Pick a user story
Formulate
3 Amigos
Review
Development
BDD approach
Pick a user story
Automate
Formulate
3 Amigos
Review
Development
BDD approach
Pick a user story
Automate
Formulate
3 Amigos
Review
Implement
Development
BDD approach
Pick a user story
Automate
Formulate
3 Amigos
Review
Implement
Development
BDD approach
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Conversations
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Conversations
Give me an example.Have
you thought about …
Is there something else that needs to
happen?
Is that always true?
What would happen
if … ?
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Structured conversations with Example Mapping
https://cucumber.io/blog/2015/12/08/example-mapping-introduction
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Structured conversations with Example Mapping
https://cucumber.io/blog/2015/12/08/example-mapping-introduction
Story
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Structured conversations with Example Mapping
https://cucumber.io/blog/2015/12/08/example-mapping-introduction
Story
Rule Rule
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Structured conversations with Example Mapping
https://cucumber.io/blog/2015/12/08/example-mapping-introduction
Story
Rule Rule
Example
Example Example
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Structured conversations with Example Mapping
https://cucumber.io/blog/2015/12/08/example-mapping-introduction
Story
Rule Rule
Example
Example ExampleExample
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Structured conversations with Example Mapping
https://cucumber.io/blog/2015/12/08/example-mapping-introduction
Story
Rule Rule
Example
Example ExampleExample
Question
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Structured conversations with Example Mapping
https://cucumber.io/blog/2015/12/08/example-mapping-introduction
Example
Story
Rule Rule
Example Example
Example ExampleExample
Question
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Structured conversations with Example Mapping
https://cucumber.io/blog/2015/12/08/example-mapping-introduction
Rule
Example
Story
Rule Rule
Example Example
Example ExampleExample
Question
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Structured conversations with Example Mapping
https://cucumber.io/blog/2015/12/08/example-mapping-introduction
Rule
Example
Story
Rule Rule
Example Example
Example ExampleExample
Question
Question
Question
Question
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Structured conversations with Example Mapping
https://cucumber.io/blog/2015/12/08/example-mapping-introduction
Rule
Example
Story
Rule Rule
Example Example
Example ExampleExample
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Structured conversations with Example Mapping
https://cucumber.io/blog/2015/12/08/example-mapping-introduction
Rule
Story
Rule RuleRule
Rule RuleRule
RuleRule
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Elicitation using rules and examples
Story - Display library opening times
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Elicitation using rules and examples
Story - Display library opening times
Rules - Library opening hours are
Monday to Friday, 9:00 to 17:00
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Elicitation using rules and examples
Examples - The library is open on
Monday 29/5/17 at 10:00
Rules - Library opening hours are
Monday to Friday, 9:00 to 17:00
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Elicitation using rules and examples
Examples - The library is open on
Monday 29/5/17 at 10:00(a UK Bank Holiday)
Rules - Library opening hours are
Monday to Friday, 9:00 to 17:00
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
ExamplesRules
The relationship between
and
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Examples
Rules
illustrate
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Examples
Rules
Tests
can become
illustrate
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Examples
Rules
Tests
can become
verify
illustrate
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
ExamplesRules
The difference between
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
ExamplesRules
The difference between
Abstract Concrete
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
ExamplesRules
The difference between
Concise
Abstract Concrete
Precise
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
ExamplesRules
The difference between
Concise
Abstract
Close a conversation Start a conversation
Concrete
Precise
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
ExamplesRules
The difference between
Concise
Abstract
Close a conversation Start a conversation
Concrete
Precise
Closer to solution Closer to problem
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Anatomy of an example
OUTCOME
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Anatomy of an example
ACTION OUTCOME
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Anatomy of an example
CONTEXT ACTION OUTCOME
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Examples describe system behaviour
Behaviour = Context + Action + Outcome
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Examples describe system behaviour
Behaviour = Context + Action + Outcome
System = Σ(Behaviour)
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Good examples should be:• Interesting
• Declarative
• Ubiquitous
• Concrete
• Essential
• Focused
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Good examples should be:• Interesting
• Declarative
• Ubiquitous
• Concrete
• Essential
• Focused
➡ Every example has reason for existing
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Good examples should be:• Interesting
• Declarative
• Ubiquitous
• Concrete
• Essential
• Focused
➡ Every example has reason for existing
➡ What, not how
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Good examples should be:• Interesting
• Declarative
• Ubiquitous
• Concrete
• Essential
• Focused
➡ Every example has reason for existing
➡ What, not how
➡ Written in business terminology
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Good examples should be:• Interesting
• Declarative
• Ubiquitous
• Concrete
• Essential
• Focused
➡ Every example has reason for existing
➡ What, not how
➡ Written in business terminology
➡ Using actual data values …
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Good examples should be:• Interesting
• Declarative
• Ubiquitous
• Concrete
• Essential
• Focused
➡ Every example has reason for existing
➡ What, not how
➡ Written in business terminology
➡ Using actual data values …
➡ … that contribute to understanding
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Good examples should be:• Interesting
• Declarative
• Ubiquitous
• Concrete
• Essential
• Focused
➡ Every example has reason for existing
➡ What, not how
➡ Written in business terminology
➡ Using actual data values …
➡ … that contribute to understanding
➡ Illustrate only a single rule
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Library requirementAt the library, it’s free to take out books that are on the shelves, but there is a charge if you want to reserve an item that’s currently on loan.The charges are: • Adult membership - £1.00 per item • Child membership
• Free for up to 6 children’s books • 50p per item for all others
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Sample example
map
Apply reservation charges to library members
Adults pay a reservation charge of £1 per item
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a book O. The charge is £1
What should we charge someone that reserves an
item that is already in stock?
Children do not pay a reservation charge for the first 6 children’s books they reserve. There is a charge of 50p for other items.
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves a children’s book O. There is no charge
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a children’s book O. The charge is £1
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves 5 books O. The charge is £5
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 6 children’s books O. There is no charge
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 7 children’s books O. The charge is 50p
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves an adult book O. The charge is 50p
How many items can a member reserve?
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Sample example
map
Apply reservation charges to library members
Adults pay a reservation charge of £1 per item
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a book O. The charge is £1
Children do not pay a reservation charge for the first 6 children’s books they reserve. There is a charge of 50p for other items.
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves a children’s book O. There is no charge
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Sample example
map Apply reservation charges to library members
Adults pay a reservation charge of £1 per item
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a book O. The charge is £1
Children do not pay a reservation charge for the first 6 children’s books they reserve. There is a charge of 50p for other items.
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves a children’s book O. There is no charge
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a children’s book
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 6 children’s books
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Sample example
map
Adults pay a reservation charge of £1 per item
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a book O. The charge is £1
What should we charge someone that reserves an
item that is already in stock?
Children do not pay a reservation charge for the first 6 children’s books they reserve. There is a charge of 50p for other items.
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves a children’s book O. There is no charge
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a children’s book O. The charge is £1
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves 5 books O. The charge is £5
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 6 children’s books O. There is no charge
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 7 children’s books O. The charge is 50p
How many items can a
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Sample example
mapApply reservation charges to library members
Adults pay a reservation charge of £1 per item
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a book O. The charge is £1
Children do not pay a reservation charge for the first 6 children’s books they reserve. There is a charge of 50p for other items.
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves a children’s book O. There is no charge
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a children’s
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 6 children’s books
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Sample example
map
Adults pay a reservation charge of £1 per item
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a book O. The charge is £1
Children do not pay a reservation charge for the first 6 children’s books they reserve. There is a charge of 50p for other items.
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves a children’s book O. There is no charge
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a children’s book O. The charge is £1
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves 5 books O. The charge is £5
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 6 children’s books O. There is no charge
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 7 children’s books O. The charge is 50p
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Sample example
map
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a children’s book O. The charge is £1
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves 5 books O. The charge is £5
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 6 children’s books O. There is no charge
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 7 children’s books O. The charge is 50p
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves an adult book O. The charge is 50p
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Sample example
map
A. Andrew reserves a book O. The charge is £1
What should we charge someone that reserves an
item that is already in stock?
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a children’s book O. The charge is £1
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves 5 books O. The charge is £5
How many items can a member reserve?
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Sample example
map
Apply reservation charges to library members
Adults pay a reservation charge of £1 per item
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a book O. The charge is £1
What should we charge someone that reserves an
item that is already in stock?
Children do not pay a reservation charge for the first 6 children’s books they reserve. There is a charge of 50p for other items.
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves a children’s book O. There is no charge
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves a children’s book O. The charge is £1
C. Andrew is an adult member A. Andrew reserves 5 books O. The charge is £5
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 6 children’s books O. There is no charge
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves 7 children’s books O. The charge is 50p
C. Caroline is a child member A. Caroline reserves an adult book O. The charge is 50p
How many items can a member reserve?
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Formulation
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
FormulationC: Andrew is an adult member
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Formulation
Given that Andrew has adult membership
C: Andrew is an adult member
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Formulation
Given that Andrew has adult membership
C: Andrew is an adult member C: Andrew is an adult member
A: Andrew reserves a book
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Formulation
Given that Andrew has adult membership
C: Andrew is an adult member C: Andrew is an adult member
A: Andrew reserves a book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Formulation
Given that Andrew has adult membership
C: Andrew is an adult member C: Andrew is an adult member
A: Andrew reserves a book
C: Andrew is an adult member
A: Andrew reserves a book
O: The charge is £1
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Formulation
Given that Andrew has adult membership
C: Andrew is an adult member C: Andrew is an adult member
A: Andrew reserves a book
C: Andrew is an adult member
A: Andrew reserves a book
O: The charge is £1
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book Then he should be charged £1
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
AutomationScenario: Andrew reserves a book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book Then he should be charged £1
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
AutomationScenario: Andrew reserves a book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book Then he should be charged £1
Scenario: Andrew reserves a book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book Then he should be charged £1
Scenario: Andrew reserves a children’s book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 children’s book Then he should be charged £1
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
AutomationScenario: Andrew reserves a book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book Then he should be charged £1
Scenario: Andrew reserves a book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book Then he should be charged £1
Scenario: Andrew reserves a children’s book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 children’s book Then he should be charged £1
Scenario: Andrew reserves a book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book Then he should be charged £1
Scenario: Andrew reserves a children’s book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 children’s book Then he should be charged £1
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
AutomationScenario: Andrew reserves a book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book Then he should be charged £1
Scenario: Andrew reserves a book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book Then he should be charged £1
Scenario: Andrew reserves a children’s book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 children’s book Then he should be charged £1
Scenario: Andrew reserves a book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book Then he should be charged £1
Scenario: Andrew reserves a children’s book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 children’s book Then he should be charged £1
Scenario: Andrew reserves a book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 book Then he should be charged £1
Scenario: Andrew reserves a children’s book
Given that Andrew has adult membership When he reserves 1 children’s book Then he should be charged £1 Expected ‘1.00’, but received ‘0.00’
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Case study
• More than $4.4 trillion managed assets • Over 2,500 IT staff in 200+ agile teams
• Shift-Left initiative running for 2 years • “More of a mindset shift” • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAjkc28nUjY
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Case study
Reported results: • Shorter testing cycle • Reduced defect count • Reduced time to market • Increased team confidence and reduced
levels of anxiety • Reduced manual testing costs
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
Roadshow Get more people on board
Training Brown Bag and Forums Open Space Conference
Shift Left Pyramid
Manual vs Automation
Process Changes Team Norms
Automation Engineer Product Test Engineer
Case study
So, what is BDD?Behaviour Driven Development consists of three core practices:
So, what is BDD?Behaviour Driven Development consists of three core practices:
Discovery Create a shared understanding of the requirements through
collaboration, typically achieved through a structured conversation centred on rules and examples
So, what is BDD?Behaviour Driven Development consists of three core practices:
Discovery Create a shared understanding of the requirements through
collaboration, typically achieved through a structured conversation centred on rules and examples
Formulation Examples of system behaviour are documented using
business terminology
So, what is BDD?Behaviour Driven Development consists of three core practices:
Discovery Create a shared understanding of the requirements through
collaboration, typically achieved through a structured conversation centred on rules and examples
Formulation Examples of system behaviour are documented using
business terminology
Automation The documentation is automated, creating living
documentation that verifies the system’s behaviour
So, what is BDD?Behaviour Driven Development consists of three core practices:
Discovery Create a shared understanding of the requirements through
collaboration, typically achieved through a structured conversation centred on rules and examples
Formulation Examples of system behaviour are documented using
business terminology
Automation The documentation is automated, creating living
documentation that verifies the system’s behaviour
So, what is BDD?Behaviour Driven Development consists of three core practices:
Discovery Create a shared understanding of the requirements through
collaboration, typically achieved through a structured conversation centred on rules and examples
Formulation Examples of system behaviour are documented using
business terminology
Automation The documentation is automated, creating living
documentation that verifies the system’s behaviour
BA led
So, what is BDD?Behaviour Driven Development consists of three core practices:
Discovery Create a shared understanding of the requirements through
collaboration, typically achieved through a structured conversation centred on rules and examples
Formulation Examples of system behaviour are documented using
business terminology
Automation The documentation is automated, creating living
documentation that verifies the system’s behaviour
BA led
BA reviewed
So, what is BDD?Behaviour Driven Development consists of three core practices:
Discovery Create a shared understanding of the requirements through
collaboration, typically achieved through a structured conversation centred on rules and examples
Formulation Examples of system behaviour are documented using
business terminology
Automation The documentation is automated, creating living
documentation that verifies the system’s behaviour
BA led
BA reviewed
BA feedback
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
If you liked that, you’ll love this…
http://bddbooks.com
@letitia_fearon @sebrose
QUESTIONS?
Letitia Fearon BA Team Manager Lloyd’s of London
Seb Rose Director Cucumber Limited
