6/8/2011
1
Using Category 5e, 6 & 6a
SBE Ennes Lecture Series 2011
for Audio Applications
Steve LampenMultimedia Technology ManagerProduct Line Manager Entertainment
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.©2011, Belden All rights reserved.
Product Line Manager - EntertainmentBelden
How Do We Compare?
Can you use Cat 5e/6/6a for non-data applications?
• What applications?
• What performance requirements?
• Compare to TIA/EIA 568 standard
– ANSI/TIA 568-C.0
y pp
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
– ISO 11801
6/8/2011
2
What Applications?
Application Format Cable Type Spec End-User
Analog audioUnbalanced Single-conductor shielded N/A Consumer
Balanced Shielded twisted-pair N/A Professional
Digital audioUnbalanced Coaxial cable
S/PDIF Consumer
AES3-idProfessional
Balanced Shielded twisted-pair AES3
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
How Does a Balanced Line Work?
+
–
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
6/8/2011
3
How Does a Balanced Line Work?
+
–
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
How Does a Balanced Line Work?
+
–
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
6/8/2011
4
How Does a Balanced Line Work?
+
–
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
How Does a Balanced Line Work?
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
6/8/2011
5
How Does a Balanced Line Work?
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
A Perfect Balanced Line
Requirement Variations in Cable Parameter Measured in
Spacing Impedance Return Loss Decibels (dB)
Capacitance CapacitanceUnbalance
Picofarads (pF)
Size Resistance ResistanceUnbalance
Ohms (Ω)
Length Resistance
Timing
ResistanceUnbalancePhase
Ohms (Ω)
Degrees (°)
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
“A balanced line is one where each of the two conductors, and all passive pieces attached to each conductor, are the same impedance in reference to ground.” Bill Whitlock, Jensen Transformers
6/8/2011
6
An Unbalanced Line
• Conductors aren’t the same size.
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
• Conductors aren’t the same length.
• Conductors aren’t close together.
Consumer Analog Audio
System Specs Category 5e Category 6 Category 6a
Format Unbalanced Balanced Balanced Balanced
Capacitance 30pF/ft.
98 pF/m
15 pF/ft. 49pF/m
15 pF/ft. 49pF/m
15 pF/ft. 49pF/m
Impedance N/A 100Ω 100Ω 100Ω
Gage 22/24 AWG (?) 24 AWG 23 AWG 23 AWG
Shield YES NO NO NO
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
Shield YES NO NO NO
6/8/2011
7
How Far Can You Go?-1 dB @ 20 kHz
Source Impedance
15 pF/ft.
(49 pF/m)
20 pF/ft.
(66 pF/m)
30 pF/ft.
(98 pF/m)
50 pF/ft.
(164 pF/m)
50 Ω 5406 ft. 4055 ft. 1236m
2703 ft. 1622 ft.1648m 1236m 824m 495m
100 Ω 2707 ft.825m
2030 ft 619m
1353 ft.413m
812 ft. 248m
150 Ω 1873 ft.571m
1352 ft. 412m
901 ft275m
541 ft 165m
600 Ω 451 ft.138m
338 ft.103m
225 ft.68.6m
135 ft.41.2m
1 kΩ 271 ft. 203 ft. 135 ft 81 ft.
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
82.6m 61.9m 41.2m 24.7m
10 kΩ 27 ft.8.2m
20 ft6.1m
14 ft. 4.3m
8 ft.2.4m
50 kΩ 5.4 ft.165cm
4 ft.122cm
2.7 ft.82cm
1.6 ft.49cm
Balanced Analog Audio
System Specs Category 5e Category 6 Category 6a
Format Balanced Balanced Balanced Balanced
Capacitance30pF/ft.
98 pF/m
15 pF/ft. 49pF/m
15 pF/ft. 49pF/m
15 pF/ft. 49pF/m
Impedance N/A 100Ω 100Ω 100Ω
Gage 22-24 AWG 24 AWG 23 AWG 23 AWG
Shield YES NO NO NO
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
6/8/2011
8
Analog Audio FEXT in UTP
1752A FEXT Average
-85
1000
1268
1537
1805
2058
2269
2481
2692
2904
3167
3472
3778
4130
4609
5087
5565
6059
6706
7400
8083
8542
9000
1022
2
1233
3
1362
5
1514
3
1683
3
1783
3
1980
0
2300
0
2550
0
2825
0
3133
3
3500
0
3900
0
4340
0
4850
0
-105
-100
-95
-90
dB
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
-115
-110
-105
Frequency
Analog Audio NEXT in UTP
1752A NEXT AVERAGE
-85
1000
1317
1634
1951
2212
2462
2712
2962
3306
3667
4043
4609
5174
5739
6412
7200
8042
8583
9300
1133
3
1312
5
1485
7
1683
3
1800
0
2060
0
2440
0
2766
7
3066
7
3540
0
4020
0
4550
0
-105
-100
-95
-90
dB Series1
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
-115
-110
Frequency
6/8/2011
9
Balanced Pairs and Shielding
• Ground Loops.Shields can become ‘antennas’– Shields can become ‘antennas’.
• Feed noise into the pair
• Not protecting the pair from noise.
• With UTP we ‘fixed the pair’.– As symmetrical as possible.
– As balanced as possible
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
p• No shielding to fall back on.
• And now “InstaSnake”
Analog Audio and MediaTwist
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
6/8/2011
10
How to Measure “Balance”
• Noise is “common mode”.
• Balanced lines reject noise.
• How much?• Common-mode rejection ratio
CMRR
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
• CMRR• Measured in dB
What is Good CMRR?
SSLMic Input
MackieMic Input
CalrecMic Input
50 Hz >115 dB
1 kHz >100 dB
10 kHz >70 dB
Line Input50 Hz >90 dB
1 kHz >100 dB
50 Hz >70 dB
1 kHz >70 dB
10 kHz >60 dB
1 kHz >80 dB
15 kHz >65 dB
Line Input1 kHz >60 dB
10 kHz >40 dB
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
•Based on frequency•Analog performance, not digital
1 kHz >100 dB
10 kHz >50 dB
6/8/2011
11
-1.93dBu
CMR of pre-amp A (GL2800)
What is Good CMRR?
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
60dB
50dB
40dB
30dB
20dB
10dB
Gain Setting
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
10.00 Hz 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 30000.00
-100.00
-80.00
Allen & Heath GL2800 Mixer
What is Good CMRR?
• Good CMRR from a chip!90 dB at 60 Hz– 90 dB at 60 Hz
• Designed by Bill Whitlock– CEO, Jensen Transformers
• T.H.A.T. Corporation
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
– InGenius® 1200 Series
– www.thatcorp.com
6/8/2011
12
More Chips with Good CMRR
The LMV831 family of EMI h d dEMI-hardened op ampsclaim to deliver the industry’s highest EMI rejection ratio of -120 dB. These devices provide a
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
pCMRR of -93 dB. National Semiconductor, Santa Clara, CA (October, 2008)
Re-balancing bad CMRR
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
ETS PA-819
6/8/2011
13
Re-balancing bad CMRR
Inside a BALUNImpedance matching,
Balanced to unbalanced
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
Inside a RE-BALANCER“Common-mode choke”
Passes DC, phantom power
Digital Audio
Sampling Rate To Determine Bandwidth
Actual Bandwidth
44.1 kHz44.1 kHz x128 5.6448 MHz5.6448 MHz
48 kHz48 kHz x128 6.144 MHz6.144 MHz
88.2 kHz88.2 kHz x128 11.2896 MHz11.2896 MHz
96 kHz96 kHz x128 12.288 MHz12.288 MHz
176.4 kHz176.4 kHz x128 22.5792 MHz22.5792 MHz
192 kHz192 kHz X128 24 576 MHz24 576 MHz
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
192 kHz192 kHz X128 24.576 MHz24.576 MHz
AES5 proposed X-140 “SuperMAC” uses Category 5, 5e, 6, ‘7’
6/8/2011
14
S/PDIF Consumer Coax
System Specs Category 5e Category 6 Category 6a
44.1 kHz x128 = 5.6448 MHz (6 MHz)
Format Unbalanced Balanced Balanced Balanced
Capacitance 20pF/ft.
66pF/m
15 pF/ft. 49pF/m
15 pF/ft. 49pF/m
15 pF/ft. 49pF/m
Impedance 75Ω 100Ω 100Ω 100Ω
Gage 23-24 AWG 24 AWG 23 AWG 23 AWG
Shield YES NO NO NO
Crosstalk -30 dB (?) -50.6 dB PSNEXT
-60.6 dB PSNEXT
-60.6 dB PSNEXT
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
6 MHz PSNEXT PSNEXT PSNEXT
AES3-id Professional Coax
System Specs Category 5e Category 6 Category 6a
Format Unbalanced Balanced Balanced Balanced
Capacitance 20pF/ft.
66pF/m
15 pF/ft. 49pF/m
15 pF/ft. 49pF/m
15 pF/ft. 49pF/m
Impedance 75Ω 100Ω 100Ω 100Ω
Gage 20-24 AWG 24 AWG 23 AWG 23 AWG
Shield YES NO NO NO
Crosstalk
6 MHz (48 kHz)
-30 dB (?) -50.6 dB PSNEXT
-60.6 dB PSNEXT
-60.6 dB PSNEXT
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
Crosstalk
25 MHz (192 kHz)
-30 dB (?) -41.4 dB
PSNEXT
-51.4 dBPSNEXT
-51.4 dBPSNEXT
6/8/2011
15
Balanced AES
System Specs Category 5e Category 6 Category 6a
Format Balanced Balanced Balanced Balanced
Capacitance 13pF/ft.
43 F/
15 pF/ft. 49pF/m
15 pF/ft. 49pF/m
15 pF/ft. 49pF/m43pF/m 49pF/m 49pF/m 49pF/m
Impedance 110Ω ±20% 100Ω ±15Ω 100Ω ±15Ω 100Ω ±15Ω
Gage 24 AWG 24 AWG 23 AWG 23 AWG
Shield YES NO NO NO
Crosstalk
6 MHz (48 kHz)
-30 dB (?) -50.6 dB PSNEXT
-60.6 dB PSNEXT
-60.6 dB PSNEXT
Crosstalk
25 MH (192 kH )
-30 dB (?) -41.4 dB
PSNEXT
-51.4 dBPSNEXT
-51.4 dBPSNEXT
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
25 MHz (192 kHz) PSNEXT PSNEXT PSNEXT
Crosstalk
50 MHz (384 kHz)
-30 dB (?) -37.6 dB
PSNEXT
-47 dB
PSNEXT
-47 dB
PSNEXT
Four, Three, Two, One-Pair
• Four pair standard–3 pair (RGB) waste a pair
• Two pair standard
• One pair??
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
–Belden 1353A
6/8/2011
16
Networked AudioProduct Name Company Type Channels Top Specs
A-Net Pro 64 Aviom 100baseT 64 Aviom.com
ASI 2416 Audio Science 100baseT 16 48kHz 24-bit
AudiaFLEX Biamp 100baseT ? ?p
Audinate Dante Yamaha 100baseT 16 96kHz 24-bit
Axia Telos 100baseT ? 48kHz 24 bit
CobraNet Cirrus Logic 100baseT 128 96 kHz 24-bit
E-Snake Whirlwind 100baseT 64 800-733-9473
Ethernet Audio 360 Systems 100baseT 2 48 kHz 16-bit
EtherSound Digigram 100baseT 64 48 kHz 24-bit
Hydra Calrec 1GbaseT 512 ?
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
iLive Allen & Heath 100baseT 64 ?
IQ Net Crown 100baseT 128 96 kHz 24-bit
MaGIC Gibson 1GbaseT 320 48 kHz 24-bit
Mongoose Rane 100baseT 32 ?
WheatNET-IP Wheatstone 100baseT 64 48 kHz 24-bit
100baseT Audio Quality
Sample rate Channels
32 kHz/38 kHz 128
44 kHz/48 kHz 96
88 kHz/96 kHz 64
176 kHz/192 kHz 32
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.
See AES47 and AES51 standards.
176 kHz/192 kHz 32
6/8/2011
17
For More Information…
www.belden.com11,000+ pages
1,000,000+ hits per week
Samples: 1-800-235-3361
shlampen@aol com
©2010, Belden. All rights reserved.