USING NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE
SPEAKING ABILITY AT TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA
MUHAMMADIYAH 1 MALANG
THESIS
By:
HERDINA LADYCAL SWADHIKA
201210100311230
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2016
USING NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE
SPEAKING ABILITY AT TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA
MUHAMMADIYAH 1 MALANG
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Language Education
By:
HERDINA LADYCAL SWADHIKA
201210100311230
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2016
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim …
Alhamdulillah, all praises be upon Allah SWT, the Most Beneficent and
Most Merciful, due to His blessing, this challenging thesis can be finished
properly in the right time. Peace and blessing also be upon Muhammad SAW, the
last prophet in the world. In its final accomplishment, I am totally realized that
this thesis is still imperfect. Thus, I openly welcome all criticism and constructive
suggestions from all parties as the betterment of this thesis.
Actually, I would like to express my gratefulness and appreciation to my
first advisor, Mrs. Rahmawati Khadijah Maro, M.PEd. and my second advisor,
Mrs. Laela H. Nurbatra, MA., M.EdLead. for their patience, advices and
encourages during guiding me in finishing this thesis.
Additionally, my countless gratitude is dedicated for both of my parents,
Ibu Erna Hani Astuti and Bapak Suharto, who ceaselessly offer me with
everlasting and peaceable affections. Moreover, my boundless appreciation goes
to my sister, Herdian Putri Hastari for his endless supports and nice affection.
Lastly, I would like to express my thankfulness for all of my best friends:
Okta Dwi Ningsih, Dwi Hartanti, Selvia Heldina Putri, Dyah Ajeng, Nurani
Wahyu Putri, Dita Fitriana, Wita Devi Maharani, Evio Tanti Nanita, Sri Wahyuni
Ningsih, Ambika Putri Perdani, Dewi Khoirun Nisa Hartono, Mustaghfiroh, Dwi
Sari Kurniawati, and Ummi Amatul Firdausi, for their endless help during I
accomplish this thesis (sorry if I did not mention all).
Malang, November 29, 2016
Herdina Ladycal Swadhika
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
APPROVAL ………………………………………………………………… iii
MOTTOS AND DEDICATIONS ………………………………………….. v
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ……………………………. vi
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………. vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………….. viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………… ix
LIST OF THE APPENDICES………………………………………………. xii
LIST OF THE TABLES ……………………………………………………. xiii
LIST OF THE FIGURES……………………………………………………. xiv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Research ...................................................................... 1
1.2 The Research Problem .............................................................................. 5
1.3 Objective of the Research .......................................................................... 5
1.4 Significances of the Study ........................................................................ 6
1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Research ...................................................... 7
1.6 The Definition of Key Terms .................................................................... 7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Speaking ............................................................................................... 8
2.2 Classroom Speaking Activities ........................................................... 9
2.3 Assessment of Speaking Ability ........................................................... 10
2.4 Teaching English at Senior High School .............................................. 11
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2.5 Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Technique...................................... 14
2.6 The Steps of Numbered Heads Together (NHT) ................................. 15
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design .................................................................................... 17
3.2 Research Subjects ................................................................................ 19
3.3 Research Procedures ............................................................................ 19
3.3.1 Planning ...................................................................................... 19
3.3.2 Acting ......................................................................................... 20
3.3.3 Observing .................................................................................... 22
3.3.4 Reflecting .................................................................................... 22
3.4 Data Instruments ................................................................................... 23
3.5 Technique of Data Collection ............................................................... 23
3.6 Technique of the Data Analysis ............................................................ 25
3.7 Criteria of the Action Success ............................................................... 31
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Research Findings ................................................................................ 32
4.1.1 Finding of Pre-cycle ..................................................................... 32
4.1.2 Finding of Cycle I ........................................................................ 35
a. Planning ................................................................................... 35
b. Acting ........................................................................................ 36
c. Observing .................................................................................. 38
d. Reflecting .................................................................................. 42
xi
4.1.3 Finding of Cycle 2 ....................................................................... 43
a. Planning .................................................................................... 43
b. Acting ........................................................................................ 44
c. Observing .................................................................................. 46
d. Reflecting ................................................................................. 49
4.2 Discussions ........................................................................................... 50
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 55
5.2 Suggestions ......................................................................................... 56
5.2.1 For English Teachers ................................................................... 56
5.2.2 For Students ................................................................................ 56
5.2.3 For the Future Researchers ......................................................... 56
REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………… 57
APPENDICES
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LIST OF THE TABLES
Tabel 3.1 Observation Checklist for Teacher…………..…..…..…..…...……....26
Tabel 3.2 Criteria Percentage Teaching Learning Activity by the Teacher……..27
Tabel 3.3 Observation Checklist for Assesing Students’ Progress……...…….…28
Tabel 3.4 Criteria Percentage Students’ Progress….…….…..…..…..…..…..…..28
Tabel 3.5 The Rating Score of Oral Test ….…….…..…..…..…..…..............…..29
Tabel 3.6 Instrument for Assessing Students’ Achievement ….……....…..….....30
Tabel 4.1 The Result of Observation Checklist Pre-cycle…...…..…..…..…..…..33
Tabel 4.2 The Result of Speaking Test in Pre-cycle ….…….…..…..…..…...…..33
Tabel 4.3 The Result of Observation Checklist in Cycle I .....…..…..…..…..…..39
Tabel 4.4 The Result of Post-test I ….…….…..…..…..…..….......................…..40
Tabel 4.5 The Result of Observation Checklist Cycle II ….…….…..…..…..…..47
Tabel 4.6 The Result of Post-test II ….…….…..…..…..…..…......................…..47
Tabel 4.7 Overall Speaking Test Score During CAR ….……...............…....…..52
Tabel 4.8 Overall Observation Checklist Result During CAR ….…….…....…..53
xiii
LIST OF THE FIGURES
Figure 3.1 Arikunto’s Action Research Design…………..…......….….…….….18
Figure 4.1 The Progres of the Students’ Mean Score from Pre-cycle to Cycle I..41
Figure 4.2 The Progres of the Students’ Mean Score from Cycle I to Cycle II…49
Figure 4.3 The Progres of the Students’ Mean Score from Pre-cycle to Cycle II.53
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Research Letter
Appendix 2 Lesson Plan Cycle I
Appendix 3 Lesson Plan Cycle II
Appendix 4 The Procedure of Speaking Test
Appendix 5 The Guidelines of Observation Checklist for Teacher
Appendix 6 Observation Checklist for Teacher (Pre- Cycle)
Appendix 7 Observation Checklist for Teacher (Cycle I)
Appendix 8 Observation Checklist for Teacher (Cycle II)
Appendix 9 The Guidelines of Observation Checklist for Assesing Students’
Progress
Appendix 10 Observation Checklist for Assesing Students’ Progress Pre-Cycle
Appendix 11 Observation Checklist for Assesing Students’ Progress Cycle I
Appendix 12 Observation Checklist for Assesing Students’ Progress Cycle II
Appendix 13 Pictures
57
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