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USINGTRANSITIONS
TRANSITIONS
PURPOSE
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TRANSITIONS*Coherence*
o In the end, you want your essay to be a unified whole a strong link chain, if you will.
o The technical term for this chain effect is COHERENCE.
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TRANSITIONS*Coherence*
o Coherence points to not only the logical flow of ideas but also the inter-connectedness of ideas.
o In other words, how the ideas relate to each other.
o This is where TRANSITIONS come in: they help build coherence.
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TRANSITIONS*No sentence is an island*
o Poor Writing = Poor Writing is characterized by –
• a lack of coherence• incoherence, disjointedness, rambling• short, choppy, unrelated sentences.
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TRANSITIONS*No sentence is an island*
o Poor Writing = The writer has not demonstrated any
relationships between ideas: • Each desert-island-sentence floats alone
– in the ocean-paragraph –with no bridge connecting them.
• Consequently, just like someone stranded on an island, the idea soon shrivels and dies.
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TRANSITIONS*Transitions are bridges*
o Transitions are the BRIDGES between sentences they connect ideas they show how ideas are related to each other and they build a unified paragraph
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TRANSITIONS*Transitions are bridges*
o Some of the relationships they show include example/illustration cause or effect comparison or contrast emphasis sequence and summary.
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TRANSITIONS*From Paragraph to Paragraph*
o Once each paragraph becomes a cohesive whole coherent connected logically
o Then we use transitions to connect coherent paragraphs to each other, too.
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TRANSITIONS*From Paragraph to Paragraph*
o In order to build a larger point, we can employ transitions between paragraphs to reference contrast or continue
o a previous idea.
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TRANSITIONS*The Whole Essay*
o Thus, the final essay represents a series of associations of relationships of links of bridges
o between ideas.
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TRANSITIONS*The Whole Essay*
o Because of this interconnectedness, the writer's thesis is logical sound and coherent...
Brooklyn, NY
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TRANSITIONS*The Whole Essay*
o …and the reader can easily follow the course of the argument, “crossing” from one point to another.
Portland, OR
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TRANSITIONSTo carry this metaphor to its conclusion
o Transitions provide the valuable infrastructure necessary for a reader to travel uninterruptedly between each of the island-states,
o and the final unified essay created with them has become like a centralized form of government uniting a group of island-states under one flag (title).
TRANSITIONSo Hawaii
o British Virgin Islands
o Philippines
o Greece
TRANSITIONS
FORMS & FUNCTIONS
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TRANSITIONSo Transitions provide links between the following:
SENTENCES: • Also, the temperature of the oven must be set
on high to achieve this goal.
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TRANSITIONSo Transitions provide links between the following:
PARAGRAPHS: • Another reason I dislike Mondays involves
highway traffic.
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TRANSITIONSo Transitions provide links between the following:
SECTIONS: • As noted in the previous chapter, the theme
of equivocation dominates Shakespeare's Macbeth.
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TRANSITIONSo Transitions often come in the following forms:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: • since, because, if, when, although
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: • and, but, yet, or, nor, for, so
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TRANSITIONSo Transitions often come in the following forms:
PREPOSITIONS: • after, during, behind, beyond, during
ADVERBS: • once, never, always, frequently
TRANSITIONS
LISTS
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TRANSITIONS: Listso ADDITION
additionally, in addition, and, again, and then, also, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, moreover, nor, too, next, lastly, what’s more, moreover, then, first/second (-ly)
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TRANSITIONS: Listso ALTERNATIVE
alternatively, similarly, correspondingly, in the same way
o SIMILARITY similarly, also, in the same way, just as, so too, likewise, equally
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TRANSITIONS: Listso COMPARISON
by/in comparison, similarly, in the same way, in like manner, likewise, by the same token, in a similar fashion, in relation to, in respect of, with reference to, with regard to, a propos, vis-à-vis
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TRANSITIONS: Listso CONTRAST
in contrast, by contrast, conversely, on the other hand, on the contrary, but, however, although, though, otherwise, at the same time, notwithstanding,
nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas, but, yet, besides, versus, while, instead
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TRANSITIONS: Listso CAUSE
because, since, on account of, for that reason
o EFFECT therefore, consequently, accordingly, thus, hence, as a result
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TRANSITIONS: Listso CLARIFICATION
that is, that is to say, in other words, to explain, to clarify, to put it another way, to rephrase it
o CONCESSION to be sure, granted, of course, still, yet, nevertheless, notwithstanding, however, however much, even though
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TRANSITIONS: Listso DEDUCTION
then, in other words, in that case, otherwise, this implies, if not, if so, thus
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TRANSITIONS: Listso EMPHASIS-INTENSIFICATION
even, indeed, in fact, in truth, truly, definitely, emphatically, unquestionably, undeniably, of course, obviously, without reservation, without a doubt, undoubtedly, certainly, by all means, never, always, perennially, eternally
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TRANSITIONS: ListsEXAMPLE/ILLUSTRATION
for example, for instance, to illustrate, to demonstrate, namely, specifically, take the case of, in this case, on this occasion, in this situation, as follows: the following:
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TRANSITIONS: Listso EXCEPTION
but, yet, still, however, in spite of, despite, nonetheless, nevertheless, sometimes
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TRANSITIONS: Listso PURPOSE
to that end, to this end, for this purpose, for that reason, so that, in order that, intentionally
o QUALIFICATION may, might, almost, nearly, very, truly, indeed, probably, possibly, conceivably, perchance, maybe, perhaps, always, never, frequently, occasionally, although
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TRANSITIONS: Listso GENERALIZATION
generally speaking, generally, in general, on the whole, as a rule, for the most part, in most cases, usually, typically, characteristically, naturally, normally, on average, predictably, habitually, by and large, more often than not
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TRANSITIONS: Listso NEW POINT (to a)
with regard to, with reference to, as for, in terms of, now, as far as – is concerned, it follows that, turning to
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TRANSITIONS: Listso PROOF
because, for (that means “because”), as, for that reason, since, therefore, thus, hence, evidently, obviously, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in addition, in view of the fact, while, seeing as
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TRANSITIONS: Listso OBVIOUSNESS
obviously, clearly, naturally, of course, surely, after all, as expected
o PLACE/POSITION above, across, adjacent, after, behind, below, beyond, in front of, here, there, next, next to, near, nearby
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TRANSITIONS: Listso SEQUENCE/ORDER
first, second, next, then, finally, after, afterwards, following, at this time, at this point, this time, simultaneously, concurrently, soon, subsequently, while, meanwhile, when, during, immediately, later, earlier, sometimes, always, never, whenever, now, until now, once
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TRANSITIONS: Listso TIME
first, second, next, then, finally, after, afterwards, following, at this time, at this point, this time, simultaneously, concurrently, soon, subsequently, while, meanwhile, when, during, immediately, later, thereafter, earlier, sometimes, always, never, whenever, now, until now, once, previously
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TRANSITIONS: Listso REPETITION
in other words, as I have noted, as has been noted, as noted above, as I have said, in summary, to summarize, in brief, rather, to put it more simply
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TRANSITIONS: Listso SUMMARY
finally, lastly, thus, hence, therefore, in conclusion, to summarize, in sum, in summary, in brief, in short, in a word, in the final analysis, on the whole, overall, that is to say, summing up, as accordingly, as I have said/proven/shown, as a result, consequently
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SUMMATION*TRANSITIONS*
o Build coherence
o Link ideas
o Show relationship between ideas
o “bridges”
o “links in a chain”