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TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
Using value chain systems modelling to develop more sustainable vegetable marketing systems in a Developing Countries: a case study in PNG
Colin Birch
On behalf of
L. Bonney, G. Palaniappan, B. Chambers, L. Sparrow, M. Boersma, R. Doyle and C. Birch
26th September 2011World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
The Project context
Paper arises from project
Increasing vegetable production in Central Province, Papua New Guinea
to supply Port Moresby Markets(in partnership with)
National Agricultural Research InstituteFresh Produce Development Agency
Central Province AdministrationPacific Adventist University
Greenfresh Limited
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
Location of the ProjectLimited to Central Province of PNG, has coastal
lowlands and mid altitude areas eg Tapini
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
The Papua New Guinea Context
Developing Country, economy in transitionAgriculture approx 20% of GDP, 17 % of exportsSubsistence agriculture still predominantFamily needs met from own production, no need for regular sales
Supply chains operate with spot forms of governance
Few incentives to improve supply or quality
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
The Papua New Guinea Context
Smallholders disempowered and in povertyShortfall of vegetable supply to Port Moresby
– possibly 80 000 tMineral and Gas resources boom exacerbating
supply shortfallCentral province has suitable land resources to
increase production near Port Moresby
Need sustainable models of production compatible with complex socio-cultural norms and infrastructure constraints
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
Research Rationale
Marketing supply chains operate as systemsInternational R&D agencies use value chain
analysis to address ‘wicked problems’Value chain management means collaboration for
efficiency and adding value for participantsNeed to find ways to engage smallholders,
women and youth in production and marketing
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
Research Methodology
Methodology An initial scoping study using Rapid Value Chain AnalysisMultidisciplinary teamSeek to understand priority constraints in production and
marketing, identify focal vegetables and participating communities
Gather data on material and communication flows, relationships
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
Data Analysis
Data Analysis Thematic and content analysis to identify
potential ‘chain improvements’Iterative process – validated with chain
participantsIdentify positives in the host (PNG) culture
and build on them
Next stepNew collaborative model in first iteration of
trials.
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
Results and Discussion -Highly variable supply and quality
Current supplies inadequate and inconsistent Due to socio-cultural and infrastructure
constraints
Quality variable Due to production system and post-harvest
constraints
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
Results and Discussion - Poor Marketing Infrastructure
Road, telecommunications and finance systems inadequate
Telecommunications patchy,Internet in major centres only
No national interconnected roadsRoads poor and poorly maintained
Banking system confined to major centres
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
Lack of Economies of Scale and Poor Coordination in Marketing
Small lots – 50kg or so carried by people on PMVs (scale issue)
‘Hawk’ produce for a price (scale issue)Prices highly variable – quantity, quality,
post harvest deterioration (coordination issue)
High costs, time loss, harassment, intimidation (coordination issue)
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
Poor Chain Relationships
Most relationships transactional, short term
Opportunistic and exploitive behaviour - chain relationships compromised
Women report harassment and exploitation
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
A preferred Model
More sustainable production and coordinated marketing
Delivering more and better quality produce
Implement using contractswith wholesaler or end user Involve ATV and cool box, then larger
refrigerated vehicle to Port Moresby, back-loading of inputs
Use trading account Some cooperatives establish ‘trading stores’ - ?
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
Conclusions
There is potential to improve vegetable supply and quality
There are challenges at all stages of the chain
But we perceive an entrepreneurial spirit and willingness to ‘give it a go’
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
Acknowledgements
The financial support of ACIAR is acknowledged.