Wake-up man…

Can you guess who can get prostate cancer?

Not you?

Well, guess again… any male can get prostate

cancer

Hey, Smart Guy!

THIS COMMUNITY OUTREACH

PRESENTATION

IS SPONSORED BY:

US TOO! INTERNATIONAL, INCARIZONA DIVISION

PROSTATE CANCER SUPPORT GROUPS

Prostate Cancer

Facts That Every Man Over 40 Should Know

WHAT IS THE PROSTATE GLAND?

The prostate is part of the male reproductive system

Its major function is to secrete a fluid to nourish semen during intercourse

The prostate is about the size of a walnut but it can grow with age

It is located below the urinary bladder, in front of the rectum surrounding the urethra (the canal for the discharge of urine that extends from the urinary bladder to the outside)

What Is Prostate Cancer?

Not Much!

What do you know about prostate cancer?

What is Cancer anyway?

• Cancer is a cellular disease

• It is a disordered and abnormal cell growth

• In prostate cancer, as in other types of cancer, cells grow out of control and form tumors

• If the tumor is within the gland, the cancer is said to be localized and curable

• If the cancer escapes the gland it is considered incurable

• Early detection before the cancer escapes the gland becomes very important

EARLY DETECTION AND EFFECTIVE TREATMENT WHEN THE CANCER IS LOCALIZED CAN

POSSIBLY SAVE YOUR LIFE

Possible Levels of Prostate Cancer At Diagnosis

Tumor

Tumor

CAPSULE

GLAND

PROSTATE

Local-Regional Disease Spread

Bone

Systemic Spread

LymphNode

Other Organs

What are the symptoms of prostate

cancer?

You might not have any at all! Often there are none, or they are not recognized

Major symptoms: Urinary frequency Slow urinary flow Painful urination Blood in urine or semen Impotence Lower back or thigh pain

How Significant Is Prostate Cancer?

In the USA, 218,890 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. That is one man diagnosed every 3 minutes

Prostate cancer deaths are estimated at 27,050 That is one death every 18 minutes

In Arizona, 3,400 men will be diagnosed and 590 will die of prostate cancer during 2007Source: Cancer Facts and Figures –2007- American Cancer Society

How much of a threat?

Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed non-skin cancer in American men and the second leading cause of cancer death .

Who Is at Most Risk?

Prostate cancer is almost twice as common in African-American men than in Caucasian men

African Americans are more than twice as likely to die when diagnosed than Caucasian men

Prostate cancer risk factors:

Age: The risk increases with age, but 25% of diagnoses are made under age 65.

Race: African-Americans have a rate of incidence double that of Caucasian men

Family history of prostate cancer: Men with a family history have two- to three-fold increase in the risk of prostate cancer

Diet: A diet high in saturated animal fat can double

the risk of developing prostate cancer.

Risk Factors

AGE RISK

0 - 39: 1 per 1014940 – 59 : 1 per 3860 – 69 : 1 per 14

70 – 79 : 1 per 7 0 - Death : 1 per 6

Source: ACS 2000 to 2002

Risk Factors

RACE Incidence Death

Afr.-Am. 272.0 68.1Cauc. 169.0 27.7Hisp. 141.9 23.0Asian 101.4 12.1

Source:Rates per 100,000 and age-adjusted. SEER incidence and U.S. cancer death rates, 1975-2002, in (SEER = NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results Program

Arizona Risk Factors

RACE Death per 100,000 (in 1997)

Afr.-Am. 28.6

Non-Hisp. Cauc. 16.0 ALL Arizona 14.2Hisp. 10.8Asian 6.6Native-Am. 5.4

Source:Arizona Dept. Health Services. “Differences in Health Status Among Ethnic Groups, Arizona 1997” Published June 1999, p. 48, Table 5-11

Risk Factors

FAMILY HISTORY

2.4 times increased risk for men with a first-degree relative

(Spitz, et al, “Familial patterns of prostate cancer: A case-control analysis”, J Urol, 1991, 146:1305-1307)

Risk Factors

DIET

Eating red meat increases the risk of developing prostate cancer 2.64 times

Red meat and dairy products are high in saturated fat rich in arachidonic acid (a fatty acid)

Vegetable oil is rich in alpha linolenic acid (a fatty acid)

By-products of these fats promote the growth and seriousness of prostate cancer

Eating a diet high in fats also lowers the body’s defenses

So what CAN I eat?

A balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables! (5 servings/day)

Lower your intake of red meat, processed and fried foods. Eat more plant-based food like soy protein.

Watch portion sizes (3 oz meat/serving)

Eat foods with lycopene (tomatoes, watermelon and red grapefruit) which may be associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer

PREVENTION

• Selenium supplements in the organic form grown in yeast. (200 mcg)

• In randomized studies this dose reduced the incidence of prostate cancer

63%

• Natural vitamin E (50 IU)

• Shown in clinical trials to reduce the risk of prostate cancer by 40%

How does early detection help?

Survival rate at 5 years is 100.0% for those whose cancer is still just in the prostate gland (localized).

Survival rate at 5 years for those whose cancer has spread beyond the gland (late diagnosis) is only 33.5%

How to Avoid an Advanced Stage Diagnosis:

Early Detection is the Answer

Men Assuming Responsibility

for Their HealthPSA

DRE

No Warning!

Since symptoms can be caused by other conditions annual testing is KEY!

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), a blood test

Digital Rectal Examination (DRE), a physical exam

Basic tools to find Prostate Cancer EARLY!

What You Should Know About the PSA Test

PSA is checked by a blood test

The real value of the PSA test is in testing year to year and observing the rate of change

Medical opinion is divided about the usefulness of a single PSA

One test out of range could be caused by other problems

PSA is not prostate cancer specific

Why do I have to have a DRE?

In the DRE the doctor examines you by feeling the prostate gland through the rectum with his finger (digit)

DRE improves the value of PSA testing in early disease detection

DRE and PSA together are often able to detect prostate cancer better and sooner than either test alone

When do I need to start getting tested?

DRE: 40 years and older every year (American Cancer Society guidelines)

PSA: 50 years and older every year (American Cancer Society guidelines)

If family history of prostate cancer and/or African-American: 45 years and older every year (American Cancer Society guidelines)

What if the doctor doesn’t offer PSA and DRE?

Some doctors do not offer these tests to men at risk

These men have the right to request to be tested annually if so desired

You may have to insist on being tested

Be a man! Take responsibility for

your health! Ask your doctor for a copy of

your results. The normal range for PSA is 0.0 to 4.0 ng/ml. (This is just a guideline range)

Knowing your “PSA number” lets you help track your own health.

Do not accept “your PSA is fine” from your doctor without getting a copy of the real number.

What if my PSA is high?

Infection needs to be ruled out

Antibiotics are prescribed to rule out infection

Free-PSA ratio test - Ordered if PSA remains high after antibiotics. It helps detect the presence of prostate cancer. A free-PSA ratio of 15% or less indicates a high probability of prostate cancer

Ultrasound and biopsy examination may be ordered if the Free-PSA ratio indicates possible cancer

In Case of a Diagnosis With a Positive Biopsy…

Do not panic, learn your treatment options by contacting your local US TOO prostate cancer support group chapter.To locate a local chapter call: 1-800-80-US TOO or access their website at: http://www.ustoo.com

Get a second opinion on the biopsy sample by a pathologist specializing in prostate cancer. Your treatment decision depends on a good assessment of the biopsy material

Get a second opinion about your diagnosis and treatment options from an unbiased specialist in prostate cancer treatment

QUESTIONS?

PowerPoint presentation by Bert Chamberland/Ralph Valle. Updated: 01/2006

Copyright 2000 Arizona Division US TOO! Prostate Cancer Support Groups