Utah Flora BOT2100

Lecture 8Angiosperm Families IV

Including:

Asteraceae Chenopodiaceae

Polygonaceae Rosaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Major Families

Asteraceae – sunflowers

Campanulaceae – blue bells

Asterales

11 families 1649 genera 25,790 species

Utah Flora BOT2100Asterales

Asteraceae Compositae

Worldwide 1620 genera 23,600 species

Utah (Native and Introduced) 193 genera 481 species•annuals, perennial herbs, or shrubs

•leaves alternate or opposite, simple to pinnately compound

•inflorescence solitary, cymes, spikes, racemes, or panicles

•flowers inferior, imperfect or perfect, irregular or regular

•calyx fused or separate, pappus-bract-like scales or bristle-like awns, few to many

•corolla of 2 types: ray-fused & irregular; disk-fused & regular

•stamens 5, anthers fused in a tube

•fruit an achene

Utah Flora BOT2100

Helianthus Worldwide 50 species

Utah (Native and Introduced) 6 species

•annual or perennial herbs

•leaves simple, lowermost opposite, upper alternate

•receptacle chaffy

•heads with both ray and disk flowers

•pappus of 2 awns with a broad papery base

Asterales Asteraceae Compositae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Helianthus annuus

•robust annual

•involucral bracts (phyllaries) broad at the base and tapering toward the tip

•disk corollas yellowish to reddish

•ray corollas showy, yellowish

Asterales Asteraceae Compositae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Cirsium Worldwide 200 species

Utah (Native and Introduced) 25 species

•biennial or perennial herbs

•leaves alternate, simple, pinnatifid, often spiny-toothed

•receptacle bristly; phyllaries often spiny-toothed

•heads with disk flowers only

•pappus of capillary bristles

•corollas white, pink, red or lavender

•anthers caudate at the base (tail-like appendanges)

Asterales Asteraceae Compositae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Cirsium calcareum

•Colorado Plateau desert species

•leaves arachnoid-villous

•corolla purplish

•style tip short 0.8-3 mm long

Asterales Asteraceae Compositae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Crepis Worldwide 200 species

Utah (Native and Introduced) 8 species

•annual biennial or perennial herbs

•leaves alternate or all basal

•receptacle naked

•head of ray flowers only

•sister genus, Hieracium, is similar except corollas are white

Asterales Asteraceae Compositae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Crepis acuminata

•sagebrush valley & montane species

•plants perennial herbs from caudex

•leaves and stems tomentose

•heads cylindric

Asterales Asteraceae Compositae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Major Families

Rosaceae – Rosa, Prunus (cherries), Malus (apple)

Elaeagnaceae – Russian olive

Ulmaceae – Elm trees

Urticaceae – stinging nettles

Rosales

9 families 261 genera 7,725 species

Utah Flora BOT2100Rosales

Rosaceae

Worldwide 90 genera 2,520 species

Utah (Native and Introduced) 37 genera 70 species•annuals, perennial herbs, shrubs, or trees

•leaves alternate or rarely opposite, simple to compound

•inflorescence solitary, racemes, panicles or cymes

•flowers inferior or superior, perfect, regular

•calyx 3-10 lobed, fused sometimes as a hypanthium

•corolla of 3-10 petals, usually 5, distinct

•stamens 5 to many; pistils 1 to several distinct ovaries

•fruit a drupe, pome, follicle, or aggregate achene

Utah Flora BOT2100

Prunus Worldwide 150 species

Utah (Native and Introduced) ~5 species

•shrubs or trees

•leaves alternate, simple, often serrate; stems with caducous stipules

•flowers perigynous, with petals & stamens borne above the ovary

•sepals 5 lobed, basally fused into a hypanthium

•corollas 5 petaled, distinct

•stamens 15+; pistils 1; fruit a drupe

Rosales Rosaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Prunus virginiana

•common native, montane species

•plants shrubs with leaves not in fascicles

•inflorescence racemose with 15+ flowers

•drupe reddish to blackish

Rosales Rosaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Cercocarpus Worldwide 10 species

Utah (Native) 3 species

•shrubs or trees

•leaves in fascicles on short, spur-like branchlets or alternate

•flowers perigynous, with petals & stamens borne above the ovary

•sepals 5 lobed, basally fused into a hypanthium

•corollas absent

•stamens 15+; pistils 1; fruit an achene with persistent, plumose style

Rosales Rosaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Cercocarpus

•common native, montane species

•plants shrubs or trees with leaves in fascicles (spur-shoots) •leaves entire, linear margins revolute

•achene long tailed

Rosales Rosaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Potentilla Worldwide 200 species

Utah (Native and Introduced) 28 species

•annual, biennial or perennial herbs

•leaves alternate, often palmately or pinnately lobed to compound

•flowers perigynous, hypanthium inconspicuous, disk-shaped

•sepals 5 lobed, basally fused into a hypanthium

•corollas 5 petaled, distinct, mostly yellow

•stamens 20+; pistils 5 to many; fruit an achene

Rosales Rosaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Potentilla glandulosa

•common native, montane species

•glandular-pubescent perennial herbs •leaves pinnately compound, 3-9 leaflets

•inflorescence open, diverging

Rosales Rosaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Major Families

Cactaceae – cacti, prickly pears, cholla

Caryophyllaceae – Dianthus, chickweeds

Chenopodiaceae – saltbush, russian thistle

Nyctaginaceae – four-o’clock

Polygonaceae – buckwheat, Rumex

Caryophyllales

34 families 692 genera 11,155 species

Utah Flora BOT2100Caryophyllales

Chenopodiaceae

Worldwide 90 genera 2,520 species

Utah (Native and Introduced) 37 genera 70 species•annuals, perennial herbs, or shrubs

•leaves alternate or rarely opposite, simple

•inflorescence axillary cluster, spicate panicles, or cymose

•flowers superior, imperfect, regular, dioecious or monecious

•perianth of 5 tepals, distinct, enclosing the ovary

•stamens 5 to many; pistils 1 to several, distinct

•fruit a utricle or achene

Utah Flora BOT2100

Atriplex Worldwide 300 species

Utah (Native and Introduced) 27 species

•annuals, perennial herbs, or shrubs; pubescence scurfy

•leaves alternate or opposite, simple

•flowers superior, imperfect; dioecious or monecious

•sepals indistinguishable from corollas

•perianth of 5 tepals, distinct

•stamens 5; pistil 1

•fruit a winged utricle

Caryophyllales Chenopodiaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Atriplex canescens

•common native, desert shrub •leaves simple, entire

•dioecious; female achene with 4 bract-like wings

Caryophyllales Chenopodiaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100Caryophyllales

Polygonaceae

Worldwide 43 genera 1,110 species

Utah (Native and Introduced) 8 genera 86 species•annuals, perennial herbs, or shrubs

•leaves alternate or opposite, simple

•inflorescence cymes, racemes, or umbels

•flowers superior, perfect or imperfect, regular

•perianth of 3-6 tepals, distinct, enclosing the ovary

•stamens 6-9; pistils 1 with 1-3 styles

•fruit an achene

Utah Flora BOT2100

Eriogonum Worldwide 250 species

Utah (Native and Introduced) 57 species

•annuals, perennial herbs, or shrubs; pubescence often wooly

•leaves basal or a few alternate & cauline, simple

•Inflorescence umbellate

•flowers perfect; borne in 4-10 lobed involucres (sepal-like)

•sepals indistinguishable from corollas

•perianth of 3-6 tepals, distinct

•stamens 9; pistil 1; fruit a winged achene

Caryophyllales Polygonaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Eriogonum umbellatum

•commom montane perennial •leaves simple, entire, spatulate

•perianth yellow

•umbels subtended by whorled bracts

Caryophyllales Polygonaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Rumex Worldwide 200 species

Utah (Native and Introduced) 12 species

•annuals or perennial herbs from stout taproots

•leaves basal or alternate & cauline, simple

•flowers perfect or imperfect (dioecious); inflorescences paniculate

•sepals indistinguishable from corollas

•perianth of 6 tepals, distinct

•stamens 9; pistil 1

•fruit a winged achene with thickened midveins (wings called valves)

Caryophyllales Polygonaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100

Rumex venosus

•native desert perennial herb with creeping rhizomes •found in sand dune habitats

•leaves simple, entire

•valves of fruit 10-20 mm wide •valves lacking tuberosities (thickened mid-veins)

Caryophyllales Polygonaceae

Utah Flora BOT2100Quiz 4Part A

On the sheet of paper provided, please answer the following questions (spelling counts):

1.To which family does this specimen belong?

2.?

3.?

Utah Flora BOT2100Quiz 4Part B

1.On a new sheet, please determine this specimen to genus (spelling counts).

This specimen belongs to family:

2. If time remains, for extra credit, determine this specimen to species

You may use your Utah Flora, your notes, or any other handouts provided in class for Part B

Utah Flora BOT2100

Assignment

•Draw and label species provided in lab

•Make sure to label those morphological features that helped you identify the sample (the characters in the key)

•Identify & label all samples to family and genus

•For Practice: use A Utah Flora to identify & label all samples to species (other than any we determined in class together)