Utilities, Ohio · 2016. 5. 27. · ShirinA. Ahmed,Assistant Chief for Post-Collection...

Ohio

1997 Economic Census

Utilities

Geographic Area Series

1997Issued December 1999

EC97T22A-OH

U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Many persons participated in the variousactivities of the 1997 Economic Census forthe Utilities sector.

Service Sector Statistics Division preparedthis report. Bobby E. Russell, AssistantChief for Census Programs, was respon-sible for the overall planning, manage-ment, and coordination. Planning andimplementation were under the directionof Steven M. Roman, Chief, Utilities andFinancial Census Branch, assisted byPamela J. Palmer. Primary staffassistance was provided by Diane M.Carodiskey-Beeson, Sandra K. Creech,Carrie A. Hill, Amy R. Houtz, Lori E.Inman, Debra G. Karrels andDouglas A. Smyly.

Mathematical and statistical techniques aswell as the coverage operations were pro-vided by Carl A. Konschnik, AssistantChief for Research and Methodology,assisted by Carol S. King, Chief, Statisti-cal Methods Branch, and Jock R. Black,Chief, Program Research and DevelopmentBranch, with staff assistance fromMaria C. Cruz and David L. Kinyon.

The Economic Planning and CoordinationDivision provided overall planning andreview of many operations and the com-puter processing procedures. Shirin A.Ahmed, Assistant Chief for Post-CollectionProcessing, was responsible for edit proce-dures and designing the interactive ana-lytical software. Design and specificationswere prepared under the supervision ofDennis L. Shoemaker, Chief, Census Pro-cessing Branch, assisted by John D.Ward. Primary staff assistance was pro-vided by Sonya P. Curcio, Richard W.Graham, and Cheryl E. Merkle. The Eco-nomic Product Team, with primary contri-butions from Andrew W. Hait andJennifer E. Lins, was responsible for thedevelopment of the system to disseminate1997 Economic Census reports.

The staff of the National Processing Center,Judith N. Petty, Chief, performed mailoutpreparation and receipt operations, clericaland analytical review activities, and dataentry.

The Geography Division staff developedgeographic coding procedures and associ-ated computer programs.

The Economic Statistical Methods and Pro-gramming Division, Charles P. Pautler Jr,Chief, developed and coordinated the com-puter processing systems. Martin S.Harahush, Assistant Chief for Quinquen-nial Programs, was responsible for designand implementation of the computer sys-tems. Robert S. Jewett and Barbara L.Lambert provided special computer pro-gramming. William C. Wester, Chief, Ser-vices Branch, assisted by Robert A. Hill,Dennis P. Kelly, and Jeffrey S. Rosen,supervised the preparation of the com-puter programs. Additional programmingassistance was provided by Donell D.Barnes, Daniel C. Collier, Gilbert J.Flodine, David Hiller, Leatrice D.Hines, William D. McClain, Jay L.Norris, Sarah J. Presley, and Michael A.Sendelbach.

Computer Services Division, Debra D.Williams, Chief, performed the computerprocessing.

Kim D. Ottenstein and Margaret A.Smith of the Administrative and CustomerServices Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief,provided publications and printing man-agement, graphics design and composi-tion, and editorial review for print andelectronic media. General direction andproduction management were provided byMichael G. Garland, Assistant DivisionChief, and Gary J. Lauffer, Chief, Publica-tions Services Branch.

Special acknowledgment is also due themany businesses whose cooperation hascontributed to the publication of thesedata.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Ohio

1997 Economic Census

Utilities

Geographic Area Series

1997Issued December 1999

EC97T22A-OH

U.S. Department of CommerceWilliam M. Daley,

SecretaryRobert L. Mallett,

Deputy Secretary

Economicsand Statistics

AdministrationRobert J. Shapiro,Under Secretary for

Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAUKenneth Prewitt,

Director

Paula J. Schneider,Principal Associate Directorfor Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker,Associate Directorfor Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg,Assistant Directorfor Economic Programs

Carole A. Ambler,Chief, Service SectorStatistics Division

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economicsand StatisticsAdministration

Robert J. Shapiro,Under Secretaryfor Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Kenneth Prewitt,Director

William G. Barron,Deputy Director

CONTENTS

Introduction to the Economic Census 1.............................

Utilities 5.......................................................

TABLES

1. Summary Statistics for the State: 1997 7.....................

2. Summary Statistics for Metropolitan Areas: 1997 7.............

APPENDIXES

A. Explanation of Terms A–1.....................................

B. NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions B–1......................

C. Coverage and Methodology C–1................................

D. Geographic Notes D–1........................................

E. Metropolitan Areas E–1.......................................

UTILITIESmGEOG. AREA SERIES OHIO iiiU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Dec. 29, 1999

Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts aboutthe structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. Itprovides essential information for government, business,industry, and the general public. Title 13 of the UnitedStates Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the Cen-sus Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years,covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The economic census furnishes an important part of theframework for such composite measures as the grossdomestic product estimates, input/output measures, pro-duction and price indexes, and other statistical series thatmeasure short-term changes in economic conditions. Spe-cific uses of economic census data include the following:

• Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government usethe data to monitor economic activity and assess theeffectiveness of policies.

• State and local governments use the data to assessbusiness activities and tax bases within their jurisdic-tions and to develop programs to attract business.

• Trade associations study trends in their own and com-peting industries, which allows them to keep their mem-bers informed of market changes.

• Individual businesses use the data to locate potentialmarkets and to analyze their own production and salesperformance relative to industry or area averages.

ALL-NEW INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS

Data from the 1997 Economic Census are published pri-marily on the basis of the North American Industry Classi-fication System (NAICS), unlike earlier censuses, whichwere published according to the Standard Industrial Classi-fication (SIC) system. NAICS is in the process of beingadopted in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Mosteconomic census reports cover one of the following NAICSsectors:

21 Mining22 Utilities23 Construction31-33 Manufacturing42 Wholesale Trade44-45 Retail Trade48-49 Transportation and Warehousing51 Information

52 Finance and Insurance53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical

Services55 Management of Companies and Enterprises56 Administrative and Support and Waste

Management and Remediation Services61 Educational Services62 Health Care and Social Assistance71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation72 Accommodation and Foodservices81 Other Services (except Public Administration)

(Not listed above are the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, andHunting sector (NAICS 11), partially covered by the censusof agriculture conducted by the U.S. Department of Agri-culture, and the Public Administration sector (NAICS 92),covered by the census of governments conducted by theCensus Bureau.)

The 20 NAICS sectors are subdivided into 96 subsectors(three-digit codes), 313 industry groups (four-digit codes),and, as implemented in the United States, 1170 industries(five- and six-digit codes).

RELATIONSHIP TO SIC

While many of the individual NAICS industries corre-spond directly to industries as defined under the SIC sys-tem, most of the higher level groupings do not. Particularcare should be taken in comparing data for retail trade,wholesale trade, and manufacturing, which are sectortitles used in both NAICS and SIC, but cover somewhat dif-ferent groups of industries. The industry definitions dis-cuss the relationships between NAICS and SIC industries.Where changes are significant, it will not be possible toconstruct time series that include data for points bothbefore and after 1997.

For 1997, data for auxiliary establishments (those func-tioning primarily to manage, service, or support the activi-ties of their company’s operating establishments, such asa central administrative office or warehouse) will not beincluded in the sector-specific reports. These data will bepublished separately.

GEOGRAPHIC AREA CODING

Accurate and complete information on the physicallocation of each establishment is required to tabulate thecensus data for the states, metropolitan areas (MAs), coun-ties, parishes, and corporate municipalities including cit-ies, towns, villages, and boroughs. Respondents were

INTRODUCTION 11997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

required to report their physical location (street address,municipality, county, and state) if it differed from theirmailing address. For establishments not surveyed by mail(and those single-establishment companies that did notprovide acceptable information on physical location), loca-tion information from Internal Revenue Service tax formsis used as a basis for coding.

BASIS OF REPORTING

The economic census is conducted on an establishmentbasis. A company operating at more than one location isrequired to file a separate report for each store, factory,shop, or other location. Each establishment is assigned aseparate industry classification based on its primary activ-ity and not that of its parent company.

DOLLAR VALUES

All dollar values presented are expressed in current dol-lars; i.e., 1997 data are expressed in 1997 dollars, and1992 data, in 1992 dollars. Consequently, when makingcomparisons with prior years, users of the data shouldconsider the changes in prices that have occurred.

All dollar values are shown in thousands of dollars.

AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA

Reports in Print and Electronic Media

All results of the 1997 Economic Census are availableon the Census Bureau Internet site (www.census.gov) andon compact discs (CD-ROM) for sale by the Census Bureau.Unlike previous censuses, only selected highlights arepublished in printed reports. For more information, includ-ing a description of electronic and printed reports beingissued, see the Internet site, or write to U.S. CensusBureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300, or call CustomerServices at 301-457-4100.

Special Tabulations

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1997 Eco-nomic Census may be obtained, depending on availabilityof time and personnel, in electronic or tabular form. Thedata will be summaries subject to the same rules prohibit-ing disclosure of confidential information (including name,address, kind of business, or other data for individualbusiness establishments or companies) that govern theregular publications.

Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. Arequest for a cost estimate, as well as exact specificationson the type and format of the data to be provided, shouldbe directed to the Chief of the division named below, U.S.Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300. To discuss aspecial tabulation before submitting specifications, callthe appropriate division:

Manufacturing and Construction Division 301-457-4673Service Sector Statistics Division 301-457-2668

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integratedprogram at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual com-ponents of the economic census were taken separately atvarying intervals.

The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing wereincluded with those for population. Coverage of economicactivities was expanded for the 1840 Decennial Censusand subsequent censuses to include mining and somecommercial activities. The 1905 Manufactures Census wasthe first time a census was taken apart from the regulardecennial population census. Censuses covering retail andwholesale trade and construction industries were added in1930, as were some covering service trades in 1933. Cen-suses of construction, manufacturing, and the other busi-ness service censuses were suspended during World WarII.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to befully integrated: providing comparable census data acrosseconomic sectors, using consistent time periods, con-cepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. Itwas the first census to be taken by mail, using lists offirms provided by the administrative records of other Fed-eral agencies. Since 1963, administrative records alsohave been used to provide basic statistics for very smallfirms, reducing or eliminating the need to send them cen-sus questionnaires.

The range of industries covered in the economic cen-suses expanded between 1967 and 1992. The census ofconstruction industries began on a regular basis in 1967,and the scope of service industries, introduced in 1933,was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a fewtransportation industries were covered as early as 1963, itwas not until 1992 that the census broadened to includeall of transportation, communications, and utilities. Alsonew for 1992 was coverage of financial, insurance, andreal estate industries. With these additions, the economiccensus and the separate census of governments and cen-sus of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percentof all economic activity.

Printed statistical reports from the 1992 and earliercensuses provide historical figures for the study of long-term time series and are available in some large libraries.All of the census reports printed since 1967 are still avail-able for sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.CD-ROMs issued from the 1987 and 1992 Economic Cen-suses contain databases including nearly all data pub-lished in print, plus additional statistics, such as ZIP Codestatistics, published only on CD-ROM.

2 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classifica-tion system, data items, and publications for each of theeconomic censuses and related surveys is published in theGuide to the 1997 Economic Census and Related Statisticsat www.census.gov/econguide. More information on themethodology, procedures, and history of the censuses willbe published in the History of the 1997 Economic Censusat www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used withthe 1997 Economic Census data:

A Standard error of 100 percent or more.D Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual

companies; data are included in higher leveltotals.

F Exceeds 100 percent because data includeestablishments with payroll exceeding rev-enue.

N Not available or not comparable.Q Revenue not collected at this level of detail for

multiestablishment firms.S Withheld because estimates did not meet

publication standards.

V Represents less than 50 vehicles or .05percent.

X Not applicable.Y Disclosure withheld because of insufficient

coverage of merchandise lines.Z Less than half the unit shown.a 0 to 19 employees.b 20 to 99 employees.c 100 to 249 employees.e 250 to 499 employees.f 500 to 999 employees.g 1,000 to 2,499 employees.h 2,500 to 4,999 employees.i 5,000 to 9,999 employees.j 10,000 to 24,999 employees.k 25,000 to 49,999 employees.l 50,000 to 99,999 employees.m 100,000 employees or more.p 10 to 19 percent estimated.q 20 to 29 percent estimated.r Revised.s Sampling error exceeds 40 percent.nec Not elsewhere classified.nsk Not specified by kind.– Represents zero (page image/print only).(CC) Consolidated city.(IC) Independent city.

INTRODUCTION 31997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


This page is intentionally blank.

4 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


Utilities

SCOPE

The Utilities sector (sector 22) comprises establish-ments engaged in the provision of the following utility ser-vices: electric power, natural gas, steam supply, water sup-ply, sewage removal. Within this sector, the specificactivities associated with the utility services provided varyby utility: electric power includes generation, transmis-sion, and distribution; natural gas includes distribution;steam supply includes provision and/or distribution; watersupply includes treatment and distribution; and sewageremoval includes collection, treatment, and disposal ofwaste through sewer systems and sewage treatment facili-ties.

Excluded from this sector are establishments primarilyengaged in waste management services classified in Sub-sector 562, Waste Management and Remediation Services.These establishments also collect, treat, and dispose ofwaste materials; however, they do not use sewer systemsor sewage treatment facilities.

GENERAL

A list of reports that provide statistics on sector 22 fol-lows.

Geographic area report. There is a separate report foreach state, the District of Columbia, and the United States.Each state report presents general statistics on number ofestablishments, revenue, payroll, and establishments withemployment by kind of business for the state and metro-politan areas (MAs). Greater kind-of-business detail isshown for larger areas. The United States report presentsdata for the United States as a whole.

Sources of revenue report. This report presentssources of revenue data for establishments by kind ofbusiness. Data are presented for the United States.

Establishment and firm size (including legal form oforganization) report. This report presents revenue,payroll, and employment data for the United States by rev-enue size, by employment size, and by legal form of orga-nization for establishments with paid employees; and byrevenue size (including concentration by largest firms), byemployment size, and by number of establishments oper-ated (single units and multiunits) for firms with paidemployees.

Miscellaneous subjects report. This report presentsdata for establishments with paid employees for a variety

of industry-specific questions. Presentation of data variesby kind of business.

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED

The level of geographic detail varies by report. Datamay be presented for:

1. The United States as a whole.

2. States and the District of Columbia.

3. Consolidated metropolitan statistical areas (CMSAs)and primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs)defined by the Office of Management and Budget(OMB) as of June 30, 1997. A CMSA is an area used tofacilitate the presentation and analysis of data forlarge concentrations of metropolitan populations. Itincludes two or more contiguous PMSAs which have apopulation of at least 1,000,000 (according to the1990 Census of Population or subsequent special cen-sus) and which meet specific criteria of urban charac-ter and of social and economic integration.

4. Metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) defined by theOMB as of June 30, 1997. An MSA is an integrated eco-nomic and social unit with a population nucleus of atleast 50,000 inhabitants (according to the 1990 Cen-sus of Population or subsequent special census). EachMSA consists of one or more counties meeting stan-dards of metropolitan character. In New England, citiesand towns rather than counties are the componentgeographic units.

COMPARABILITY OF THE 1992 AND 1997 CENSUSES

The 1997 Economic Census is the first census topresent data based on the new North American IndustryClassification System (NAICS). Previous census data werepresented according to the Standard Industrial Classifica-tion (SIC) system developed some 60 years ago. Due tothis change, comparability between census years may belimited. Comparative statistics will be included as part ofthe Core Business Statistics Reports.

DISCLOSURE

In accordance with Federal law governing censusreports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no data are

UTILITIES 51997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


published that would disclose the operations of anindividual establishment or business. However, the num-ber of establishments in a kind-of-business classification isnot considered a disclosure; therefore, this informationmay be released even though other information is with-held.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT ECONOMICDATA

The Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns programoffers annual statistics on the number of establishments,employment, and payroll classified by industry withineach county.

6 UTILITIES 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


Table 1. Summary Statistics for the State: 1997[Includes only establishments with payroll. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICScode Kind of business

Percent of revenuem

Establish~ments

(number)Revenue($1,000)

Annual payroll($1,000)

First~quarterpayroll

($1,000)

Paidemployees

for payperiod

includingMarch 12(number)

Fromadminis~

trativerecords1 Estimated2

OHIO22 Utilities 533..................................................... 16 893 425 1 533 320 388 289 31 560 .7 .6

221 Utilities 533.............................................................. 16 893 425 1 533 320 388 289 31 560 .7 .6

2211 Electric power generation, transmission, & distribution 321................... 12 587 884 1 232 807 313 971 24 809 – .722111 Electric power generation 130.......................................... 5 528 802 440 548 111 236 9 293 – .4221112 Fossil fuel electric power generation 119............................... D D D i D D2211121 Electric services (fossil fuel power generation) 115.................... 3 868 518 286 195 71 817 6 141 – .3

22112 Electric power transmission, control, & distribution 191.................... 7 059 082 792 259 202 735 15 516 – .9221121 Electric bulk power transmission & control 16.......................... D D D b D D2211211 Electric services (electric power transmission & control) 16............ D D D b D D221122 Electric power distribution 175........................................ D D D j D D2211221 Electric services (electric power distribution) 126...................... D D D j D D2211222 Electric & other services combined (electric power distribution) 49..... D D D i D D

2212 Natural gas distribution 125.............................................. 4 141 915 271 519 66 436 5 742 2.8 .122121 Natural gas distribution 125............................................ 4 141 915 271 519 66 436 5 742 2.8 .1221210 Natural gas distribution 125.......................................... 4 141 915 271 519 66 436 5 742 2.8 .12212101 Natural gas transmission & distribution (distribution) 27............... D D D g D D2212102 Natural gas distribution 94........................................ 1 741 391 139 756 33 894 2 972 – .2

2213 Water, sewage, & other systems 87...................................... 163 626 28 994 7 882 1 009 3.2 .522131 Water supply & irrigation systems 64................................... 119 321 19 252 5 336 692 .5 .6221310 Water supply & irrigation systems 64................................. 119 321 19 252 5 336 692 .5 .62213101 Water supply 60................................................. 118 397 18 919 5 300 686 – .6

22132 Sewage treatment facilities 19......................................... D D D c D D221320 Sewage treatment facilities 19....................................... D D D c D D

1Includes revenue information obtained from administrative records of other Federal agencies.2Includes revenue information which was imputed based on historic company ratios or administrative records, or on industry averages.

Table 2. Summary Statistics for Metropolitan Areas: 1997[Includes only establishments with payroll. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For definitions of metropolitan areas (CMSAs,MSAs, and PMSAs), see Appendix E]

NAICScode Geographic area and kind of business

Percent of revenuem

Establish~ments




($1,000)

Paidemployees

for payperiod


Fromadminis~


CANTON–MASSILLON, OH MSA22 Utilities 21..................................................... 406 446 41 585 10 535 906 – –

221 Utilities 21.............................................................. 406 446 41 585 10 535 906 – –

2211 Electric power generation, transmission, & distribution 12................... D D D f D D

CINCINNATI–HAMILTON, OH–KY–IN CMSA

22 Utilities 69..................................................... 2 994 357 295 817 75 279 5 520 3.9 –

221 Utilities 69.............................................................. 2 994 357 295 817 75 279 5 520 3.9 –

2211 Electric power generation, transmission, & distribution 46................... D D D i D D22112 Electric power transmission, control, & distribution 40.................... D D D h D D221122 Electric power distribution 40........................................ D D D h D D2211222 Electric & other services combined (electric power distribution) 30..... D D D h D D

2213 Water, sewage, & other systems 19...................................... D D D c D D22131 Water supply & irrigation systems 15................................... D D D c D D221310 Water supply & irrigation systems 15................................. D D D c D D2213101 Water supply 15................................................. D D D c D D

Cincinnati, OH–KY–IN PMSA

22 Utilities 57..................................................... 2 792 815 279 641 71 099 5 172 4.1 –

221 Utilities 57.............................................................. 2 792 815 279 641 71 099 5 172 4.1 –

2211 Electric power generation, transmission, & distribution 39................... D D D i D D22112 Electric power transmission, control, & distribution 33.................... D D D h D D221122 Electric power distribution 33........................................ D D D h D D2211222 Electric & other services combined (electric power distribution) 24..... D D D h D D

2213 Water, sewage, & other systems 15...................................... D D D c D D22131 Water supply & irrigation systems 12................................... D D D b D D221310 Water supply & irrigation systems 12................................. D D D b D D2213101 Water supply 12................................................. D D D b D D

Hamilton–Middletown, OH PMSA

22 Utilities 12..................................................... 201 542 16 176 4 180 348 .7 –

221 Utilities 12.............................................................. 201 542 16 176 4 180 348 .7 –

See footnotes at end of table.

UTILITIESmGEOG. AREA SERIES OHIO 7U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Dec. 29, 1999

Table 2. Summary Statistics for Metropolitan Areas: 1997mCon.[Includes only establishments with payroll. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For definitions of metropolitan areas (CMSAs,MSAs, and PMSAs), see Appendix E]


Percent of revenuem

Establish~ments




($1,000)

Paidemployees

for payperiod


Fromadminis~


CLEVELAND–AKRON, OH CMSA

22 Utilities 89..................................................... D D D i D D

221 Utilities 89.............................................................. D D D i D D

2211 Electric power generation, transmission, & distribution 57................... D D D i D D22111 Electric power generation 11.......................................... D D D g D D

22112 Electric power transmission, control, & distribution 46.................... D D D h D D221122 Electric power distribution 43........................................ D D D h D D2211221 Electric services (electric power distribution) 41...................... D D D h D D

2212 Natural gas distribution 17.............................................. D D D g D D22121 Natural gas distribution 17............................................ D D D g D D221210 Natural gas distribution 17.......................................... D D D g D D2212102 Natural gas distribution 13........................................ 228 490 20 186 4 450 428 – –

2213 Water, sewage, & other systems 15...................................... D D D e D D

Akron, OH PMSA

22 Utilities 8..................................................... D D D g D D

221 Utilities 8.............................................................. D D D g D D

Cleveland–Lorain–Elyria, OH PMSA

22 Utilities 81..................................................... 3 027 136 308 893 76 126 6 519 .1 2.2

221 Utilities 81.............................................................. 3 027 136 308 893 76 126 6 519 .1 2.2

2211 Electric power generation, transmission, & distribution 55................... D D D h D D22111 Electric power generation 11.......................................... D D D g D D


2212 Natural gas distribution 15.............................................. D D D g D D22121 Natural gas distribution 15............................................ D D D g D D221210 Natural gas distribution 15.......................................... D D D g D D2212102 Natural gas distribution 12........................................ 228 490 20 149 4 442 427 – –

2213 Water, sewage, & other systems 11...................................... D D D c D D

COLUMBUS, OH MSA

22 Utilities 87..................................................... 3 065 392 312 581 79 398 5 827 – .2

221 Utilities 87.............................................................. 3 065 392 312 581 79 398 5 827 – .2

2211 Electric power generation, transmission, & distribution 52................... 1 292 401 223 599 57 898 3 987 – .122111 Electric power generation 34.......................................... D D D g D D221112 Fossil fuel electric power generation 31............................... D D D g D D2211121 Electric services (fossil fuel power generation) 31.................... D D D g D D


2212 Natural gas distribution 27.............................................. 1 747 096 85 010 20 575 1 722 – .222121 Natural gas distribution 27............................................ 1 747 096 85 010 20 575 1 722 – .2221210 Natural gas distribution 27.......................................... 1 747 096 85 010 20 575 1 722 – .22212102 Natural gas distribution 21........................................ D D D g D D

DAYTON–SPRINGFIELD, OH MSA

22 Utilities 22..................................................... 939 021 58 153 14 719 1 744 – .1

221 Utilities 22.............................................................. 939 021 58 153 14 719 1 744 – .1

2211 Electric power generation, transmission, & distribution 20................... D D D g D D22112 Electric power transmission, control, & distribution 20.................... D D D g D D221122 Electric power distribution 20........................................ D D D g D D2211222 Electric & other services combined (electric power distribution) 14..... D D D g D D

HUNTINGTON–ASHLAND, WV–KY–OH MSA

22 Utilities 34..................................................... 333 670 36 063 8 869 874 – 4.6

221 Utilities 34.............................................................. 333 670 36 063 8 869 874 – 4.6

2211 Electric power generation, transmission, & distribution 17................... D D D f D D22112 Electric power transmission, control, & distribution 13.................... D D D f D D221122 Electric power distribution 11........................................ D D D f D D2211221 Electric services (electric power distribution) 11...................... D D D f D D

LIMA, OH MSA

22 Utilities 10..................................................... 141 156 9 852 2 458 219 – –

221 Utilities 10.............................................................. 141 156 9 852 2 458 219 – –

MANSFIELD, OH MSA

22 Utilities 5..................................................... 153 175 11 407 2 922 221 – –

221 Utilities 5.............................................................. 153 175 11 407 2 922 221 – –

See footnotes at end of table.

8 OHIO UTILITIESmGEOG. AREA SERIESU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Dec. 29, 1999

Table 2. Summary Statistics for Metropolitan Areas: 1997mCon.[Includes only establishments with payroll. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For definitions of metropolitan areas (CMSAs,MSAs, and PMSAs), see Appendix E]


Percent of revenuem

Establish~ments




($1,000)

Paidemployees

for payperiod


Fromadminis~


PARKERSBURG–MARIETTA, WV–OH MSA

22 Utilities 18..................................................... 354 034 35 321 8 631 753 – –

221 Utilities 18.............................................................. 354 034 35 321 8 631 753 – –

STEUBENVILLE–WEIRTON, OH–WV MSA

22 Utilities 8..................................................... 629 444 52 062 13 300 1 017 – –

221 Utilities 8.............................................................. 629 444 52 062 13 300 1 017 – –

TOLEDO, OH MSA

22 Utilities 24..................................................... 651 143 54 638 13 900 1 173 – .9

221 Utilities 24.............................................................. 651 143 54 638 13 900 1 173 – .9

2211 Electric power generation, transmission, & distribution 13................... D D D f D D22112 Electric power transmission, control, & distribution 11.................... D D D f D D

WHEELING, WV–OH MSA

22 Utilities 12..................................................... 439 901 39 626 9 552 791 – .1

221 Utilities 12.............................................................. 439 901 39 626 9 552 791 – .1

YOUNGSTOWN–WARREN, OH MSA

22 Utilities 16..................................................... 616 189 47 244 12 117 951 – –

221 Utilities 16.............................................................. 616 189 47 244 12 117 951 – –

AREA OUTSIDE OHIO METROPOLITAN AREAS

22 Utilities 182..................................................... 2 878 883 243 928 62 348 5 477 – .6

221 Utilities 182.............................................................. 2 878 883 243 928 62 348 5 477 – .6

2211 Electric power generation, transmission, & distribution 110................... 2 404 484 200 130 51 055 4 361 – .722111 Electric power generation 62.......................................... 1 908 588 155 677 40 065 3 204 – .8221112 Fossil fuel electric power generation 57............................... D D D g D D2211121 Electric services (fossil fuel power generation) 57.................... D D D g D D

22112 Electric power transmission, control, & distribution 48.................... 495 896 44 453 10 990 1 157 – .3221122 Electric power distribution 41........................................ 495 896 43 608 10 846 1 143 – .32211221 Electric services (electric power distribution) 32...................... D D D f D D

2212 Natural gas distribution 42.............................................. 440 259 37 310 9 535 822 – .422121 Natural gas distribution 42............................................ 440 259 37 310 9 535 822 – .4221210 Natural gas distribution 42.......................................... 440 259 37 310 9 535 822 – .42212102 Natural gas distribution 33........................................ D D D f D D

2213 Water, sewage, & other systems 30...................................... 34 140 6 488 1 758 294 3.9 .122131 Water supply & irrigation systems 24................................... 32 511 5 973 1 650 268 – –221310 Water supply & irrigation systems 24................................. 32 511 5 973 1 650 268 – –2213101 Water supply 24................................................. 32 511 5 973 1 650 268 – –

1Includes revenue information obtained from administrative records of other Federal agencies.2Includes revenue information which was imputed based on historic company ratios or administrative records, or on industry averages.

UTILITIESmGEOG. AREA SERIES OHIO 9U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Dec. 29, 1999

Appendix A.Explanation of Terms

ANNUAL PAYROLL

Payroll includes all forms of compensation such as sala-ries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vaca-tion allowances, sick-leave pay, and employee contribu-tions to qualified pension plans paid during the year to allemployees. For corporations, payroll includes amountspaid to officers and executives; for unincorporated busi-nesses, it does not include profit or other compensation ofproprietors or partners. Payroll is reported before deduc-tions for social security, income tax insurance, union dues,etc. This definition of payroll is the same as that used bythe Internal Revenue Service (IRS) on form 941.

FIRST-QUARTER PAYROLL ($1,000)

Represents payroll paid to persons employed at anytime during the quarter January to March 1997.

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES

Paid employees consist of the full-time and part-timeemployees, including salaried officers and executives ofcorporations. Included are employees on paid sick leave,paid holidays, and paid vacations; not included are propri-etors and partners of unincorporated businesses. The defi-nition of paid employees is the same as that is used on IRSform 941.

Includes all employees who were on the payroll duringthe pay period including March 12.

NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS

An establishment is a single physical location at whichbusiness is conducted. It is not necessarily identical with acompany or enterprise, which may consist of one estab-lishment or more. Economic census figures represent asummary of reports for individual establishments ratherthan companies. For cases where a census report wasreceived, separate information was obtained for each loca-tion where business was conducted. When administrative

records of other Federal agencies were used instead of acensus report, no information was available on the num-ber of locations operated. Each economic census estab-lishment was tabulated according to the physical locationat which the business was conducted. The count of estab-lishments represents those in business at any time during1997.

When two or more activities were carried on at a singlelocation under a single ownership, all activities generallywere grouped together as a single establishment. Theentire establishment was classified on the basis of itsmajor activity and all data for it were included in that clas-sification. However, when distinct and separate economicactivities (for which different industry classification codeswere appropriate) were conducted at a single locationunder a single ownership, separate establishments reportsfor each of the different activities were obtained in thecensus.

REVENUE

Includes revenue from all business activities whether ornot payment was received in the census year. Revenuedoes not include sales and other taxes collected from cus-tomers and remitted directly by the firm to a local, state,or Federal tax agency.

SALES, RECEIPTS, OR REVENUE ESTIMATED(PERCENT)

Percent of total sales/receipts/revenue that wasimputed based on historic company ratios or administra-tive records, or on industry averages.

SALES, RECEIPTS, OR REVENUE FROM ADMINISTRA-TIVE RECORDS (PERCENT)

Percent of total sales/receipts/revenue obtained fromadministrative records of other Federal agencies.

APPENDIX A A–1UTILITIES


Appendix B.NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions

22 UTILITIES

The Utilities sector comprises establishments engagedin the provision of the following utility services: electricpower, natural gas, steam supply, water supply, and sew-age removal. Within this sector, the specific activities asso-ciated with the utility services provided vary by utility:electric power includes generation, transmission, and dis-tribution; natural gas includes distribution; steam supplyincludes provision and/or distribution; water supplyincludes treatment and distribution; and sewage removalincludes collection, treatment, and disposal of wastethrough sewer systems and sewage treatment facilities.

Excluded from this sector are establishments primarilyengaged in waste management services classified in Sub-sector 562, Waste Management and Remediation Services,which also collect, treat, and dispose of waste materials;however, they do not use sewer systems or sewage treat-ment facilities.

221 Utilities

Industries in the Utilities subsector provide electricpower, natural gas, steam supply, water supply, and sew-age removal through a permanent infrastructure of lines,mains, and pipes. Establishments are grouped togetherbased on the utility service provided and the particularsystem or facilities required to perform the service.

2211 Electric Power Generation, Transmission andDistribution

This industry group comprises establishments primarilyengaged in generating, transmitting, and/or distributingelectric power. Establishments in this industry group mayperform one or more of the following activities: (1) oper-ate generation facilities that produce electric energy; (2)operate transmission systems that convey the electricityfrom the generation facility to the distribution system; and(3) operate distribution systems that convey electricpower received from the generation facility or the trans-mission system to the final consumer.

22111 Electric Power Generation

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in operating electric power generation facilities.These facilities convert other forms of energy, such aswater power (i.e., hydroelectric), fossil fuels, nuclear

power, and solar power, into electrical energy. The estab-lishments in this industry produce electric energy and pro-vide electricity to transmission systems or to electricpower distribution systems.

221111 Hydroelectric Power Generation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in operating hydroelectric power generationfacilities. These facilities use water power to drive a tur-bine and produce electric energy. The electric energy pro-duced in these establishment is provided to electric powertransmission systems or to electric power distribution sys-tems.

The data published with NAICS code 221111 are com-prised of these parts of the following SIC industries:

4911 (pt) Electric services (hydroelectric powergeneration)

4931 (pt) Electric and other services combined(hydroelectric power generation)

4939 (pt) Combination utilities nec (hydroelectricpower generation)

2211111 Electric Services (Hydroelectric PowerGeneration)

Establishments primarily engaged in generating elec-tricity using hydroelectric process. Included are establish-ments that combine pump storage generation processes.

2211112 Electric and Other Services Combined(Hydroelectric Power Generation)

Establishments primarily engaged in providing hydro-electric power generation in combination with other ser-vices, with hydroelectric power generation being themajor part though less than 95 percent of the total.

2211113 Other Combination Utilities (Hydroelec-tric Power Generation)

Establishments primarily engaged in providing combi-nations of services with hydroelectric power generationpredominating.

221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in operating fossil fuel powered electric powergeneration facilities.

APPENDIX B B–1UTILITIES


These facilities use fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, or gas,in internal combustion or combustion turbine conven-tional steam process to produce electric energy. The elec-tric energy produced in these establishments are providedto electric power transmission systems or to electricpower distribution systems.

The data published with NAICS code 221112 is com-prised of these parts of the following SIC industries:

4911 (pt) Electric services (electric power generationby fossil fuels)

4931 (pt) Electric and other services combined(electric power generation by fossil fuels)

4939 (pt) Combination utilities nec (electric powergeneration by fossil fuels)

2211121 Electric Services (Fossil Fuel PowerGeneration)

Establishments primarily engaged in generating elec-tricity using fossil fuels, such as coal, gas, or oil in internalcombustion or combustion turbine conventional steamprocesses.

2211122 Electric and Other Services Combined(Fossil Fuel Power Generation)

Establishments primarily engaged in providing powergeneration by fossil fuels in combination with other ser-vices, with fossil fuel power generation being the majorpart though less than 95 percent of the total.

2211123 Other Combination Utilities (Fossil FuelPower Generation)

Establishments primarily engaged in providing combi-nations of services with fossil fuel power generation pre-dominating.

221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in operating nuclear electric power generationfacilities. These facilities use nuclear power to produceelectric energy. The electric energy produced in theseestablishments are provided to electric power transmis-sion systems or to electric power distribution systems.


4911 (pt) Electric services (electric power generationby nuclear fuels)

4931 (pt) Electric and other services combined(electric power generation by nuclear fuels)

4939 (pt) Combination utilities nec (electric powergeneration by nuclear fuels)

2211131 Electric Services (Nuclear PowerGeneration)

Establishments primarily engaged in generating elec-tricity using nuclear fuels.

2211132 Electric and Other Services Combined(Nuclear Power Generation)

Establishments primarily engaged in providing powergeneration by nuclear fuels in combination with other ser-vices, with nuclear fuel power generation being the majorpart though less than 95 percent of the total.

2211133 Other Combination Utilities (NuclearPower Generation)

Establishments primarily engaged in providing combi-nations of services with nuclear power generation pre-dominating.

221119 Other Electric Power Generation

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in operating electric power generation facilities(except hydroelectric, fossil fuel, nuclear). These facilitiesconvert other forms of energy, such as solar, wind, or tidalpower, into electrical energy. The electric energy producedin these establishment is provided to electric power trans-mission systems or to electric power distribution systems.


4911 (pt) Electric services (other electric powergeneration)

4931 (pt) Electric and other services combined (otherelectric power generation)

4939 (pt) Combination utilities nec (other electricpower generation)

2211191 Electric Services (Other Electric PowerGeneration)

Establishments primarily engaged in the generation ofelectric energy, not elsewhere classified.

2211192 Electric and Other Services Combined(Other Electric Power Generation)

Establishments primarily engaged in providing powergeneration, other than by hydro, nuclear, or fossil fuels, incombination with other services, with other power genera-tion being the major part though less than 95 percent ofthe total.

2211193 Other Combination Utilities (OtherElectric Power Generation)

Establishments primarily engaged in providing combi-nations of services with power generation by fuels otherthan hydro, nuclear, or fossil predominating.

B–2 APPENDIX B UTILITIES


22112 Electric Power Transmission, Control, andDistribution

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in operating electric power transmission sys-tems, controlling (i.e., regulating voltage) the transmissionof electricity, and/or distributing electricity. The transmis-sion system includes lines and transformer stations. Theseestablishments arrange, facilitate, or coordinate the trans-mission of electricity from the generating source to thedistribution centers, other electric utilities, or final con-sumers. The distribution system consists of lines, poles,meters, and wiring that deliver the electricity to final con-sumers.

221121 Electric Bulk Power Transmission andControl

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in operating electric power transmission systemsand/or controlling (i.e., regulating voltage) the transmis-sion of electricity from the generating source to distribu-tion centers or other electric utilities. The transmissionsystem includes lines and transformer stations.


4911 (pt) Electric services (electric powertransmission and control)

4931 (pt) Electric and other services combined(electric power transmission)

4939 (pt) Combination utilities nec (electric powertransmission)

2211211 ELECTRIC SERVICES (ELECTRIC POWERTRANSMISSION AND CONTROL)

Establishments primarily engaged in the transmissionof electric power from the generating source to the distri-bution centers. Included are establishments that controlthe transmission of electric power among electric utilities.

2211212 Electric and Other Services Combined(Electric Power Transmission and Control)

Establishments primarily engaged in providing electricpower transmission in combination with other services,with transmission being the major part though less than95 percent of the total.

2211213 Other Combination Utilities (ElectricPower Transmission and Control)

Establishments primarily engaged in providing combi-nations of services with electric power transmission pre-dominating.

221122 Electric Power Distribution

This U.S. industry comprises electric power establish-ments primarily engaged in (1) operating electric powerdistribution systems (i.e., consisting of lines, poles,

meters, and wiring) or (2) operating as electric power bro-kers or agents that arrange the sale of electricity viapower distribution systems operated by others.


4911 (pt) Electric services (electric powerdistribution)

4931 (pt) Electric and other services combined(electric power distribution)

4939 (pt) Combination utilities nec (electric powerdistribution)

2211221 Electric Services (Electric PowerDistribution)

Establishments engaged in the distribution of electricpower to the final consumer. Included are establishmentswhich both generate and distribute electricity.

2211222 Electric and Other Services Combined(Electric Power Distribution)

Establishments primarily engaged in providing electricpower distribution in combination with other services,with electric distribution being the major part though lessthan 95 percent of the total.

2211223 Other Combination Utilities (ElectricPower Distribution)

Establishments primarily engaged in providing combi-nations of services with electric power distribution pre-dominating.

2212 Natural Gas Distribution

This industry group comprises: (1) establishments pri-marily engaged in operating gas distribution systems(e.g., mains, meters); (2) establishments known as gasmarketers that buy gas from the well and sell it to a distri-bution system; (3) establishments known as gas brokersor agents that arrange the sale of gas over gas distributionsystems operated by others; and (4) establishments prima-rily engaged in transmitting and distributing gas to finalconsumers.


This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarilyengaged in operating gas distribution systems (e.g.,mains, meters); (2) establishments known as gas market-ers that buy gas from the well and sell it to a distributionsystem; (3) establishments known as gas brokers oragents that arrange the sale of gas over gas distributionsystems operated by others; and (4) establishments prima-rily engaged in transmitting and distributing gas to finalconsumers.




This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments prima-rily engaged in operating gas distribution systems (e.g.,mains, meters); (2) establishments known as gas market-ers that buy gas from the well and sell it to a distributionsystem; (3) establishments known as gas brokers oragents that arrange the sale of gas over gas distributionsystems operated by others; and (4) establishments prima-rily engaged in transmitting and distributing gas to finalconsumers.


4923 (pt) Natural gas transmission and distribution(distribution)

4924 Natural gas distribution

4925 Mixed, manufactured, or liquefiedpetroleum gas production and/ordistribution

4931 (pt) Electric and other services combined(natural gas distribution)

4932 Gas and other services combined (naturalgas distribution)

4939 (pt) Combination utilities, nec (natural gasdistribution)

2212101 Natural Gas Transmission andDistribution (Distribution)

Establishments primarily engaged in the distribution ofnatural gas to the final consumer through a system ofmains and secondarily providing gas transmission ser-vices.


Establishments primarily engaged in the distribution ofnatural gas to the final consumer through a system ofmains. Included are gas marketers or brokers who buynatural gas from producers and sell to final consumers.

2212103 Mixed, Manufactured, or LiquefiedPetroleum Gas Production and/or Distribution(Natural Gas Distribution)

Establishments primarily engaged in the manufactureand/or distribution of mixed, manufactured, or liquifiedpetroleum gas for sale, including mixtures of manufac-tured with natural gas.

2212104 Electric and Other Services Combined(Natural Gas Distribution)

Establishments primarily engaged in providing naturalgas distribution in combination with electric services, withgas distribution being the major part though less than 95percent of the total.

2212105 Gas and Other Services Combined(Natural Gas Distribution)

Establishments primarily engaged in providing naturalgas distribution in combination with other services, withgas distribution being the major part though less than 95percent of the total.

2212106 All Other Combination Utilities (NaturalGas Distribution)

Establishments primarily engaged in providing combi-nations of services with natural gas distribution predomi-nating.

2213 Water, Sewage and Other Systems

This NAICS industry group includes establishmentsclassified in the following NAICS industries: 22131, WaterSupply and Irrigation Systems; 22132, Sewage TreatmentFacilities; and 22133, Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply.

22131 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in operating water treatment plants and/or oper-ating water supply systems. The water supply system mayinclude pumping stations, aqueducts, and/or distributionmains. The water may be used for drinking, irrigation, orother uses.

221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in operating water treatment plants and/or oper-ating water supply systems. The water supply system mayinclude pumping stations, aqueducts, and/or distributionmains. The water may be used for drinking, irrigation, orother uses.


4941 Water supply

4971 Irrigation systems

2213101 Water Supply (Except Irrigation)

Establishments primarily engaged in distributing waterfor sale for domestic, commercial, and industrial use.

2213102 Irrigation Systems

Establishments primarily engaged in operating watersupply systems for the purpose of irrigation.

22132 Sewage Treatment Facilities

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in operating sewer systems or sewage treatmentfacilities that collect, treat, and dispose of waste.

B–4 APPENDIX B UTILITIES


221320 Sewage Treatment Facilities

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in operating sewer systems or sewage treatmentfacilities that collect, treat, and dispose of waste.

The data published with NAICS code 221320 are com-prised of this part of the following SIC industry:

4952 Sewage treatment facilities

22133 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply

This industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in providing steam, heated air, or cooled air. Thesteam distribution may be through mains.

221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarilyengaged in providing steam, heated air, or cooled air. Thesteam distribution may be through mains.

The data published with NAICS code 221330 are com-prised of this part of the following SIC industry:

4961 Steam and air-conditioning supply



Appendix C.Coverage and Methodology

MAIL/NONMAIL UNIVERSE

For this sector, large- and medium-size firms, plus allfirms known to operate more than one establishment,were sent questionnaires to be completed and returned tothe Census Bureau by mail. For most very small firms datafrom existing administrative records of other Federalagencies were used instead. These records provided basicinformation on location, kind of business, revenue, pay-roll, number of employees, and legal form of organization.

Firms in the 1997 Economic Census were divided intothe mail universe and nonmail universe. The coverage ofand the method of obtaining census information fromeach are described below:

1. The mail universe consisted of firms for which infor-mation was obtained by means of a mail canvass andincluded:

a. Large employers, i.e., all multiestablishment and allsingle-establishment employer firms with payrollabove a specified cutoff. The term ‘‘employers’’refers to firms with one or more paid employees atany time during 1997 as shown in the activeadministrative records of other Federal agencies.

b. A sample of small employers, i.e., single-establishment firms with payroll below a specifiedcutoff, in classifications for which specialized dataprecluded reliance solely on administrative recordssources.

2. The nonmail universe consisted of firms that were notrequired to file a regular census return and included:

a. Selected small employers, i.e., single-establishmentfirms with payroll below a specified cutoff.Although the payroll cutoff varied by kind of busi-ness, small employers in the nonmail universe gen-erally included firms with less than 10 employeesand represented about 10 percent of total revenueof establishments covered in the census. Data onrevenue, payroll, and employment for smallemployers in the nonmail universe were derived orestimated from administrative records of other Fed-eral agencies.

b. All nonemployers, i.e., all firms subject to Federalincome tax with no paid employees during 1997.Revenue information for these firms was obtained

from administrative records of other Federal agen-cies. Although consisting of many firms, nonem-ployers accounted for less than 10 percent of totalrevenue of all establishments covered in the cen-sus. The census included only those nonemployerfirms which reported a revenue volume of $1,000or more during 1997. Data for nonemployers arenot included in this report, but are released as partof the Core Business Statistics Series.

INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION OF ESTABLISHMENTS

The classifications for all establishments in this sectorwere assigned in accordance with the 1997 North Ameri-can Industry Classification System (NAICS) Manual, UnitedStates. NAICS is a common classification system devel-oped by the United States, Canada, and Mexico. This sys-tem replaces the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification(SIC) that was used in previous censuses. Appendix A ofthe 1997 NAICS manual provides information on the com-parability between the 1987 SIC and the 1997 NAICS.More information on NAICS is available in the NAICSmanual and at www.census.gov/naics.

The method of assigning classifications, and the levelof detail at which establishments were classified, differedbetween the mail and nonmail universe as follows:

1. The mail universe.

a. Establishments in the mail universe that returnedquestionnaires were classified on the basis of theirself-designation, sources of revenue, and otherindustry-specific inquiries.

b. Establishments in the mail universe that did notreturn questionnaires were classified on the basisof the most current census kind-of-business classi-fication available from one of the Census Bureau’scurrent sample surveys, the 1992 census, or theadministrative records of other Federal agencies.

2. The nonmail universe.

a. Employer establishments in the nonmail universewere classified on the basis of the most currentcensus kind-of-business classification availablefrom one of the Census Bureau’s current samplesurveys, the 1992 census, or the administrativerecords of other Federal agencies. If the census or

APPENDIX C C–1UTILITIES


administrative record classifications proved inad-equate (none corresponded to a 1997 census clas-sification in the detail required for employers), thefirm was sent a brief inquiry requesting informationnecessary to assign a 1997 census kind-of-businesscode.

b. Nonemployers were classified on the basis of infor-mation obtained from administrative records ofother Federal agencies.

RELIABILITY OF DATA

All data compiled for this sector are subject to nonsam-pling errors. Nonsampling errors can be attributed tomany sources: inability to identify all cases in the actualuniverse; definition and classification difficulties; differ-ences in the interpretation of questions; errors in record-ing or coding the data obtained; and other errors of collec-tion, response, coverage, processing, and estimation formissing or misreported data.

Data presented in the Miscellaneous Subjects and theSources of Revenue reports for this sector are subject tosampling errors as well as nonsampling errors. Specifi-cally, these data are estimated based on informationobtained from census questionnaires mailed to all largeemployers and to a sample of small employers in the uni-verse. Sampling errors affect these estimates insofar asthey may differ from results that would be obtained froma complete enumeration.

The accuracy of these tabulated data is determined bythe joint effects of the various nonsampling errors or bythe joint effects of sampling and nonsampling errors. Nodirect measurement of these effects has been obtainedexcept for estimation for missing or misreported data;however, precautionary steps were taken in all phases ofthe collection, processing, and tabulation of the data in aneffort to minimize the effects of nonsampling errors.

The Census Bureau obtains limited informationextracted from administrative records of other Federalagencies. This information is used in conjunction withother information available to the Census Bureau to

develop estimates for nonemployers, small employers,and other establishments for which responses were notreceived in time for publication.

TREATMENT OF NONRESPONSE

Census report forms included two different types ofinquiries, ‘‘basic’’ and ‘‘industry-specific.’’ Data for thebasic inquiries, which include location, kind of business oroperation, revenue, payroll, number of employees, andlegal form of organization, were available from a combina-tion of sources for all establishments. Data for industry-specific inquiries, tailored to the particular kinds of busi-ness or operation covered by the report, were availableonly from the establishments in the mail universe thatcompleted the appropriate inquiries on the questionnaire.

Two methods were used to account for nonresponse toindustry-specific inquiries. For some inquiries, missingdata were imputed for individual records based onresponses from similar establishments. For other inquiries,the total of reported data were expanded to represent themail and nonmail universe. Data for industry-specificinquiries based on a December 31 reference date wereexpanded in direct relationship to total annualized rev-enue of only those establishments in business at the endof the year. Unless otherwise noted in specific reports,data for other industry-specific inquiries were expanded indirect relationship to total revenue of all establishmentsincluded in the category. In a few cases, expansion on thebasis of the revenue item was not appropriate, andanother basic data item was used as the basis for expan-sion.

All reports in which data were expanded to account fornonmail employers and nonrespondents include a cover-age indicator for each publication category, which showsthe revenue of establishments responding to the inquiryas a percent of total revenue for all establishments forwhich data are shown. Coverage is usually determined bythe ratio of total revenue of establishments responding tothe inquiry to total revenue of all establishments in thecategory.

C–2 APPENDIX C UTILITIES


Appendix D.Geographic Notes

Not applicable for this report.

APPENDIX D D–11997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


Appendix E.Metropolitan Areas

OHIO

Akron, OH PMSA

Portage County, OH

Summit County, OH

Canton—Massillon, OH MSA

Carroll County, OH

Stark County, OH

Cincinnati, OH—KY—IN PMSA

Dearborn County, IN

Ohio County, IN

Boone County, KY

Campbell County, KY

Gallatin County, KY

Grant County, KY

Kenton County, KY

Pendleton County, KY

Brown County, OH

Clermont County, OH

Hamilton County, OH

Warren County, OH

Cincinnati—Hamilton, OH—KY—IN CMSA

Cincinnati, OH—KY—IN PMSA

Dearborn County, IN

Ohio County, IN

Boone County, KY

Campbell County, KY

Gallatin County, KY

Grant County, KY

Kenton County, KY

Pendleton County, KY

Brown County, OH

Clermont County, OH

Cincinnati—Hamilton, OH—KY—IN CMSA—Con.

Cincinnati, OH—KY—IN PMSA—Con.

Hamilton County, OH

Warren County, OH

Hamilton—Middletown, OH PMSA

Butler County, OH

Cleveland—Lorain—Elyria, OH PMSA

Ashtabula County, OH

Cuyahoga County, OH

Geauga County, OH

Lake County, OH

Lorain County, OH

Medina County, OH

Cleveland—Akron, OH CMSA

Akron, OH PMSA

Portage County, OH

Summit County, OH

Cleveland—Lorain—Elyria, OH PMSA

Ashtabula County, OH

Cuyahoga County, OH

Geauga County, OH

Lake County, OH

Lorain County, OH

Medina County, OH

Columbus, OH MSA

Delaware County, OH

Fairfield County, OH

Franklin County, OH

Licking County, OH

Madison County, OH

Pickaway County, OH

APPENDIX E E–11997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


Dayton—Springfield, OH MSA

Clark County, OH

Greene County, OH

Miami County, OH

Montgomery County, OH

Hamilton—Middletown, OH PMSA

Butler County, OH

Huntington—Ashland, WV—KY—OH MSA

Boyd County, KY

Carter County, KY

Greenup County, KY

Lawrence County, OH

Cabell County, WV

Wayne County, WV

Lima, OH MSA

Allen County, OH

Auglaize County, OH

Mansfield, OH MSA

Crawford County, OH

Richland County, OH

Parkersburg—Marietta, WV—OH MSA

Washington County, OH

Wood County, WV

Steubenville—Weirton, OH—WV MSA

Jefferson County, OH

Brooke County, WV

Hancock County, WV

Toledo, OH MSA

Fulton County, OH

Lucas County, OH

Wood County, OH

Wheeling, WV—OH MSA

Belmont County, OH

Marshall County, WV

Ohio County, WV

Youngstown—Warren, OH MSA

Columbiana County, OH

Mahoning County, OH

Trumbull County, OH

E–2 APPENDIX E 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


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