Utility Asset Work 2 0 1 9 · Flakiness Index Organic Impurities other than Sugar Method of...

Macka’s Screened Sand for

U t i l i t y A s s e t W o r k

2 0 1 9

Specification Compliance with: R11, AS3725, WSA PS-350, WSA

PS-360, STS101

R11 AS3725 WSA PS - 350 WSA PS - 360 (Project Specified)

Hunter Water

Corporation STS

101

Stormwater Drainage

Design for Installation

of Buried Concrete

Pipes

Compaction Sand for

Pipe Embedment

Embedment /

Concrete SandElectrical Trench Sand

Construction & Pipe

Bedding Materials

Bed & Haunch Bed & Haunch Grade B Sand

Uncompacted Bulk Density t/m3 AS1141.4 1.51

Compacted Bulk Density t/m3 AS1141.4 1.58

Particle Density (SSD) t/m3 AS1141.5 2.62 >= 2.1

Particle Density (Dry) t/m3 AS1141.5 2.61 >= 2.1

Water Absorption % AS1141.5 0.6 <= 3

% Finer Than 2.36 mm % AS1289.3.6.1 100 50 to 100

% Finer Than 1.18 mm % AS1289.3.6.1 100

% Finer Than 0.600 mm % AS1289.3.6.1 100 20 to 90

% Finer Than 0.425 mm % AS1289.3.6.1 89

% Finer Than 0.300mm % AS1289.3.6.1 38 10 to 60



% Finer Than 2.36 mm % AS1141.11.1 / T201 100 50 to 100 90-100 60-100 100

% Finer Than 1.18 mm % AS1141.11.1 / T201 100 - 85-100 30-100

% Finer Than 0.600 mm % AS1141.11.1 / T201 100 20 to 90 70-100 15-100 90-100

% Finer Than 0.425 mm % AS1141.11.1 / T201 89 -

% Finer Than 0.300mm % AS1141.11.1 / T201 38 10 to 60 50-100 5-50

% Finer Than 0.150mm % AS1141.11.1 / T201 0 0 to 25 0-40 0-15 0-20

% Finer Than 0.075mm % AS1141.11.1 / T201 0 0 to 10 0-5 0-5 0-5

% Finer Than 0.075mm % AS1141.12 / T201 0 0-5 <= 10 0-5

% Finer Than 0.002mm % AS1141.13 N/A <= 1

Sodium Sulphate Soundness % AS1141.24 0.2

Light Particles % AS1141.31 0 < = 1

Clay & Fine Silt % AS1141.33 3

Organic Impurities AS1141.34 PASS

Organic Matter Content % AS1289.4.1.1 <0.1

Sugar AS1141.35 Absent

Methylene Blue Adsorption Value (MBV) g/mg T659 1.0

MBV75 Value - Calculated 0

Acid Insoluble Residue % Tex-612-J 100

Micro-Deval Loss % ASTM D7428 3.6

Flow Cone Time s T279 19.8

Chlorides % AS1012.20 0.001

Sulfates % AS1012.20 0.011

Alkali Aggregate Reactivity T363 (Comparable to AS1141.60.1) REPORT

Petrographic Analysis ASTM C295 REPORT < 3% Mica

Moisture % T120 3

Linear Shrinkage % AS1289.3.4.1 0 max 10

Plasticity Index % T109, AS1289.3.3.1 NP max 6 <6

Salinity mS/cm APHA 2510B 0.033 < 0.4 mS / cm

pH Value pH AS1289.4.3.1 6.4 Range 5 - 9 Range 5 - 9 > 5.5

Note: In accordance with RTA R11 and AS/NZS 3725 Section 9.2.3.2, the grading result indicates aggregate is just outside the limits for the 0.60mm sieve. This will need to be confirmed with the

superintendant before approval for use. AS3725 clause 9.2.2.2 provides, " Select fill with the fraction passing the 0.6mm sieve not conforming to the above limits may be used in the bed & haunch

zones provided that - a) it can be demonstrated that the required degree of compaction can be attained in the field and the reduction to the bedding factor given in Clause 9.3.2 is applied; or b) it is

cement stabilized." The sand is slightly out on the 0.300mm sieve in the WSA – 350 & likewise would need acknowledgement & approval by the projects superintendent before use.

Macka's Sand - Screened Sand Williamtown Site 218 - Annual Testing Results Summary for 2019 -

Aggregate for Utility Assets Specification Compliance

Specification

Units Test Method ResultProperty

Particle Size Distribution:

Acid Soluble Salts:

Client : Macka's Sand & Soil Supplies Report Number:

Address : 2684 Nelson Bay Rd, Salt Ash, NSW Report Date :

Project Name : ITP: FA6.1.004-Screened Sand (NMACWS) Order Number :

Project Number : P961 Test Method :

Location: Williamtown Quarry - Site 218 , Williamtown, NSW

Sample Number : Sampling Method :

Date Sampled : Material Source :

Date Tested : Material Type :

Sampled By : Remarks

SAMPLE LOCATION:

Lot Number : Test Number : Specification Number :

<1mm

100 Material Finer than 75µm AS1141.12 0 Report

75 Density & Water Absorption (Coarse)

63 Apparent Particle Density t/m3

53 Particle Density (on a dry basis) t/m3

37.5 Particle Density (on a SSD basis) t/m3

26.5 Water Absorption %

19.0 Density & Water Absorption (Fine)

16.0 Apparent Particle Density t/m3

13.2 Particle Density (on a dry basis) t/m3



4.75 Bulk Density (Loose) t/m3

2.36 Bulk Density (Compacted) t/m3

1.18 100-100 Moisture Condition of Aggregate

0.600 85-100 Particle Shape % Total Mishappen 2:1

0.425 70-100 Flat %

0.300 30-50 Elongated %

0.150 0-5 Flat and Elongated %


Flat %

Elongated %

Flat and Elongated %

Wet / Dry Strength Variation

Wet Strength kN

Dry Strength kN

Wet / Dry Strength Variation %

Size Fraction of Test portion

Breakdown

Size of Test Cylinder Used mm

Average Least Dimension mm

Weak Particles %

Flakiness Index

Organic Impurities other than Sugar

Method of Determination

99

100

0

1

Nominal Size of Aggregate

Nature of Bulk Sample

RF5.1-9

Accredited for compliance with ISO/IEC 17025. The results of the tests,

calibrations and/or measurements included in this document are traceable to

Australian/national standards.

APPROVED SIGNATORY

NATA Accreditation Number

Grant Burgess - Senior Technician

14975

Document Code

34

89

Aggregate Report for Engineering Purposes

Specification

LimitsResult

2000 Tonne Stockpile , , ,

Specification Limits Test MethodAS Sieve Size

(mm)

Sieve Analysis

Percent Passing

AS1141.3.1 (8.4.3)

Macka's - Williamtown - Site 218

Screened Fine Dune Sand

P961 - 651/1

25/01/2019

AS1141.11.1 (Washed)

S19-110

Page 1 of 5

AS2758.1, T230, R82, R83, B80

(Holcim)

17/01/2019

23/01/2019

Grant Burgess

M287 1










SAMPLE LOCATION:


<1mm
















0.425 70-100 Flat %

0.300 30-50 Elongated %



Flat %

Elongated %



Wet Strength kN

Dry Strength kN



Breakdown



Weak Particles %

Flakiness Index



Document Code RF5.1-9

33

0

0




APPROVED SIGNATORY



14975

89

100

100

99

Specification

LimitsNature of Bulk SampleTest Method Result

AS Sieve Size

(mm)

Sieve Analysis

Percent PassingSpecification Limits


Grant Burgess


M287 2AS2758.1, T230, R82, R83, B80

(Holcim)

S19-111 AS1141.3.1 (8.4.3)

17/01/2019 Macka's - Williamtown - Site 218

23/01/2019 Screened Fine Dune Sand

Page 2 of 5


P961 - 651/1

25/01/2019











SAMPLE LOCATION:


<1mm
















0.425 70-100 Flat %

0.300 30-50 Elongated %



Flat %

Elongated %



Wet Strength kN

Dry Strength kN



Breakdown



Weak Particles %

Flakiness Index




31

1

1




APPROVED SIGNATORY



14975

87

100

100

99

Specification


AS Sieve Size

(mm)

Sieve Analysis



Grant Burgess


M287 3AS2758.1, T230, R82, R83, B80

(Holcim)

S19-112 AS1141.3.1 (8.4.3)



Page 3 of 5


P961 - 651/1

25/01/2019











SAMPLE LOCATION:


<1mm
















0.425 70-100 Flat %

0.300 30-50 Elongated %



Flat %

Elongated %



Wet Strength kN

Dry Strength kN



Breakdown



Weak Particles %

Flakiness Index




34

1

1




APPROVED SIGNATORY



14975

89

100

99

Specification


AS Sieve Size

(mm)

Sieve Analysis



Grant Burgess


M287 4AS2758.1, T230, R82, R83, B80

(Holcim)

S19-113 AS1141.3.1 (8.4.3)



Page 4 of 5


P961 - 651/1

25/01/2019











SAMPLE LOCATION:


<1mm
















0.425 70-100 Flat %

0.300 30-50 Elongated %



Flat %

Elongated %



Wet Strength kN

Dry Strength kN



Breakdown



Weak Particles %

Flakiness Index




31

0

0




APPROVED SIGNATORY



14975

89

100

100

99

Specification


AS Sieve Size

(mm)

Sieve Analysis



Grant Burgess


M287 5AS2758.1, T230, R82, R83, B80

(Holcim)

S19-114 AS1141.3.1 (8.4.3)



Page 5 of 5


P961 - 651/1

25/01/2019


Client : Macka's Sand & Soil Supplies Report Number: P961 - 672/1

Address : 2684 Nelson Bay Rd, Salt Ash, NSW Report Date : 12/02/2019


Project Number : P961 Test Method : AS1141.4


Sample Number : S19-111

Test Number : 2

Sampling Method : AS1141.3.1 (8.4.3)

Date Sampled : 17/01/2019

Date Tested : 6/02/2019

Material Type : Screened Fine Dune Sand

Material Source : Macka's - Williamtown - Site 218

Lot Number : M287

Sample Location : 2000 Tonne Stockpile

Loose Unit Mass (t/m³) : 1.51

Compacted Unit Mass (t/m³) : 1.58

Remarks :

Document Code RF171-8

Accredited for compliance with ISO/IEC 17025. The results of the

tests, calibrations and/or measurements included in this

document are traceable to Australian/national standards.

Bulk Density of Aggregate Report

APPROVED SIGNATORY


14975

Page 1 of 1








Test Number : 2






Lot Number : M287


Water Absorption (%) : 0.6

Particle Density DRY (t/m³) : 2.61

Particle Density SSD (t/m³) : 2.62

Apparent Particle Density (t/m³) : 2.64

Remarks :


Accredited for compliance with ISO/IEC 17025. The results of

the tests, calibrations and/or measurements included in this


Particle Density and Water Absorption Report

APPROVED SIGNATORY


14975

Page 1 of 1








Test Number : 2






Lot Number : M287


Percent Loss 53.0 to 37.5mm: -









Percent Loss 0.60 to 0.30mm: 0.2

Sodium Sulphate Soundness (%) : 0.2

Remarks :

Document Code RFO165-8

Accredited for compliance with ISO/IEC 17025. The results of

the tests, calibrations and/or measurements included in this


Sodium Sulphate Soundness Report

APPROVED SIGNATORY


14975

Page 1 of 1


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The linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the

correct file and location.

Client: Macka's Sand & Soil Supplies Project No: P961

Principle: - Report No: P961-(S19-111)-LP

Project: Materials Testing Sample No: S19-111

Location: Williamtown Sample Date: 17/01/2019

Material Source: Williamtown Quarry - Site 218

Stockpile M287

Material Description: Natural fine dune SAND

Nominal Size (mm): < 1mm

Light Particles (%) = 0

Authorised Signatory:

Grant Burgess

Senior Technician

Date: 12/02/2019

Test Method AS1141.31

Sample Detail

Result

Light Particles

This document is issued in accordance with

NATA Accreditation Requirements.

Accreditated for compliance with ISO/IEC

17025.

NATA Accredited Laboratory # 14975.

V:\DATA\Controlled Documents\_Reports\RS - 46 Light Particles AS issue 2 01.02.13







Test Number : 2




Lot Number : M287




Clay and Fine Silt (%) : 3

Remarks :





Clay and Fine Silt Report Report

APPROVED SIGNATORY


14975

Page 1 of 1


-







Test Number : 2






Lot Number : M287


Colour Assessment Method : Visual

Test Outcome : PASS

Remarks :





Organic Impurities Report

APPROVED SIGNATORY


14975

Page 1 of 1


Client: Project No: P961

Principle: Report No: P961-(S19-111)-S

Project: Sample No: S19-111

Location: Date: 24/01/2019

Date Sampled: 17/01/2019

Sample Description: Screened fine dune SAND


Client reference: Stockpile M287, Sub-lot 2

Fraction Tested: As Received

Presence of Sugar in Aggregate Detected (Yes/No): No

Remarks:


Date:

Test Method AS1141.35

Result

Sample Detail


30/01/2019

Accredited for compliance with ISO/IEC

17025. The results of the tests,

calibrations and/or measurements

included in this document are traceable

to Australian/National Standards. NATA

accreditation Number: 14975

Sugar in AggregatesMacka's Sand & Soil Supplies

-

Materials Testing

Williamtown

V:\DATA\Controlled Documents\_Reports\RS - 30 Sugar in Aggregates AS_issue 3 300613

Client: Macka's Sand & Soil Supplies Project No: P961

Principle: - Report No: P961-(S19-111)-MB

Project: Materials Testing Sample No: S19-111

Location: Date Sampled:

Material Description: Screened Fine Dune SAND


Stockpile No: Lot M287 Sub-Lot 2

Batch / Mix No: -

For use as: Fine Aggregate

Methylene Blue Adsorption Value Result 1 (mg/g)= 1

Methylene Blue Adsorption Value Result 2 (mg/g)= 1

Average Methylene Blue Adsorption Value (mg/g)= 1

Note: (mg/g) refers to milligrams of dye per grams of test portion)

Remarks:


Grant Burgess

Senior Technician

Date: 13/02/2019

Accredited for compliance with

ISO/IEC 17025. The results of the

tests, calibrations and/or

measurements included in this

document are traceable to


NATA accredited laboratory

number: 14975

Methylene Blue Adsorption Value

Williamtown Quarry - Site 218 17/01/2019

Test Method - RMS -T659

Result

Sample Detail

V:\DATA\Controlled Documents\_Reports\RS - 48 Methylene Blue Adsorption Value RMS T659_issue 2 021215




Project Number : P961 Test Method : AS1289.2.1.1



Test Number : 2






Lot Number : M287


Oven Temperature (°C) : 105-110

Soil Description : Screened Fine Dune Sand

Moisture Content (%) : 3

Remarks :





Moisture Content Report

APPROVED SIGNATORY


14975

Page 1 of 1





Project Number : P961 Test Method : AS1289.3.1.1,3.2.1,3.3.1,3.4.1



Test Number : 2



Sampled By : Grant Burgess





Lot Number : M287

Moisture Method : AS1289.2.1.1

Sample History : Oven Dried

Sample Preparation : Dry

Notes :

Mould Length (mm) :

Liquid Limit (%) : Not Obtainable

Plastic Limit (%) : Not Obtainable

Plasticity Index (%) : NP (Non Plastic)

Linear Shrinkage (%) : Not Obtainable

Specification Number :

Liquid Limit - Max :

Plasticity Index - Max :

Linear Shrinkage - Max :

Remarks :





Atterberg Limits Report

APPROVED SIGNATORY


14975

Page 1 of 1

NATA Accreditation Number :

SPECIFICATION DETAILS

-

Client: Project No: P961

Principle: Report No: P961-(S19-111)-CON

Project: Sample No: S19-111

Location: Date: 04/02/2019

Date Sampled: 17/01/2019

Sample Description: Screened fine dune SAND


Client reference: Stockpile M287

Fraction Tested: -2.36 mm

33 µS/cm

25 °C

Remarks:


Date:

ConductivityMacka's Sand & Soil Supplies

-

Annual Testing

Williamtown - Site 218

Test Method: APHA 2510B with AS1289.4.3.1 Clause 5 (Preperation)

Result

Sample Detail


04/02/2019

Accredited for compliance with ISO/IEC

17025. The results of the tests,

calibrations and/or measurements

included in this document are traceable

to Australian/National Standards. NATA

accreditation Number: 14975

Conductivity at 25°C (Temperature Compensated):

Temperature of Sample:

V:\DATA\Controlled Documents\_Reports\RS - 66 Conductivity_Issue 1 160117




Project Number : P961 Test Method : AS1289.4.3.1



Test Number : 2






Lot Number : M287


pH Value : 6.4

Remarks :





pH Value Report

APPROVED SIGNATORY


14975

Page 1 of 1


-

Wollongong Laboratory 1/140 Industrial Rd Oak flats

Phone: +61 2 42574458Email/Fax: +61 2 42574458

Client: Report No:Address: Project No:Project: Request No:

Sample No: Client's ID:

Material Description: Material Source:

Cement Type: Cement Source:

Material Sampling Method: Date / Time Sampled:

Test Method: RMS T363

Bar 1 Bar 2 Bar 309/02/19 1 0.000 -0.000 0.000 0.00011/02/19 3 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.00415/02/19 7 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.01818/02/19 10 0.040 0.035 0.040 0.03922/02/19 14 0.080 0.075 0.075 0.07701/03/19 21 0.155 0.160 0.150 0.155

Water/Cement Ratio: 0.41Flow (%) 9.00

Accrediation Number: 1318Corporate Site Number: 10848

Name:Function:Date:

SF184 9/10/2018

Report for

17/01/2019

Holcim

Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Aggregates Accelerated Mortar Bar Method

Valley Civilab T4846S20667-040319Unit 3/62 Sandringham Avenue, Thornton NSW 10848/P/414

Macka's Sand Williamtown Site 218

S19-111 Lot M287

Material Testing 10848/T/4846

10848/S/20667


100% Gladstone GP

Tested as received

04-Mar-19

Page 1 of 1

Test Date

Remarks: Results apply to the sample as received

Tim MathieAuthorised Signatory

Expansion (%)Age (Days) Average

The results of the tests, calibrations and/or measurements included in this document are traceable to Australian/national standards.Accredited for compliance with ISO/IEC 17025 - Testing

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Expa

nsio

n (%

)

Age (Days)

Expansion V's Age


Phone: +61 2 42574458Email/Fax: +61 2 42574458







Bar 1 Bar 2 Bar 309/02/19 1 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.00711/02/19 3 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.00915/02/19 7 0.020 0.025 0.020 0.02118/02/19 10 0.045 0.050 0.045 0.04722/02/19 14 0.090 0.095 0.085 0.08901/03/19 21 0.170 0.190 0.170 0.176



Name:Function:Date:

SF184 9/10/2018

Tested as received

04-Mar-19

Page 1 of 1

Test Date





10848/S/20666


Port Kembla GP


S19-111 Lot M287

Report for

17/01/2019

Holcim




0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.20

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Expa

nsio

n (%

)

Age (Days)

Expansion V's Age


Phone: +61 2 42574458Email/Fax: +61 2 42574458







Bar 1 Bar 2 Bar 309/02/19 1 0.000 -0.000 -0.005 -0.00111/02/19 3 0.000 -0.000 0.000 0.00115/02/19 7 -0.000 -0.000 0.000 -0.00018/02/19 10 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.00522/02/19 14 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.01101/03/19 21 0.030 0.025 0.025 0.026



Name:Function:Date:

SF184 9/10/2018

Report for

17/01/2019

Holcim




S19-111 Lot M287


10848/S/20669


85% Gladstone GP 15% Eraring Flyash

Tested as received

04-Mar-19

Page 1 of 1

Test Date





-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Expa

nsio

n (%

)

Age (Days)

Expansion V's Age


Phone: +61 2 42574458Email/Fax: +61 2 42574458







Bar 1 Bar 2 Bar 309/02/19 1 0.000 0.000 -0.000 -0.00011/02/19 3 0.000 -0.000 0.000 -0.00015/02/19 7 0.000 0.000 -0.010 -0.00318/02/19 10 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.00522/02/19 14 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.01201/03/19 21 0.025 0.020 0.030 0.025



Name:Function:Date:

SF184 9/10/2018

Tested as received

04-Mar-19

Page 1 of 1

Test Date





10848/S/20668


85% Port Kembla GP 15% Eraring Flyash


S19-111 Lot M287

Report for

19/01/2019

Holcim




-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Expa

nsio

n (%

)

Age (Days)

Expansion V's Age

FEBRUARY, 2019 Vc190202 1 of 5 The material contained within this report may not be quoted other than in full. Extracts may be used only with

expressed prior written approval of Geochempet Services.

Geochempet Services ABN 980 6945 3445

PETROLOGICAL and GEOCHEMICAL CONSULTANTS

Principals: K.E. Spring B.Sc. (Hons), MAppSc and H.M. Spring B.Sc.

5/14 Redcliffe Gardens Drive

Clontarf, QLD 4019

Telephone: (07) 3284 0020

Email: [email protected] www.geochempet.com

PETROGRAPHIC REPORT

ON A SCREENED FINE DUNE SAND SAMPLE (S19-111)

FROM MACKA’S SAND

prepared for

VALLEY CIVILAB

THORNTON, NSW

Purchase Order: VC: 03550

Invoice Number: 00008592

Client Ref: Grant Burgess

Issued by Reviewed by

C. A. Bruggemann K. E. Spring

BAppSc, MEngSC, MIEAust BSc (Hons), MAppSc

14 February 2019 14 February 2019

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.geochempet.com/

GEOCHEMPET SERVICES, BRISBANE



Sample Label: S19-111 Date Sampled: 17/01/2019

Product Type: Screened Fine Dune Sand Date Received: 29/01/2019

Sample Location: Williamtown Site 218 Job No: P961

– Stockpile M287, Sublot 2

Source: Macka’s Sand

Work Requested: Petrographic analysis in relation to use as concrete sand; petrographic

assessment of potential for alkali-silica reactivity

Methods Account taken of ASTM C295 Standard Guide for Petrographic

Assessment of Aggregates for Concrete, the AS2758.1 – 2014 Aggregates

and rock for engineering purposes part 1; Concrete aggregates

(Appendix B), the AS1141 Standard Guide for the Method for sampling

and testing aggregates, of the content of the 2015 joint publication of the

Cement and Concrete Association of Australia and Standards Australia,

(HB 79-2015) entitled Alkali Aggregate Reaction - Guidelines on

Minimising the Risk of Damage to Concrete Structures in Australia,

Identification Medium to fine quartz sand

Description

The sample consisted of about 500 g of light brown, quartz-rich, free flowing clean sand. Clasts

are mainly sub-rounded.

Plate 1: A sub sample of supplied screened fine dune sand.




In a crude, dry sieving test of a small subsample these results were tabulated;

Sieve Size Wt % of sample

Coarse (>1.18mm) 0.0%

Medium (>0.3mm) 81.4%

Fine (>0.075mm) 18.6%

Silt (<0.075mm) <0.1%

No coarse fraction was observed. A trace of plant material was also noted in the medium

fraction. The sand consists largely of small sub-rounded to rounded quartz grains. There are no

apparent deleterious grain coatings.

A sub-sample was swirled in water, settling very quickly, producing a very slight turbidity which

also cleared rapidly, indicating the presence of traces of clay and silt.

Plate 2: Sieved splits of the sand sample. Note the traces of plant matter in medium fraction.




A thin section was prepared for microscopic examination in transmitted polarized light. A count

of 100 widely spaced points falling within sectioned sand clasts gave the following composition:

75% quartz as single, free, unstrained to mildly strained grains (68%) or as

simple composite crystalline aggregates of quartz grains (7%)

17% quartz as moderately strained simple or crystalline composite grains

3% quartzite (moderately strained)

1% vein quartz (highly strained)

2% feldspar (plagioclase and K-feldspar)

<1% other mineral grains (including zircon, rutile, epidote and tourmaline)

<1% lithic clasts of micro-granite

1% lithic clasts of acid volcanic

<1% lithic clasts of intermediate volcanic

1% lithic clasts of meta-arenite

<1% secondary iron

A simultaneous count of total free silica content yielded 96%, comprising mostly free quartz

grains, and 4% simple quartz locked within rock fragments (vein quartz and other lithic clasts).

In thin section the sand is seen to consist largely of quartz in the form of unstrained to mildly

strained free quartz grains (68%) and less abundant rounded clasts of simple crystalline

composites (7%) of two or more unstrained to mildly strained quartz grains. Simple or

polycrystalline grains of moderately strained quartz amount to about 17%. Other siliceous clasts

include 3% quartzite and 1% vein quartz (consisting of moderately to highly-strained quartz).

About 2% feldspar fragments were noted.

Less than 1% of the sand consists of other mineral grains (including heavy minerals of

tourmaline, rutile, epidote and zircon).

Around 1% of acid volcanic fragments and 1% meta-arenite were noted in the sample with <1%

lithic fragments of intermediate volcanic and microgranite fragments. The quartz grains and

lithic clasts are observed to carry secondary iron within internal fractures and in indents.

Comments and Interpretations

The submitted screened fine dune sand sample (labelled S19-111) from Williamtown Site 218,

Macka’s Sand may be regarded as clean, free flowing, medium to fine quartz sand, and is fairly

narrowly graded.

The total free silica content (or total quartz content) is 96%, comprising 92% as free quartz

grains, and 4% simple quartz locked within rock fragments (vein quartz and other lithic clasts).

Being composed almost entirely of hard, strong, durable, rounded siliceous mineral grains and

lithic clasts, the sand is interpreted to be physically suitable for use in concrete.




In relation to potential for alkali-silica reactivity in concrete it is noted that the sand carries

about 20% of moderately strained quartz (as free grains and crystalline composite grains and

in quartzite), 1% of moderately to high strained quartz (within vein quartz) and <1% of finely

microcrystalline quartz (within clasts of acid volcanic/tuffaceous rock). Thus, the sand as a

whole is predicted to have potential for mild and/or slow deleterious alkali-silica

reactivity in concrete. Accordingly, it is recommended that appropriate precautions be taken

in mix and engineering design.

Guidance on appropriate precautions can be obtained from the 2015 joint publication of the

Cement and Concrete Association of Australia and Standards Australia, entitled Alkali

Aggregate Reaction - Guidelines on Minimising the Risk of Damage to Concrete Structures in

Australia.

The supplied sand sample is predicted to be suitable for use as fine concrete sand provided that

appropriate precautions are taken in mix and engineering design to deal with its perceived

potential for deleterious alkali-silica reactivity when used under conditions which might promote

such reaction.

Free Silica Content

The free silica content is 96%.

Plate 3: Micrograph taken at low magnification, cross polarised, transmitted light image of

common quartz sand grains with various straining, along with some lithic fragments of acid

volcanics.




Date post:	24-Mar-2020
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