Utility Partner Data Report Project Title: Studying Distribution System Hydraulics and Flow Dynamics to Improve Water Utility Operational Decision Making Water Distribution System: Nicholasville, Kentucky Project No.: 02-10-UK Grant No.: HSHQDC-07-3-00005 Organization: University of Kentucky Principal Investigator: Lindell Ormsbee _______________________ _____________ Signature Date Field Support L. Sebastian Bryson _______________________ _____________ Signature Date City of Nicholasville Water Tom Calkins Water Utility Director _______________________ _____________ Signature Date
Transcript
Utility Partner Data Report
Project Title: Studying Distribution System Hydraulics and Flow Dynamics to Improve
Water Utility Operational Decision Making
Water Distribution System: Nicholasville, Kentucky
Table 2. Pump Information ................................................................................................. 7 Table 3. Nicholasville Tank Information ............................................................................ 9 Table 4. Summarized Water Quality Report....................................................................... 9 Table 5. Customer Base for Nicholasville ........................................................................ 10 Table 6. Wholesale Purchasers of Nicholasville Water .................................................... 10
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Nicholasville Location Map ................................................................................ 1 Figure 2. Schematic of Nicholasville Water Distribution System ...................................... 3 Figure 3. Aerial View of Water Treatment Plant ................................................................ 5 Figure 4. Nicholasville Average Day Water Production .................................................... 8 Figure 5. Nicholasville Maximum Day Water Production ................................................. 8
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The City of Nicholasville is located southwest of the City of Lexington in Jessamine
County, Kentucky. The population was 28,015 for the 2010 census making it the 12th
largest city in the state. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the City has a total area of
8.5 square miles which is serviced by the Nicholasville Water Treatment plant. In the
census of 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $37,462, and the
median income for a family was $42,978. The majority of the racial makeup of the city
was 91.5% white, 4.3% African American, 0.5% Asian. Figure 1 below displays a
location map of the Nicholasville area.
Figure 1. Nicholasville Location Map
_̂ Richmond
Frankfort
Lexington
Louisville
Bowling Green
Nicholasville
0 75 15037.5 MilesÜ
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2.0 KEY PERSONNEL
The water distribution system is provided by Nicholasville Utilities. Nicholasville
Utilities also provides electric and sewer services within and adjacent to the city.
Mr. Tom Calkins
Public Utilities Director
Nicholasville Water Department
517 North Main Street
Nicholasville, Kentucky 40356
(859) 885-9473
Mr. Danny Johnson
Water Distribution Superintendent
Nicholasville Water Department
517 North Main Street
Nicholasville, Kentucky 40356
(859) 885-9473
Mr. Jim McDaniel
Nicholasville WTP Shift 1 Operator
595 Water Works Road
Nicholasville Water Department
Nicholasville, KY 40356-9690
(859) 885-6974
Mr. Kevin Baker
Nicholasville Fire Chief
1022 South Main Street
Nicholasville, KY 40356
(859) 885-5505
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3.0 MAJOR COMPONENTS
The Nicholasville water distribution system consists of an intake pumping facility, a
water treatment plant, a high service pumping facility, and transmission and distribution
systems. The treatment plant serves approximately 13,000 retail customers and two
wholesale customers. The treated water transmission and distribution system consists of a
grid of mains ranging from 2 to 24 inches in diameter and has a total elevated storage of 3
million gallons (3 Tanks). The topography of the area varies from a maximum elevation
of ~1042 feet to a minimum elevation of ~560 feet. Despite the changes in elevation, the
Nicholasville system consists of only one pressure zone (Nicholasville, 2009-2011).
3.1 Distribution Piping
The City of Nicholasville’s water distribution system is comprised of pipe sizes up to 24-
inches in diameter. The transmission mains from the water plant to town consists of two
10-inch lines for the entire route and a 16-inch line installed approximately 2/3 of the
distance from the water plant to town. The 16-inch line becomes a 24 inch line which
continues directly into town. In town distribution consists of 4 through 12 inch water
mains. The majority of the system is looped with a combination of 10, 12 and 20 inch
pipes. Figure 2 shows the layout of the Nicholasville Water Distribution System.
Figure 2. Schematic of Nicholasville Water Distribution System
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There are pipes of several different materials installed within the system. Table 1 below
displays the material, the different size diameters and the total length of each material.
The ages of the pipes typically range anywhere from 55 years old to less than 5 years old.
There are ductile and cast iron pipes that are 55+ years old. Generally the asbestos
cement pipes are around 40 years old. PVC pipes and ductile iron pipes tend to be newer
than the cast iron and asbestos cement pipes.
Table 1. Pipe Materials
3.2 Water Treatment Plant
3.2.1 History
The Nicholasville Water Treatment Plant was originally constructed as a .75 MGD
facility in 1954. The original plant consisted of a river intake pumping station, chemical
mix facilities, flocculation/settling basin, filtration, finished water storage and pumping.
In 1967, the plant was expanded to 1.5 MGD with the addition of a second intake
pumping station and raw water main along with an additional flocculation/settling basin,
two additional filters, and a second finished water storage tank.
In 1975 the plant underwent a "high rate" expansion, which increased treatment capacity
to 3.6 MGD. This project included intake pumping improvements, the addition of "tube
settlers" to existing settling basins, high rate expansion of existing filters with the
addition of dual media (anthracite and sand), and construction of a third finished water
storage tank.
Continued growth of Nicholasville and Jessamine County resulted in the 1990-1992
expansion of the plant to a capacity of 6.0 MGD. The expansion addressed concerns
about the adequacy of the existing intake pumping stations during low river pool levels,
which were experienced during the 1988 drought. The plant expansion included a new
river intake pumping station (with deeper intakes), a new 24-inch raw water transmission
main, new chemical feed facilities and a chemical mix basin, additional flocculation
basins, additional settling basins, two additional filters, a new treated water storage tank,
new high service and backwash pumping station, new sludge lagoons, and an upgrade of
Material Diameters (in)
Total
Length of
Pipe (ft)
Percent of
Total Length
(%)Asbestos Cement 4,6,8,10 218513 25.3
Cast Iron 4,6,8,10,12 151735 17.6
Ductile Iron 6,10,12,16,20,24 98527 11.4
PVC 2,3,4,6,8,10,12 207608 24.0
Polyethylene 1,2,6,8 34159 4.0
Galvanized 1,2 153141 17.7
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the computer plant instrumentation system for the monitoring and control of treatment
plant operations. In 2009, the capacity of the system was increased to 9.0 MGD.
In 1993, at the annual convention of the Kentucky/Tennessee chapter of the American
Water Works Association, the Nicholasville Water Treatment Plant was presented the
"Award for Excellence in Operations" for treatment plants in the capacity range of 5-10
million gallons per day. This award was given, in part, in recognition of the superior
quality water produced at the Nicholasville Water Treatment Plant. Figure 3 displays an
aerial view of the current water treatment plant facilities.
Figure 3. Aerial View of Water Treatment Plant
3.2.2 Current Facilities and Operations
Nicholasville’s water treatment plant draws surface water from Pool 8 of the Kentucky
River for treatment. The existing plant is a conventional turbidity removal plant that
utilizes chemical coagulation, flocculation, settling and filtration to remove suspended
particles from the raw water.
The following is a brief and simplified description of the various treatment processes,
which are utilized within the Nicholasville Water Treatment Plant.
Raw Water Pumping—Untreated water is pumped from the Kentucky River
(approximately 330 feet vertically) to the plant for treatment. Raw water pumping
facilities consist of three intake/pumping towers, each of which supports two vertical
turbine pumps. The newest tower, constructed in the 1990-1992 expansion, has the
capability to withdraw water at a depth of 10 feet below river pool stage (allowing
maximum utilization of pool storage during a drought).
Chemical Mix Basin—The raw water enters a high energy-mixing chamber where it is
treated with several chemicals for a variety of purposes. Since these solids by themselves,
are too small to be removed from the water by gravitational settling within a practical
period of time, a coagulant is added to increase particle size and weight, thus improving
solids removal during the sedimentation and filtration processes. The primary coagulant,
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which is added to aid in the removal of fine suspended solids, is polyaluminum chloride
or PAC, which has a specific gravity of 1.29.
A liquid polymer is also added as a coagulant aid to increase the efficiency of the
coagulation process, and to help remove Total Organic Carbons, or TOC’s. Potassium
permanganate can also be added as an oxidant to reduce taste and odor form several
naturally occurring organic formations found in the Kentucky River such as algae growth
during the summer months. Powdered activated carbon is also available to be fed for
occasional taste and odor problems or possible chemical spills in the Kentucky River.
The plant has the capability to feed either chlorine or chloramines for disinfection. These
chemicals are used to destroy or inactivate potentially harmful bacteria and other
microorganisms in the water, and also to provide residual disinfection within the
distribution system.
Flocculation Basins—The PAC reacts with the natural alkalinity of the water to form a
gelatinous precipitate. As the water passes through the flocculation mixing chambers, this
gelatinous precipitate entraps the fine suspended solids and forms larger and denser
masses called “floc”. Water is gently mixed in the flocculation basins with “stirring
paddles” which facilitate the creation of larger “floc” particles as the suspended solids
come into contact with each other.
Settling Basins—From the flocculation basins, the water flows to settling basins where
quiescent settling conditions permit the “floc” to settle out of the water. To facilitate
more efficient settling, each basin is equipped with “tube settling” modules. The clarified
water is collected in weir troughs and is conveyed to the filters.
Filtration—After the treatment process of coagulation and sedimentation, the clarified
water flows into dual media filter beds to remove any remaining solids. The filter beds
are constructed of layers of anthracite, filter sand, and supportive gravel. Twenty inches
of anthracite having an approximate diameter of 1.0 mm rest over ten inches of fine sand
with an average diameter of 0.5 mm. As the water passes down and through the filters,
the remaining suspended solids become entrapped in the interstices of the filter media. At
routine intervals, the filters are cleaned of the entrapped solids by forcing clear, finished
water in the reverse direction at high velocities. This reverse flow is called backwashing,
and is required to remove the build-up of captured solids within the upper levels of the
filter media.
The Nicholasville Water Treatment Plant has six filters. The four older filters each have a
rated capacity of .75 MGD and the two newest filters have a rated capacity of 1.5 MGD
each.
After filtration, fluoride is added to the treated water to improve dental hygiene. Chlorine
is added after filtration for disinfection.
Corrosion Control—After filtration, zinc orthophosphate, a corrosion inhibitor, is added
to inhibit the leaching of lead and copper from pipes in homes by creating a thin film on
the pipes.
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Finished Water Storage and Pumping—Following filtration, the treated water is
temporarily stored in concrete reservoirs called “clearwells”. The Nicholasville Water
Treatment Plant has four clearwells with a combined storage capacity of over 900,000
gallons. From the clearwells, the treated water is pumped directly to the Nicholasville
water distribution system.
Instrumentation—Plant operations are monitored and controlled by a computer based
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (S.C.A.D.A.) system. The S.C.A.D.A. system
monitors and controls pumps, chemical feeds, treatment equipment, flow rates, water
levels, etc.
3.2.3 Pumps
Nicholasville uses 6 pumps for collection of raw water from the Kentucky river. They
have 5 high service pumps available for water distribution. Table 2 contains the capacity
and the horsepower of each pump. Refer to Appendix A for pump curve information for
the 5 high service pumps.
Table 2. Pump Information
3.2.4 Water Treatment Plant Discharges
The average daily demand in 2010 for the Water treatment plant was 4,349,000 gallons.
The maximum daily demand in 2010 was 5,782,237 gallons. Figure 4 and Figure 5
illustrate the average daily demand and maximum daily demands between 1989 and
2010. As can be seen from the figures, the total capacity of the system was increased
from 6.0 MGD to 9 MGD in 2009.
Pump Type Pump Use Capacity (GPM) Horse Power
TURBINE RAW WATER 1000 125
TURBINE RAW WATER 1000 125
TURBINE RAW WATER 1500 200
TURBINE RAW WATER 1500 200
TURBINE RAW WATER 2100 250
TURBINE RAW WATER 2800 300
TURBINE HIGH SERVICE 1500 200
TURBINE HIGH SERVICE 2100 200
TURBINE HIGH SERVICE 2100 250
TURBINE HIGH SERVICE 3200 300
TURBINE HIGH SERVICE 3200 300
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Figure 4. Nicholasville Average Day Water Production
Figure 5. Nicholasville Maximum Day Water Production
3.3 Tanks
The City of Nicholasville contains 3 elevated storage tanks; Lake Street, Stephens Drive
and Capital Court Tank. These three tanks were constructed in 1965, 1974 and 2005
respectively. All three tanks are pressure tanks. Telemetry data is recorded using a
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SCADA system located at the Nicholasville Water Treatment Plant. Table 3 shown
below displays some general characteristics of each tank.
Table 3. Nicholasville Tank Information
3.4 Valves
Nicholasville Utilities has approximately 3505 valves installed within its system as of
2010. A total of 90 valves serve as air relief valves, 70 valves serve as blow-off valves,
32 valves serve as domestic service valves and a total of 28 valves serve as fire service
valves. Approximately 1114 valves serve as hydrant valves, 2170 valves serve as line
valves and 1 valve serves as a meter bypass valve.
3.5 Hydrants
Nicholasville Utilities currently has 1279 hydrants within its distribution system. The
hydrants vary in use. The majority of hydrants are used for fire protection, while 53
hydrants used routinely for flushing of the system. Hydrants are located off of water
mains ranging in diameter from 4-inch to 12 inch.
3.6 Water Quality Monitoring
Continuous water quality testing is performed at the Nicholasville Water Treatment Plant.
Water is tested for turbidity, alkalinity, hardness, iron, manganese, fluoride, pH,
corrosiveness, and disinfectant residual. Table 4 summarizes Fluoride and Chlorine levels
in the 2010 Water Quality Report.
Table 4. Summarized Water Quality Report
Contaminant
MCL
(mg/L)
MCLG
(mg/L)
Report
Level
Range of
Detection
Fluoride 4 4 1.05 0.89 to 1.23
Chlorine 4 4 1.14 0.2 to 1.9
Lake Street Capital Court Stephens Drive
750,000 1,500,000 750,000
1025.75 952.5 966.5
1105.75 1111.5 1109.5
1143.75 1151 1148
Ohlatoid Composite Ovaloid
60 ft 86 ft 68 ft
*Data from Nicholasville Water Utility Department
Elevated Storage Tank Identification, and Elevations*
Minimum Level (ft)
Shape
Inside Diamter (ft)
Name
Size (gallons)
Elevation of Bottom of the Tank
Max Level (ft)
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4.0 SYSTEM DEMANDS
The design capacity of the Nicholasville Water Treatment plant is 9 MGD. The average
daily production is approximately 4.3 MGD with a high daily production of 6.09 MGD.
The total annual volume produced is about 1320 MG. The estimated water loss is about
13.17% of the total annual volume.
According to the Kentucky Infrastructure Authority (KIA, 2012), Nicholasville directly
serves the following customer base as shown below in Table 5.
Table 5. Customer Base for Nicholasville
A breakout of the wholesale customers that purchase water from Nicholasville are
summarized below.
Table 6. Wholesale Purchasers of Nicholasville Water
Purchaser Name
Annual
Volume (MG)
Connection
Meters
Serviceable
population
Jessamine County Water District #1 207.685 6 3994
Jessamine South Elkhorn Water District 28.105 1 7693
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