Utility Scale Energy Storage

Omid Ardakanian

University of Waterloo

Opportunities & Challenges

• Ontario’s Electricity Agencies

• Drivers of Change in Ontario

• Imminent Changes to the Grid

• Benefits of Storage

• Challenges

• Proposed Solution

Outline

2

Ontario Ministry of Energy

Ontario Energy Board (OEB)

Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO)

Ontario Power Generation (OPG)

Hydro One(HOI) Tx

3 Other Transmitters

Hydro One(HOI) Dx

85 Other LDCs

Ontario Power Authority (OPA)

Ontario’s Electricity Agencies

3

Ontario’s Supply Mix

22%

18% 32%

24%

<1% 3%

2010

Hydro

Coal

Nuclear

Natural Gas

Other

Wind

Total Installed Capacity 35,781 MW Effective Capacity ~29,300 MW Extreme Weather Peak Demand 25,998 MW

36%

32%

31%

1%

OPA’s Advice for 2015

Renewables

Coal

Nuclear

Natural Gas

CHP

4

Potentials for Renewable Generation in Ontario

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

OnshoreWind

OffshoreWind

MediumHydro

Solar, Biogas,Small Hydro

Cap

acit

y (M

W)

5

Potentials for Renewable Generation in Ontario

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

OnshoreWind

OffshoreWind

MediumHydro

Solar, Biogas,Small Hydro

Cap

acit

y (M

W)

Total Potential: 65,000 MW

6

• Ontario Green Energy Act (GEA) – FIT and MicroFIT programs

Drivers of Change in Ontario

930

8500

694

3000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

FIT MicroFIT

No. ofApplications

No. of ContractOffered

7

• Ontario Green Energy Act (GEA) – FIT and MicroFIT programs

Drivers of Change in Ontario

“Approximately 8,000 MW of wind energy projects have submitted applications for

FIT contracts. At this time, 2,500 MW of capacity will be able to connect to the grid,

but transmission upgrades are planned to allow the connection of significantly more

capacity over the next few years.”

From: Canadian Wind Energy Association (CanWEA)

8

Canada Wind Atlas

[Source: Canadian Geographic]

2010 Total Installed Capacity

3,499 MW

9

Generation & Load by 2015

[Source: Ontario Power Authority]

10

Role of Energy Storage in the Smart Grid

11 [Source: NGK Insulators]

• Bulk Energy Storage

• Grid Support Applications (Utility Applications)

• Backup Power Supply

Applications of Storage

12

• DG Integration (Capacity Addition) » System Upgrade Deferral

• Load Management (Peak Shaving)

• Energy Arbitrage

• PQ Improvement » Voltage Smoothing

» Frequency Stabilization

• Loss Mitigation

• Asset Utilization

Benefits of Energy Storage

13

• DG Integration (Capacity Addition) » System Upgrade Deferral

• Load Management (Peak Shaving)

• Energy Arbitrage

• PQ Improvement » Voltage Smoothing

» Frequency Stabilization

• Loss Mitigation

• Asset Utilization

Benefits of Energy Storage

14

• Lead Acid Battery

• Sodium Sulfur Battery

• Vanadium Redox Battery

• Lithium Ion Battery

• Flywheel

• Super Capacitor

Storage Technologies

15

• Overloaded Stations

• Renewable-rich Areas

• Number of FIT Applications

• Accessibility and Security

• Hydro One’s ADS Project

Criteria for Storage Site Selection

16

• At transmission/distribution stations

• Along the feeders

• Beside the generators

• Inside the houses

Location Alternatives

17

• Gap between maximum accepted generation and potential generation capacity

Optimum Size of Storage

60% Reverse

Flow Limit

Minimum Load

Potential Generation

Capacity

Storage Size

18

Thank you

Any Questions?

19