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11/13/2013
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Unggul Priyanto Deputy Chairman for Technology of Information, Energy, and Material
The Agency for The Assessment and Application of Technology Republic of Indonesia
Utilization of DME as Alternative Fuel :
Prospect and Challenge in Indonesia
13 November 2013
11/13/2013
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1. Indonesia has been relying on oil fuels as major energy
sources, contributing to about 50% of the total national energy
mix.
2. The increase in fuel consumption will most likely be unbalanced
by the domestic fuel production.
3. Presidential Decree No. 5/2006 :
By the year 2025, the share of at least 17 % of renewable
energy is targeted in our national energy mix.
4. Master Plan for Accelerating Indonesian Economic
Development (MP3EI) :
Indonesia is aiming to become one of the 12 economically
strongest countries in the world by 2025
a. Current Status
Energy Resources
Proven Reserve
Annual Production
Ratio Reserve to Production
(year)
Coal 21,131.84 million tons
353 million tons
59.8
Oil 4,230 million barrels
330,000 thousands barrel
12.8
Natural Gas (as of 2010)
104.71 TSCF 3,400,000 MMSCF
30.8
ENERGY SECURITY
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POTENTIAL INDONESIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
3 GW u/ 11 year 24,112 Ton* Uranium (Nuclear)
8.00 MW 4.80 kWh/m2/day
Solar
302.4 MW 49.81 GW Biomass
4,200 MW 6,851 GWh 75.67 GW 845 million BOE
Hydro
1000 MW 2,593.5 GWh 29 GW 219 mill BOE Geothermal
84 MW 458.75 MW 458.75 MW Mini/Micro hydro
INSTALLED CAPACITY
UTILIZATION EQUIVALENCE RESOURCES NON FOSSIL
ENERGY
0.50 MW 9.29 GW Wind
OIL 42%
COAL 34%
GAS 21%
RE 3%
OIL 20%
COAL 33%
GAS 30%
RE 17%
RE
COAL
24,29%
23,91 %
46,77%
5,03%
RE
GAS
COAL
OIL
2011 2015 2020 2025
EN
ER
GY
DIV
ER
SIF
ICA
TIO
N
ENERGY MIX
Note: 1 TOE = 7,33 BOE
PRESIDENT DECREE 5/2006
1176 Mill. BOE
3200 Mill.BOE
20%
30%
33%
17%
2419 Mill. BOE
1649 Mill. BOE
20,6%
34,6%
41,7%
3,1%
3298 Mill. BOE
BIOENERGY 5%
GAS
OIL
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13 November 2013
a. Projection of Energy Consumption by Sectors
8
b. Projection of Fuel Consumption
Household Sector Commercial Sector
2013 45.3 Mill BOE 14.6 % Share
2025 65.4 Mill BOE 19.4 % Share
2013 1.3 Mill BOE 3.9 % Share
2025 3.8 Mill BOE 4.3 % Share
LPG in Household Sector LPG in CommercialSector
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Industrial Sector
c. Projection of Fuel Consumption
2013 0.68 Mill BOE 0.16 % Share
2025 1.32 Mill BOE 0.16 % Share LPG in Industrial Sector
:
a. Alternative Fuels
Conventional
Fuel
Substitute
Fuel Application Remark
Gasolin Bio-ethanol Transportation Mobile Engine
CNG Transportation Mobile Engine
Diesel Oil Biodiesel Transportation Stationary and
Mobile Engines
Industry, Power Plant Stationary
Engine
PPO (Pure Plant
Oil) Industry, Power Plant
Stationary
Engine
LPG DME Household Burning Fuel
Industry Burning Fuel
Commercial Buildings, etc
DME will be the option for substituting LPG in the near future due to some
reasons.
11/13/2013
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0123456789
10
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Mill
ion
To
ns
Export Import Production Consumption
Current Total LPG Consumption : 5.5 Million
Tons
Within the Next 17 Years (2030),
a. Consumption Rate : 4 % / year,
b. Production Rate : 2.6 % / year
b. Projection of LPG Balance
Increase in Imported LPG
5.5
9.2
Ref: JARI/JICA, Japan, TBC/JR: 02-104
c. Properties of DME in Comparison to C3 – C4 Fuels
Parameter DME Propane n-Butane i-Butane
Chemical formula CH3OCH3 C3H8 n-C4H10 i-C4H10
Net Calorific Value (kcal/kg)
6.900 11.100 10.930 10.930
Cetane Number 55 - 60 5 10 10
Boiling Point (°C) -25 -42 - 0.5 - 11.7
Liquid Density (kg/l, 25 °C)
0,67 0,49 0,57 0,5
Viscosity (kg/ms, 25 °C) 0,12 – 0,15 0,2 0,2 0,2
Vapor Pressure (atm, 25 oC)
6,1 9,3 2,4 3
Burning Velocity (cm/s) 50 43 41 41
Ignition Temperature (°C) 350 504 430 460
Flash Point (°C) -41 -104 -60 -60
Specific Gravity 1,59 1,52 2 2
DME, as low carbon fuel, has similar properties to LPG except lower calorific value
While suppressing CO2 emission, DME is expected to have promising prospects
which supplies multiple markets, either for clean fuel or as chemical feedstock.
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Feedstock Production
Process End User
Natural Gas
Biomass
Coal
Direct
Indirect
Indonesia is blessed with abundant and varied feedstock of DME
(Natural Gas, Biomass, Coal, etc.), great potential for developing
DME
Established processing technology (Direct or Indirect)
Varied market of DME ( as substitute fuel or chemical feedstock)
d. DME : from Feedstock to End User
Global challenges faced in the development of DME are in
particular :
a. economic competitiveness of DME in fuel markets (LPG)
b. strategic partnership among industries and
c. establishment of DME standards.
e. Challenges
Thriving of DME business will promote DME market.
Options
2. Price
1. Policy
3. Product
4. Production
Investment Support
DME Standards
Security of Supply
DME vs LPG
1. Regulatory :
Mandatory & Obligations
2. Price :
o Fuel Tax & Subsidies
o Taxes
3. DME Standards
4. Investment :
Capital Investment
Incentives
Key success factors for developing DME (4 Ps) :
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Research Development Engineering Operation
1. Optimum Blended Fuels
2. Improvement of Performance
3. Industrial/Household
Application
Value Proposition :
Enhance the industrial
competitiveness
Goals :
• Properties of DME-LPG Blended Fuel • Properties of DME-Diesel Blended
Fuel • Materials Testing : valve, seal, regulator, hose, etc • Product Quality Upgrading • Standards of DME
Engineering Design: •Conceptual •Basic Design •Detailed Design
Promotion Socialization Services
Membrane Seal Valve Bearing LPG-DME Fuel Valve
Bearing
Other Materials (PTFE,
FFKM)
1. Indonesia has a great potential for developing DME as a
domestic fuel supply due to its abundant and varied
feedstock, and the need of LPG substitution in the near
future
2. To commercialize the R&D outcomes, further
collaboration between Indonesian - International
institutions or companies is greatly appreciated in
achieving more mutual benefits for the Asian countries.
3. Standardization of DME fuel in any application is our
current concern to be established soon.