TOTAL ENERGY STORAGE SOLUTION PROVIDER
30-78 1220beongil, Gyeongsu-daero,Jangan-gu, Suwon-City, Gyeonggi-Do,South Korea zip.16201Tel Emailhttp:// www.kokam.com
+82 31 3620 100 [email protected]
WORLD’S FIRST, WORLD’S BEST
GLOBAL LEADER
FULLY INTEGRATED COMPETENCE FOR ENERGY STORAGE SOLUTIONS
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
SYSTEM INTEGRATION
AN EXPERIENCED BATTERY SOLUTION PROVIDER
2014 2015
261989-2015
Installed 16MWFrequency RegulationESS in Korea
Developed of theUltra High Power Cell
Installed 40MWFrequency RegulationESS in Korea
Developed ExtremeCell
Kokam manufacturers Lithium-Ion/Polymer Batteries, Battery Management Systems, and Energy Storage Systems. Kokam's solutions are being utilized in over 50 different countries for various applications.
Kokam develops and provides all the major components of energy storage system, which are used to create the most innovative and environment friendly solutions for a sustainable and clean future. The wide range of energy storage solutions offered by Kokam can be integrated with all aresa of the power grid (generation, transmission, and distribution).
ln 1989 Kokam manufactured the world’s first high capacity Lithium-Ion/Polymer batteries. Since then, Kokam has become a global battery industry leader within 150 worldwide patents related to battery technology and battery manufacturing equipment. In addition to offering customers a wide range of standard battery solutions, Kokam also works with customers to create customized solutions to address their unique needs.
Kokam manufactures over 30 different types of Lithium-Ion/Polymer batteries for Energy Storage System, Defense, Marine, Aerospace, Telecom, Electric Vehicle, and Medical applications. With 26 years of field experience, Kokam has installed over 650MWh of batteries around the world. Kokam's innovation solutions deliver high perfor-mance, and are reliable, durable, and exceptionally safe.
TOTAL ESS SOLUTION(Battery + PCS+ Transformer + Switchgear)
Integrated Cooling and Humidity control5 |
EXTREME
FIRE SUPPRESSION
4 | SYSTEM BMS
3 |
2 |
MOLDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER
CONTACTOR
1 | FUSE
MODERATE
CONSIDERABLE
HIGH
SYSTEMSAFETY
5 LAYERSOF PROTECTION
THIRD LAYER
FOURTH LAYER
FIFTH LAYER
SECOND LAYER
HVAC SystemRacks are directly cooled by the HVAC system (1/6 of entire container volume) so cool air reaches the heat source directly. - Cooling is fast and very efficient. - Ambient conditions do not affect operation.
Kokam Direct Cooling System
SAFEFIRST LAYER
6 MW PCS (Outdoor) + 1.5 MWh Battery (20ft)
4 MW PCS (40ft) + 2 MWh Battery (40ft)
100kWh UPS Rack + 1MW Hybrid UPS 500kWh Indoor Rack + 2MW PCS
250kWh Outdoor Rack + 250kW Outdoor PCS 50kWh Outdoor Battery + 25kW Outdoor PCS
UPS Renewable IntegrationAncillary Grid Services
PCS + UPS → Hybrid Bidirectional Inverter UPS Function (4ms response time)High Efficiency → Rated efficiency: 98%Modular Inverter Structure
Renewable IntegrationAncillary Grid Services
Module type inverter stackContainerized outdoor designConvenient large screen HMISecure and redundant control power and communicationCompatible with a wide range of communication protocols and third-party software
Renewable IntegrationDemand Response
Ancillary Grid SupportMicrogrid Application
Outdoor, Three-Phase, Four-QuadrantDynamic IslandingLower Cost Maintenance and Robust Control AlgorithmsNEMA 3R , IP54
Microgrid Application Voltage Support
IP68 Rated Battery Enclosure Outdoor, Single-PhaseIslanded mode
CONVENIENCE OF EXPANDING CAPACITY
OUTDOOR ESSCONSTANT SUPPLY OF HIGH QUALITY ELECTRIC POWER
MOBILITY ESS
Installed Energy
Item
Nominal Voltage
Operating Voltage Range
Power
Efficiency
Operating Temperature
Cooling System
Communication Protocol
250kWh
888V
768 ~ 994V
100kW
97%
-20 ~ 50℃
Forced Air-cooling
Modbus RTU or CANEMS: Modbus TCP DNP3.0, IEC61850
Kokam Battery
Bidirectional Inverter
Specification
250kWh BATTERY / 100kW PCS
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Mobile ESS for emergency power supply Units
Battery Rack
PCS
Fire Suppression System SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Battery Rack
PCS
Fire Suppression System
EV Charger
HVAC
Truck
Vehicle + ESS Container
Battery Rack
PCS
EV Charger
- Heat dissipation structure provides efficient cooling of the battery- Constructed with insulation and HVAC to control battery system ambient temperature- Rugged vehicle designed to meet the requirements of the Mobile standard
- Rugged design for long-term use- Provides maximum safety with automatic fire suppression system and full enclosure- Provides User Interface to monitor battery SOC & Condition
- 30kW ~ 250kW Power Range- Optimized design to meet the requirement of the mobile standard- TR less design applied
- Provide various EV chargers including Single phase / Three phase / DC - CHAdeMO Standard - Real-time Charge identification service available
152MW ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM INSTALLED
KEPCO Frequency Regulation Project
Frequency Regulation Project in OceaniaData Center UPS in U.STelecommunication Center UPS in AustraliaPowerCor Utility in Australia Gasado Island Micro Grid Project (KEPCO)San Diego Gas & ElectricDaegu Demand Response ProjectKansas City Power & Light Green Impact Zone Smart Grid Eumseong Hyundai Heavy Industry FactoryKORAIL Station (x 2units)Duke Energy Seoul National Park Peak Shaving ProjectKERI (Changwon) TransGrid Utility in Australia
3MW / 472kWh12MW / 2.4MWh
2MW / 2.2MWh
1MW / 2.3MWh1MW / 1.5MWh
250kW / 800kWh
1.5MW / 3.2MWh
1MW / 530kWh
100kW / 435kWh
250kW / 310kWh
1MW /1MWh1MW / 1MWh
250kW / 430kWh
REFERENCE
KEPCO West Ansung Substation, KOREA (16MW/5MWh)
20ft container: 1.3MWh 40ft container: 2.8MWh 53ft container: 3.7MWh
STABLIZING THE POWER GRID WHILE MAKING THE MOST EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY RESOURCES HAS BECOME A GLOBAL CONCERN
With the proliferation of grid-connected renewable energy sources, the task of stabilizing the power grid while making more efficient use of our energy resources has become a global concern. Increasingly, Energy Storage Systems (ESS) have been recognized as a clean, cost-effective solution for stabilizing the grid and reducing the risk of black outs.
16MW / 5MWh16MW / 6MWh24MW / 9MWh
36MW / 13MWh
30MW / 11MWh
24MW / 9MWh KOREA 1MW / 2.3MWh U.S
16MW / 5MWh KOREA1.5MW / 3.2MWh KOREA
16MW / 6MWh KOREA 1MW / 1MWh U.S 1MW / 800kWh U.S
12MW / 2.4MWh U.S3MW / 472kWh AUSTRALIA
2MW / 2.2MWh AUSTRALIA 100kW / 210kWh U.S1MW / 1MWh KOREA
Processes and displays real-time status of the battery system from the rack level down to the cell level Provides data on energy, voltage, current, SOH/SOC status and moreEasy access to data through user friendly GUIAnomalies identifiable at the cell and module level for quick diagnosisActivates various protection mechanisms during emergency situationsMonitoring data and event log saved up to 3 yearsRemote Management feature available over Ethernet
COMPLETELYINTEGRATED
BATTERY SOLUTION
CellModuleRackBMS (Module, Rack, System)Battery Protection UnitContainerDC Panel HVAC SystemFire Suppression System
SystemBMS
Rack BMS
Module BMS
Battery Protection Unit(BPU)
Fire Suppression System
Module RackDC PanelNMC Cell
High Power Type High Energy Type
Kokam Systems makes no warranty explicit or implied with these specifications. Contents subject to change without notice.
Model
Installed Energy (MWh)
Rated Energy (MWh)
Max PowerDischarge(MW)
Charge(MW)
DC Efficiency
DC Voltage
Approx. Dimensions [LWH]Feet / mm
Enclosure details
Ambient OperatingTemperature Range
KCE-3774 KCE-2664 KCE-1351 KCE-675 KCE-3552 KCE-2664 KCE-1332
3.77 2.66 1.35 0.67
-30℃~ 50℃
Designed to satisfy ISO 1164, ISO 668 and IP54 per IEC 60529 standard
640 ~ 1100V
>95% [C/2 rate]
53’ 40’ 40’40’ 20’20’ 53’
3.55 2.60
3.66 2.58 1.31 0.65 3.41 2.50
1.30
15.10 10.66 5.41 2.70 3.55 2.60
1.25
15.10 10.66 5.41 2.70
1.30
3.55 2.60 1.30
“SPECIFICATION”HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONTAINERIZED STORAGE SOLUTION
Point of interconnection
(POI)
PUBLICGRIDPOWER
PLANT CONTROLLER(PPC)
POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM
(PCS)
INVERTER
WIND
PV
ESS
GRID CONTROLLER
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM INTEGRATED RENEWABLE ENERGY
53ft 40ft 20ft
Utiliy-Scale
Kokam’s Indoor and Outdoor Type Rack (KRI/KRO) are composed of Kokam’s standard battery modules which are able to be built into 60 -130kWh capacity systems upon a customer’s request. The KRI/KRO racks can be installed in various locations such as offices, hospitals, utilities, telecom towers, data centers and military bases.
COMPACT SIZE WITH COST EFFECTIVE SYSTEM
KRI/KRO STANDARD RACK
Installed Energy (kWh)
Rated Energy (kWh)
Configuration
Nominal Power (kW)
Max Charge/Discharge Power (kW)
Model Indoor
Outdoor
DC Efficiency*
DC Voltage Ambient Operating
Approx. Weight (kg)
Approx. Dimensions
KRI-H-3R4C-106
KRO-H-3R4C-106
106
101
2P16S Modulesx 12
106
424
614 ~ 800V
1095
1180 x 620 x 2000
KRI-H-2R5C-111
KRO-H-2R5C-111
111
105
2P20S Modulesx 10
111
444
>95% [C/2 rate]
650 ~ 830V-10℃~ 50℃
1200
1150 x 743 x 2116
Certifications UL 1973
Certifications UL 1973
KRI-H-3R4C-133
KRO-H-3R4C-133
133
126
2P20S Modulesx 12
133
532
720 ~ 1100V
1270
1150 x 743 x 2116
High Power Type
Installed Energy (kWh)
Rated Energy (kWh)
Configuration
Nominal Power (kW)
Max Charge/Discharge Power (kW)
Model Indoor
Outdoor
DC Efficiency*
DC Voltage
Ambient Operating
Approx. Weight (kg)
Approx. Dimensions
KRI-2R6C-106
KRO-2R6C-106
106
101
2P16S Modulesx 12
106
106
614 ~ 800V
1085
1180 x 620 x 2000
KRI-2R5C-111
KRO-2R5C-111
111
105
2P20S Modulesx 10
111
111
>95% [C/2 rate]
640 ~ 832V
-10℃~ 50℃
1090
1150 x 743 x 2116
KRI-2R6C-133
KRO-2R6C-133
133
126
2P20S Modulesx 12
133
133
768 ~ 1100V
1260
1150 x 743 x 2116
High Energy Type
SPECIFICATION
*Inclusive of battery management systems and electronic components*Kokam makes no warranty explicit or implied with these specifications. The contents are subjected to change without prior notice.*Installed Energy: The total amount of stored capacity without considering the operational conditions.*Rated Energy: The total amount of usable capacity, taking into consideration the operation conditions. (discharge condition @ 0.5P, 23±3°C, BOL)
Energy capacity of hundreds of kWhOutdoor type rack follows the NEMA3RWeatherproof capabilityExtreme environments
Description Kokam Competitor
Energy (kWh) 133 40~58
PowerCharge (kW) 532 100~174
532 100~220
Density 70 45~57
KOKAM RACK VS COMPETITOR’S RACK
X 4 TIMES (4 C-RATE)
Energy Power
High Energy
High Power Durability
Safety
x 3~5 x 3~5 x 1.5
Energy Density (Wh/L)
Discharge (kW)
Charge Power Disharge Power Energy Density
Model Name
Installed Capacity (kWh) Rated Capacity (kWh)
Rated Power
Configuration
DC Efficiency* DC Voltage
Ambient Operating
Enclosure details
Indoor Outdoor
Charge/Discharge(kW) 888
KRIS-H-2-222KROS-H-2-222 222
211
2 Racks connected in parallel
1332
KRIS-H-3-333KROS-H-3-333
333316
3 Racks connected in parallel
1776
KRIS-H-4-444 KROS-H-4-444
444422
4 Racks connected in parallel
>97% [C/2 rate]600V ~ 850V
Certifications UL 1973
0 ~ 45℃-20 ~ 50℃
Indoor Outdoor Indoor
Outdoor IP20IP54
2220
KRIS-H-5-555 KROS-H-5-555
555527
5 Racks connected in parallel
2664
KRIS-H-6-666KROS-H-6-666
666633
6 Racks connected in parallel
NMC High Power Type
- The table above provides the technical specifications for a Battery System composed of 2EA Racks. A Battery System maybe composed of up to 30 Racks.- Kokam recommends the use of a System BMS and a DC Distributional Panel with the Battery System.
217 325 433 542
KRIS-H-2-228KROS-H-2-228
228
KRIS-H-3-342 KROS-H-3-342
342
KRIS-H-4-456KROS-H-4-456
456
KRIS-H-5-570 KROS-H-5-570
570
KRIS-H-6-684KROS-H-6-684
684650
KRIS-H-2-266KROS-H-2-266
KRIS-H-3-399KROS-H-3-399
KRIS-4-532 KROS-H-4-532
KRIS-5-665KROS-H-5-665
KRIS-H-6-798KROS-H-6-798
266253
399379
532505
665632
798758
Model Name
Installed Capacity (kWh) Rated Capacity (kWh)
Rated Power
Configuration
DC Efficiency* DC Voltage
Ambient Operating
Enclosure details
Indoor Outdoor
Charge/Discharge(kW)
266
2 Racks connected in parallel
400
3 Racks connected in parallel
532
4 Racks connected in parallel
>97% [C/2 rate]600V ~ 998V
Certifications UL 1973
0 ~ 45℃-20 ~ 50℃
Indoor Outdoor Indoor
Outdoor IP20
IP54
665
5 Racks connected in parallel
798
6 Racks connected in parallel
NMC High Energy Type
Model Name
Installed Capacity (kWh) Rated Capacity (kWh)
Rated Power
Configuration
DC Efficiency* DC Voltage
Ambient Operating
Enclosure details
Indoor Outdoor
Charge/Discharge(kW)
866
2 Racks connected in parallel
1300
3 Racks connected in parallel
1733
4 Racks connected in parallel
>97% [C/2 rate]750V ~ 1100V
Certifications KBIA
-30 ~ 55℃Indoor
Outdoor Indoor
Outdoor
IP20
IP54
2166
5 Racks connected in parallel
2600
6 Racks connected in parallel
LTO High Power Type
KOKAM RACK SYSTEM (KRS)CUSTOMER-CENTERED SOLUTION
SPECIFICATION
COMPACT SIZE WITH COST EFFECTIVE SYSTEM PIONEER OF PREMIUM BATTERY
CES
Model Unit CES-30 CES-45 CES-55 CES-90
Energy kWh 30 45 55 90
System Voltage Range
VDC 505~705 505~705 470~655 505~705
BMS
CONSTANT SUPPLY OF HIGH QUALITY ELECTRICAL POWER
BATTERY MODULE SIZES: 30, 45, 55, 90 kWh
Kokam’s CES is available for customization and includes battery module sizes of 30, 45, 55, or 90kWh by customer request. This system is water-proof, gas-tight, and operates in extreme environments – even underground. Also, it can be interconnected with various Inverters / Converters / PCS.Furthermore, Kokam has been a partner with global PSC companies and the product has been proven worldwide. Kokam became a market leader with various successful CES projects for utilities in North America and worldwide.
COMMUNITY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
Processes and displays real-time status of the battery system from the rack level down to the cell level (up to 30 racks)Provides data on energy, voltage, current, SOH/SOC status and moreEasy access to data through user friendly GUIAnomalies identifiable at the cell and module level for quick diagnosisActivates various protection mechanisms during emergency situationsMonitoring data and event log saved up to 3 yearsRemote Management feature available over Ethernet
Fuse and Breaker designed to protect the battery system against short circuitFuse and Breaker status available through HMI
SYSTEM BMS
System Status Rack Status Cell Status
BMS SOFTWARE
DC PANEL
Kokam’s Community Energy Storage (CES) System is built for the next generation of distributed Energy Storage Systems. CES is a utility product in front of the meter that can serve multiple loads. It improves energy efficiency by storing intermittent renewable energy sources and discharge energy for peak shaving. CES is the best storage solution for high quality power for residential applications. CES also allows regional systematic control and meets a quickly expanding market for decentralized power supply systems.
TOTAL SOLUTIONThe SIS is an intelligent distributed energy storage system that captures solar power and delivers it when needed most. It combines batteries, power electronics, and multiple energy inputs in a UL-certified appliance controlled by software running in the cloud. It is a utility-grade product designed for the consumer and commercial markets.
Kokam's product and service platform allows customers to pair storage with solar and other distributed energy resources and offers utilities additional benefits: enhancing customer acquisition, retention, service, and lifetime value.
Control of SIS units in real-time including the ability to execute algorithms that automatically operate each SIS as a fleet according to utility preferences.
KHESSSIS
SOFTWARE
SOLAR OPTIMIZING GRID INTERACTIVE PRICE RESPONSIVE DEMAND RESPONSIVE
StoraXe
OWN DESIGN & SOFTWARE
HOME ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
The next generation, KokamLi-Polymer battery technology has a cycle life of > 8,000 cycles (@ 80% DOD, RT). Integrated with a highly efficient power conversion system (PCS) KHESS includes a charger, inverter, solar inverter, battery pack, and an Energy Management Software (EMS).
- Battery Energy (kWh): 3.8 / 7.7 / 11.4 / 15.2- PCS (kW): 4.5 / 6- PV Inverter(kW): 4.5 / 6- Certification: CE
KHESS (INDOOR)
BRIEF SPECIFICATION
- The all-around, carefree storage solution for seamless integration in existing building installations- AC battery storage system with integrated inverter- Integrated Energy Management System (EMS)- Network formation for self-sufficient, isolated systems - Fully fledged emergency power function in the event of power failure
- Battery Energy (kWh): 25- PCS (kW): 20- Certification: VDE, CE
StoraXe (INDOOR)
BRIEF SPECIFICATION
All components (power electronics, storage, sensors, computer) are packaged in a compact, safe, secure, UL certified, utility-grade form factor that can be installed behind the meter, indoors or outdoors, and which has a 15 year or longer usable life in a wide range of environmental conditions.
- Battery Energy (kWh): 7.7 / 11.4- PCS (kW): 4.5 / 6- PV Inverter(kW): 4.5 / 6- Certification: UL
SIS (OUTDOOR)
BRIEF SPECIFICATION
Kokam UPS (KUPS) provides perfect protection in a number of applications including medical, telecom, and data centers. During an outage, KUPS immediately provides battery back-up power to protect mission-critical information and systems.
Kokam High Power UPS
– Higher energy density and lighter weight allows integration of batteries and UPS within a factory-tested single container, providing faster and more reliable field installation and start-up– Provides 4 to 8 times longer cycle life and high power density than lead-acid battery– No degradation with shallow cycles– No open-circuit failure mode– No hydrogen generation– Integrated monitoring of individual cell’s voltages and temperatures
PIONEER OF PREMIUM BATTERY
KUPS
CONFIGURATION
SPECIFICATION
Description 2 Rack 3 Rack Unit
Configuration 9Module 10Module 9Module 10Module Module
Energy 105 111 157 166 kWh
Max. Charge Power 210 222 314 332 kW
Max. Discharge Power 798 843 1,193 1,261 kW
DC Voltage 686 ~786 640~832 686 ~786 640~832 VDC
Nominal Voltage 699 740 699 740 VDC
UL Certification
UL1973 (Available 2015.4Q) Rack
UL 1973 Module
UL1642 Cell
X 8 TIMES (8C-RATE)
Lead-acid Kokam UPS
POWER
LEAD-ACID BATTERY VS. KOKAM LIB BATTERY Energy
Model
Max Power
Max Discharge Time
Unit
kWh
kW
min
Type A
55
396
4
Type B
55
346.5
5
Type C
55
275
10
Type D
111
444
15
Type E
111
222
30
Fire Suppression System
KBM Module
Rack BMS
Rack BPU Cover
Contactor/Fuse
Rack MCCB
Kokam works to solve the limitations associatedwith conventional lithium-ion technologies, includingcycle and calender life, safety, recharge time, powerdelivery and ability to operate in extreme temperatures.The technology’s performance features surpass other existing battery capabilities in the market place today.
NMC Cell
7553
4C/8C2C/4C
2.7 ~ 4.2
2.7 ~ 4.2
Over 8,000cycles
Capacity (Ah)
Cycle life 1C/1C
Max ContinuousCharge/Discharge
VoltageRange (V)
CellSpecification 53Ah 75Ah Remark
80% DOD
80% DOD
LITHIUM POLYMER BATTERY :THE RIGHT CHOICE FOR YOUR BUSINESS
Over 20,000 cycles
LTO Cell
1.5 ~ 2.8
65
4C/8C
65AhCell
Specification Remark
Capacity (Ah)
Cycle life 1C/1C
Max ContinuousCharge/Discharge
VoltageRange (V)
NANO Cell
70 @ 0.2C46
3C/8C3C/8C
3.7 3.7
46Ah 70Ah
Capacity (Ah)
Max ContinuousCharge/Discharge
VoltageRange (V)
CellSpecification
Remark
- Exceptionally High Power Performance - High Energy Density ( ~ 265 Wh/kg) - High Gravimetric and Volumetric Power Density. - Excellent Power-to-Energy Balance - Longer Cycle and Calendar Life - Low Impedance and Heat Generation - Light Weight - No Memory Effect - High Charge / Discharge Energy Efficiency - Low Self-Discharge Rates
Dissipation Surface
3.5 x
Pouch type has more surface area compared to Prismatic type (High Capacity Cell), providing better heat transfer leading to cooler, longer-life, and higher performance.
Prismatic Pouch
1.6x of heat dissipation → 19.1cm/Ah : 11.6 cm/Ah 3.5x of dissipation surface → 650 mm/6.5t : 216 mm/22.5t
2 2
2 2
End of Life 60% Remaining Capacity
Advantages
Operating temperature: -30 ~ 60 degC.
High specific power: 4 C-rate continuous and 8 C-rate peak charge & discharge operation
High round trip efficiency (RTE): >95%.
Long cycle life: 20,000 cycles @ 80% DoD, 1C charge & discharge operating conditions.
Extremely Safe: A thermal runaway event is significantly less likely to occur in LTO cells. LTO cells can also be re-operated after an event of an over-discharge, unlike conventional graphite based Li-Ion cells. This feature enables the user to operate the battery cells under extreme environmental and usage conditions.
Advantages of the LTO cells: Anode side of ordinary Li-Ion cells are made up of graphite, the anode side of the LTO cell is composed of Lithium Titanate, which has stronger chemical structure than graphite.
Specially designed for defense & aerospace application
This hybrid type cell has incorporated the advantages of NMC, LFP and LTO cells into one cell. It is extremely safe and reliable battery solution for extremely volatile and dynamic operational conditions. The high power, energy and safety features allow the NANO cells to be flexibly applied in various applications.
Advantages
NMC + LFP+LTO (NANO)
LITHIUM TITANATE (LTO)
Advantages
High C-rate up to 12 C-rate discharging performance
High C-rate up to 4 C-rate charging performance
Improved performance without safety or cycle life trade off
HIGH POWER NMC
Energy
Performance
Power
Safety
Cost
Life span
Energy
Performance
Power
Safety
Cost
Life span
Energy
Performance
Power
Safety
Cost
Life span
AIR COOLED BATTERY PACK LIQUID COOLED BATTERY PACK
DISCOVERY BEYOND TECHNOLOGY
Superior power by weight or volume in a cost effective solution
Excellent calendar and cycle life with consistent performance over extended use
Kokam’s high-performance lithium polymer battery technology delivers high power and energy density
combined with excellent safety performance and cycle life.
ENERGY:
POWER:
CYCLE:
Higher usable energy means greater battery utilization and lower cost