b67rnss &Is
I. ~ a i u ~ u i u ~ n r f i u 1 ' 1 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ z u u ~ a ~ a v d ' 2. niaz~uiwaaari)wEaosq~~~
3. sru~aauuauoi
4. szuu~3Flii 1
5. naiuadauao~szuu~~ aruurauuluoi uazsruu'jsn8
uwi 3 5zuuLlfl3Ga sruuupluaua%" aaa:sz~ uLliaa6i (Feudalism, Manorlal System and Chivalry)
- I
5. ~aiu~dawa~rmu~akunrmuuuw~ua~
.reuuFlGa i~azmuuuu~uoi ~ l n d o u ~ . r r u 1 c u ~ i n 6 ~ 0 1 ) ~ ~ ~ ~ d 13
iimkn~prmudszni7 ~ ~ ~ ~ r i m ~ i u ~ r n o a a ~ ~ m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a n nnanukrn~m7~ nis
~A~9oaT~ri ni~~fini~d?%flifliFi R?IUL%~U~~J v ~ ~ ~ ~ u u ~ ~ s ~ i t l ( i 8 n 8 ~ i a u '
%uu%a.k (Feudalism) nuiu6~ 3 ~ u u ~ i i ~ a u n a i u ~ v j u d ~ r ~ i i 9 b ~ 1 (Lord) bda 4 d n w i o ~ii j~tn~lunis~i lu~<iuo~~~un'ui~ (Vassal) n~o~?uuouK~iiion.rsu3nnnmu Tmuunmr
w ddd (Fief) ~~u~u:ujluao~~aiuc?nw'u~~arni~r~uinn~60n'u
iiii 3ruu3aRk (Feudalism) Ailui i~uioinniwnz~ui i Feudum d~(al3an~u
3i~~F1a6iR L ~ ~ ~ ~ U I ~ R ~ ~ Y ~ K ~ ' I I Q J U O J ~ T ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ P ~ ~ 9 W ~ Q U 7 ~ R ~ I U L ~ Q ~ ~ Q ~ Q I N I < ~ ~
~d~ad~~$amaaadnir3~a6uu ou8apisnnnm~~wd 13 .izuu~a~'~~fimh5ui,bmu yb~ddia
raain'u ~.ir~nn8ain"uaz~uoaud~~u~u~~mu~u~iLUPm'110~~ru~flam'a ~~143ruuj"la~a~o5~
f a ~ o ~ ~ ~ a z d ~ ~ u i n i s o d i a ~ ~ i u ~ m u i n d ~ ~ ~ u e l ~ r ~ n ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a d ~ r u i ~ ~ ^ a a ~ ~ ~ ~ ( a l a a ~ w d 9-1 2
d - i i m n f i n q w ~ u ~ s r u u ~ a ~ a ~ u ~ u ~ m a ~ ~ u d 11 I ~ Q Y Y S ~ L ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ U U ~ ~ ~ (William, The
Conqueror) ul~JnA30~d3zIYl~69nq~'
Au~tlsanuuqari~ ,
~mwyTddniunu'u<n3a33WT3Cu ~5mnaiu~dou$~~iuni3~~oa ~~1=iq5o~azt7adj~u 8 4 - saun~unu~n~iuoinwan~ui~u"p~w~uoa~u ~i l~bf innaiuat ! is~~iu d.rraiauuimd6~
W L & d d O
iguinnniadauun d ~ z a i a u b a a ~ I d ~ i ~ ~ o ~ n " u ~ u ~ i ~ y u a n ~ n u o i u i o ~ u ' a ~ ~ ~ C ~ 5dnain
, ' Will Durant, The Age of Faith. (New York : Simon and Schuster, 1950), P.553.
I luRj~6U'U ~ ~ : b w f l ~ ? i u ~ ~ ~ u 6 s ~ d i ~ ~ d n ~ % n ' u ~ @ n ~ % (Patron and Client
System) M%I uiu6unisi (Master and Slave Relations) n?o &fibi7 (Lord and Vassal
"Relations) i i o n i ~ d ~ i u i y ~ u ~ ~ o n i ~ r d i ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ a i ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ waiu92]ni3 nn~diid'uip V L a. nio2u~no Tnadw'ua:n3f id~~ri l~ iu~'~!~ v i 3 o d a u s u d n m o u n u o ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ n i ~ :
2 u d td d u da uonqinu u~unaiu~u~ufin~nsaio~nunfiu ~nn~~1ob~h~8uriiAu r6n~gunaiun"uGud
did hroad8un'u{~didiu ~ o a i a u i ~ ~ i a o ~ f i u ~ u ~ ~ n q (Villein) fimun6an'uoin - Io - i j i i a don'uoinnis~nsiuao~wan~ui~sau ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ Q J ~ ~ I w " L ~ ~ L ~ I u I u LO^) Ins
a i ~ u i i i y i u n S u ~ ~ d i m a ~ m n i ~ I~rineiin1srw'uar~nw"uo~$nn'~ld8u dn~idmiu
a.i3u~~sudfid~rh1f'u lir<iuiua:8en%dpliuh~noa~Idm' ur~u~nisriiwumm~~orii~n"u w d n O P v da wanniniimd~u (serfs) dni ~lunmurnnluiburiu~3~~1~ a:dio~gnwirnunmu ~unl i i w
In' ~?J'u?uuri~diuiuor& ~ d i u i u ~ 3 n ~ o : ~ ~ i i ~ i u ~ ~ ~ r i i ~ u m n i ~ ~ d u n i ~ 1 6 m i ~ 6 o ~ n i ~
d a a ~ ~ d u d aiaTsCu8sni7 nuu?dnlrzqru (Patrocium) u d r d u n 1 d ~ i a u i l i * r d 3 u r n n l x i ~ i u i ~ ~ s 1 ' i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ u ~ i u n ~ o n u i ~ w ' ~ ~ r i ~ d i ~ u i n ~ ~ o ~ G i u i u
d'. t: crd- Imuuouofiyiuzj~dinmuuuiiEu do@Junnu aooi&riiwad~duau"~ud^mu~o~ dJ&
?IUUIJ ~R'a~w"dlbd7 b~ar~~~#w"il~ium'au d ~ z n o u ~ b ~ u i s w ~ ~ y u u ~ ~ u n ~ u d i u ~ ~ d u i n b ~ ~ dn 8 V d v fii&~orii2]s~~u'11u"bunmuuu~m'm1ua'iw"~ b ~ i i u ~ v u ~ u i b d i f i d ~ r h a ~ ni~~mzt i~dn"
luflw'dsaiau~di~~ua'm~dun'u dseiw~~duffisnl~ mufunsas (Precariwn) douilu
ma35wd 8 Sunii nuul?cudntuau' (Beneficlam %?fa Benefice)
I ' Stewart C. Easton, The Heritage of the Past : Proin the Earliest Times to the Close of the Middle Ages. (New I
York : Holt, Rlchart and Winston), PP.525-6. . / I
I
k~uvoaau~dibso~u"ubpr'~1~~~27u~~w"u'5t:~ii~M'a~1u'in'u~nu'~a wanouisuau
~ u o ~ u i r d i i 8 n 3 w n u i n ~ ~ m 1 u q ~ ~ v ~ ~ u ~ ~ k?nu~w6d~a~wLdia~i f~dwanbs3u b n l i r u d - w d qruufiaiunnm (Cornitatus) t o d~zm~~a i~an . r rdn~ r :n ' i ~mu 'a iu iu i i ~~~~a iunn~
a: ~ ~ ~ ~ Q ~ ~ J ~ Q ~ ~ ? M ~ ~ ~ D ~ ~ ~ ~ J ~ ~ o I ~ s ~ J u u R ~ u ~ u R J R ~ ~ u ~ ~ I A G ~ F ~ ~ ~ I U I U U " ~ " ~ I . ~ ' W ~ ~
w4.r~ ~ u u ' n s u d ~ a ~ ~ u ~ ~ 5 u ' s ~ n l ~ w a n d u 1 4 ~ ~ l 0 1 ~ u qanrruaur Siftu~murh~ q l h i n su td' d noidu ib~uoi~ iP 'nsd~~a%unbb~f iu~~~ da~~u~ i Iuvoawan~~~u w~nud~adnl i i iu~oi
d ~ z ~ w d u n z i u u a ~ ~ u v ~ a I ~ 3 ~ u i I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i l n ~ ~ 0 a ' 1 1 ~ a m ~ b ~ u ~ 0 ~ i z U ~ z ~ ~ f i j n i ~ 9 M ' q d n i ~ z
n ? o n i ~ t w ' a i u @ ~ s ~ ~ d i ? U ~ q n l ~ y n ~ n M ~ ~ ~ q ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 f l b ~ u ' ~ (Patrociurn njo
Precarium) d~z~wf i j~~u i rJ~~8g ldm~an '~d~z~w~n" ia"mu 'a i~ iu~r :~ i i~M 'a~u ' in '~~n~0a
(Cornitatus) aoawanuvha6$$oj~~u d ~ ~ f l u n i ~ ~ ~ u ~ a n i ~ n s a i s d i u i ~ ~ i n M ' ~ ~ u ' i ~ d ~ u ' n ~ u
~Gu0anaiulwir~d~u~~~1avoa~uuia Iuf ioaduuinni id iu i~ '11~ai~~z~~1udannia & odviidnnai n~?md~z~i?'u21o~d5z0iau n'nwuz~du~or~ni~w'w~i1111~aaiufu~~r~'~uu
Iuszuu$a~aaaaqT3d~wnnia b m ~ ~ ~ w ~ z m n l n a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u u n ' ~ a i u d ~ u i o (De-centralization)'
nduunwaiu~y0ruflaKa q q
!L~L% w%aaa"mnwd 1 w%nGa36 (Suzerain H% The First Lord w% King)
~flu~fiaoad5dmclnu~~~"1drbio~fun"u~m r u i n r o a d ~ u o i ~ o z ~ ~ u . u ~ n n ~ ~ o o i ~ i ~ n 5
~?oo'nn.rsA ~ A Q ~ ~ ~ Q I Q Q ~ ~ ~ I M ~ ~ L ~ ~ U A ~ A M ~ D ~ ~ ~ ^ ~ ~ H " ~ Q ~ ~ ~ W ~ Z ~ idU w%L$l?dLdWJ U P # a ~ ~ u ~ a o m w ~ ~ a i ~ ~ n ~ ~ a n q w iIgiuzX~unrn~s ~ v o l z i G s ~ r ~ u wa~~idiin~duu
t U d W a d & ~Uum~~~~viauosuam unr~lluCiviaoanwm~sdsa~fl~1 d~uwa~b.ni ian~n'ndi~ig~flu~~0o~su w a r b uvi~~uofKul Bgiuz~flumqn unzduu'i'11oanwmsuds~~fla6~11 dn"Jao~si ia i l~n8rkm
~flu~jr iuoa$~uh Fief voamu
' Edward McNall Bums, Western Civllizatlons : Their History and Their Culture. (New York : W.W.Norton and
Co.,lnc. 1963), P.312.
70 HI 351
mah
no89 (Lord) nuluga y u ~ a ~ v q a ~ ~ u u o u n ~ ~ u ~ n ~ ~ a t : ~ i i ~ , n d ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ m A a ~ u b f l u I
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ C ( ~ l N l ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ b b d ~ ~ ~ u " ~ ~ l ~ ~ L " 1 1 ~ b 7 ~ ~ ~ ~ E ~ M ~ O ~ ~ U & ~ ? U B J Q U M B J I ~ I
Y w d d rn~om~ri1dquuiarnri1~ ? n ~ i m i a i u ~ u ~ ~ ~ u ~ a i u ~ ~ ? n f i n ~ r~ardfju"nm~uwiramu~nn
W a f CL siiundatFJun(~ n5onrjm5i ~du nwmsud.ra~plan~~uou$~ud~a 7 'Lu3iaoi~1&3aoa 8 ad waoafifiu3sn1~uu~~.a"u~a1ddn~.ro~~~~n u5.rm1quu1amd1uunu~n^8~M'do~ubbmu~wu
u n f CL f w d ~uuou~ibbn~~~urbfiua'a"II~naoanw.m.r~d.rabpla bdu n(nbbvhuo3uan (Duke of Normandy),
nqn~v!aon%.mu (Duke of Aquitaine) L~IJLLY/~G~IJo (Count of Aujou) ~flu6u
5~018
irmm (Vassal) nulufia guuia~i~aniohd16n'i~~~uu~u~'1u~1n~<1Idn"i wnd.rztuau' ~a=:6oa~~d~wa~3tauT$b~ri~g1 kiwiramddazrioa~~u"m~o~<~w~u~o~naa
lu3zererfla m"a
i f iu n'Sa+fua'sr.a.is
&#h n% iluiaain (Knight n'Sa Sub-vassal) rruiud~~uuia.rzsiuh dd P i;om~u3nannuo1n~uuia~u~~~nnom~d~ dg.1~=:~u~uCa0imoa~uuia & R a ~ u ~ ~ d l ~ .
~ ~ ~ f i u ~ i o . j u i n a i a ~ n i ~ z ~ ~ i i ~ ~ a z ~ o ~ n ~ ' u ~ 5 o ~ u u i a . a " ~ ~ dutbiuw~~guuiaR~add W P f CL
do.amonu idu n ~ n ~ s d ~ a u n ~ f l u ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 o ~ ~ u d a a ~ ~ ~ m 1 n ~ n ~ a ~ b ~ 1 6 n " ~ ~ 1 a 1 a i ( ~ o n ~ . r u 3 n ~ w a r - CL dG~~udarnpld$abpln m ~ n ~ ~ n a n ~ r i ~ ~ ~ i d ~ ~ u ~ a a i a ~ o a n w w a u ~ ~ a ~ a umiaolz~#u?nird
O d d nsnau' n ~ o ~ s i ~ o i n m s ~ i u ~ n ~ ~ a ~ u ~ ~ y 1 n B a o ~ u , ~ ~ a l u ~ a i u 3 ' u ~ m ~ u a iau in ion in
i m d ~ u u ' ~ a i u f u ~ ~ u u s ' w % d 6 o ~ ~ n ' b a ' o ~ n ~ i n d i u ~ i ~ u ~ d ~ ~ n i ~ a i u n ~ ~ ~ a u n ~ ~ l l ~ 8 n ~ u d ~ ~ &dm 8 m ~ ~ n d ~ u o r O n a i u n i a a r i b ~ ~ ~ n ' ~ < i a ~ d d ' i u 5 i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d i ~ 5 ~ u ~ 5 ~ ~ n 5 5 u ~ n u n ~ u u u
2. mmciidune3nh~~~ u d u d a ~
~ u i ~ a i a d a ~ n ~ n ~ r < i
1. n i . r r~ummdausu (Knight's Service) w u dn \ ainownuaos~<i Imu~flunnis4ausulr?'udi n i ~ ~ ~ d ~ u ~ i n ~ ~ r ~ ~ i ~ ~ e j u ~ u d ~ u u i n
c d n b rduni.riiou~uud~5u~~n'bud5udauw5ro3~ nmun?d.rrm. d a u l n ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ f l u ~ l u ~ i r p l l ~ o ~ w i a
(Knight's Fee) d ~ ~ ~ r ~ i i ~ i f u d ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i 1 ~ ~ i f f ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ b r i i 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ dn Y.
+YU wn~lsdu0~~o~nmuuu~in%oa'a0 ia~"so~~u~r~~~~u '~ddsdin7~~uno~~~i~aadi r~u \
40 a'w ~dovu'ut-iin~m~a'? ~V7\ ld~io~~R'u~"s~~oi~n~n'uu' i~~ n i n u ' ? ~ d ~ W ' R ~ i ~ ~ a u ~ n ~ o v do ni4nni.r h @ o d i u u u u n i s ~ ~ u n ~ i d a u s u (Knight's Service) ~ri iwuinniAil(r ioA 2
odid 61 nisuouslur%dGi (Act of Homage) ~aemslr?' ~aiU~d%nl?nfi (Act of Fealty)
nisutauri?r&dGi (Act of Homage) i io rnsll5znoufi'anssudfin"so?'a0iao::
~ n d i ~ a n l d i ~ ~ i ~ ' i o a o i w ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L Q ~ ~ Q v o ~ R Q ~ ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ~ Q ~ Q J ~ ~ L L & ~ j n d l ~ ~ l ~ ~ 6 1 j l ~ ~ l
niqwaquoain~nnii (Act of Fealty) fio r n s d ~ i ~ r ~ o o u a ~ ~ ~ n u ~ d s ' n n ' n ~ d o ~ ~ i ' #dluuiua~u X ~ u m s d u i i u u l u i ~ i ~ i u i u 1 f i unrdquaiio f ianisr i i~ q a o ~ ~ d i
- d l ~~erro~s'nnnnmo~di1uuiuna~siu Bo his~flunni~d~u~umiu~on' i~u~1u5~~ufl~~n
u d u u 1, nisliiplaiu$nso~uriu'ilun~zu~unu~n~iu
2. ni5Qn'ndwad3zbua6o~huazndouipl?a L ~ U ni3~11d3in'u3nE.od~nviuRubm v d . u uosa1wo=5uu3mnlud5~10ddm1
3. ni3%nalu$~a33uuaz~m~uipl
hhass61
1. an'a~~nipl~od(~uii (Right of W oia0ia?ldun'n33u anmunuinmoa~ r a v d w
~mn5seinrjlu u a z l l m s d u j l r i u s s q ~ ~ n i ~ ~ f m ~ ~ o d ~ u . m d a ~ ~ ~ ~ q ~ ~ ~ ~ u 21 i] y m ~ a ~ a a i q
lu'~fiu 14 3 ~6idid~n~~~::nd~uiplsodd~ld~~at:~b~a~n*~1wadfzbuv~oind~u~undin1u1~oz dn c ussqQlnia:: ~6i~d6?uwadsJuvGoin~~~ldiuo~wmuuu u i ~ i i o r K ~ i o ~ ~ & ~ ~ m i u i m n r i i
d r 3. an~umsri1fi'iuod5ulM'~~n'a'a'111anul~ xi (Investiture) ~wonidszn'u iplaiuni3az
(Homage) ~oda'a~i~lnu1nddnaou?u~imu~duu'i~od~6i~~arnif~M'~aiuod?nn'n~ (Fealty)
aiui~~a~do?u~ldi$uo~ni3~Quu'i
4. 3nEm.r~iiond (Right of Marriage) h d ~ n ' a r i i o n ~ l G ~ ~ r i n ~ u i ~ u o ~ a ' a ~ i a L ~ Q
i l~~n 'u1u lGimsui~~ iwn '~~m~o~~61 ~dow~d~::buauil i~hu~aiudaomn"u~i~~~i~~flua"i~~
5 , an'anuiu (Escheat) 6iiljR01~~1igbncilrid~iuin ~6iZlllnE~auih nion.r&d w a d
a'a.niariifim6'yqi n~ori1oivcyin~~u~iu~b3d ainuan~~auiudgu ~ d u h " dn
6. an~dod6~ukiltidfiu (Relief) iiiiamai3uvama~ un:niuink~'a~nisd~u~u ,
$un? niui~~~uor6oddiun'ow~d~ ~fluhdo?$b~ri~6in'ou niuinuafiaa.m%a::i~n~~di
mtad$~u;ul6 4 d'd
7. ~n'adoi[~inh1d?u1uni31~~o~ad~~u (Fines nyo Alienation) %m3olur(
~ ~ w i z l u d ~ i r n ~ o j n ~ ~ ~ v i i w " u daek~aoo~~oin~b i uaidiuhidiuluni3lGdomtadd5u unbiulbei~fluro'7aodd8u~od (Tenants-in-Chief)
8, linfl65uiitljuauusn (Premier Seisin) n5ownds&ddno%'miil~5~::16oind~u~~ a, da U P Y O a
ndd q s r n ~ i ~ A a : i n i s ~ ~ ~ o u ~ ~ ~ i ~ a ~ i n ~us:u~?a~i~ilu?ram ~ ~ a m i u i n u ~ u ~ m u ~ ~ ~ u 611tidguui~ n ~ ~ d i ~ ~ ~ d i d ~ ~ d i d ~ d d u ' ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ a
,
nnmnmiiaa n m l n m n a h u ? a g a
s : u u ~ ~ a ~ n b u ' u n i s d n n s o d d n ~ : ~ i u h u i ~ ~ i n ~ u ~ n a i d o o f ~ ~ d ~ d a u ~ ~ n i n d d a oinnGm3i~dkpuui~mia1~~na'udi~q mn:~doI6?uuounssu~na~mub~6a u'no:I&?uuouuou
nuiuhuio2unis1lnnsod6au ~ u ' o ~ ~ i n n a i u y n w i r s : : ~ d i ~ ~ a ' i a o ~ d ~ ~ n ' u ~ a ' u ~ ~ ~ n u i u ~ ~ d d a w d d nssulnanmu IAiiinumI5o~i~is:~du1~~~uu~~wu $~ao~cliud3n8un:wuiwno~~~~d~u3
Q E ~ I J L A ~ ~m?m n i s ~ n n s o ~ f l n s : a i u i i u i o a n n ~ u ~ m i ~ i i K u ~ u l\r~ilinisdnn-jo~dd sr~iiuuunrddsr3n5niw ~ m u ~ ~ ~ i d ~ ~ u ~ d u i ( n ~ i d ~ ~ ~ ~ u b ~ u ~ i a ' d n i ~ d n ~ ~ ~ d a ~ d daunaid
~~iurTUW'U6smdi~~1~o~sun'~?a~dia~9uIdotli~~aa q g ~ ~ o ~ . 1 u I d I ~ i i u i o n 1 ~ n l ~ n ~ 5 ~ d ~ d l ~ ~ b w ' ~ ~ d b ~ d ~ ~ ~ b ~ ~ 1 d d ~ n b ~ ~ Fief aod?J~~ldMt$&fl ~ ' I U Z ? I Q ~ ~ ~ ~ Q L ~ U M % I
w a # d ~ M ~ ~ ~ L ~ Q G Q I ~ N I F ~ J ~ I ~ ~ O " I U I D ~ ~ A ~ Q S ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J ~ U W U L L ~ U W ~ 7 flJumndijlrl9lnglur:Idoin~iuz
w a r d 0 ao~iaaiad~ilupuuia.a"u;d ndiaFio n m s u u o i u i a t ~ m u i ~ b ~ d ~ ~ ~ m ~ b a r w ? w d ~ u a o ~ dsraiau~~wizIu~u~uf(Qu, Fief ~u~mums~ii'un~m36bdiu"u Idb Iurcmassd 11-12
w a r C n~m~ud~abnad~iuiou"aisiionim~d~ui~mu~~~i=:~ueli~ bbaria bmo flaod$(lll de France) d C L ~rh iu da~lu~bmu~1td~ndlu~~a'ubu q nudndnqTmbflu Fid ~ Q ~ ~ U ~ I ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ Q S Q I N I ~ ~ ~
dthm lmudnl i~ ic ic l&uaor~di I~~~~~ualmums~1~6~
n ~ a ~ n i ~ d n n . r o d ~ m u m s d a ~ ~ a ' ~ ~ u ~ : u u ~ a ~ a ~ u o ~ n ' u ~ ~ ~ i f l d (Manor) &nuiu!?d n r i a ~ ~ d a a i m l n n ~ s ~ ~ 1 0 ~ ~ a ~ ~ i l u Lord of the Manor ~ i o d i ~ ~ u ~ s : ~ a $ d w i ~ n i ~ d n ~ ~ o d
~nnsn~~s~?r i '~~u Iuo i~ i~aman~mu ~ ~ n ~ n i i ~ ~ i n n ~ s ~ i ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ w " a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ a = : ~ s ~ a i ? r u
n ~ w u i u m r a a r m u ~ ~ ~ a ~ n d ~ Customary Law
w e e ~ i i l w r i d ~ r i i i d i ~ ~ w i d n i s e l f l ~ s a d e l ~ t b w w6a idu b%iGnw ib f l~~mf l (King's Council)
$d1uuiuaaui~nzuiun9asiu ~ ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ 2 u ~ u i ( ~ n i s w i n ni.iiimiRau~G ~ n t ~ i 3 ~ ~ ~ 2 i ~ y ; f i s 3 u 8: 3.4 'LurrunRuah w~n?luui~mhfer~5iugbflua"a"dia (Vassal) ro;lauui;ldu q f l6 auauuu
~iu:md&~und sauhhdun~un i i~ndaw~ ' id~d~~~ d ? ~ ~ o n i ~ u b < i l ~ l n ~ ~ 6 u ~ u 1 ~ ~ ~ o u 6 d o ~Uu~Cilaosflauelsinis elsiaiw~4oo~q~iau u~ iu ioR~Pba i~ luZu~b~u~~n~~q~ ia6 l~ la~m~d
3.4 0 d4 & y, aun~uuueiuau~ammn~i~einn~udu Au "aiRniS~" un: "na iuu~~c ussmiauuw
auhu'nuqa ~flun$uddfiu3fians3uw1~~1~~7 namuurini3ul &noulaa3.ru ~do~einin~fluquinai~ao~~uau w~zu~zCnu~nu?d~dunuin1uni~ou~u^aw1o ~ ~ L & U A ~ I ~
v &dm douar~l%sl nd~~u?md~~n~~azn~idw'~u~~'IM'~~dni~gaub~ud3u'5au ~nunnudiuau uindunli A ~ ~ c i ~ l h n lhri d f i u ~ u i r i ~dod~zbuar lo~ iu i 1untuu.m q d~ d 0 nauuoiu?uu"ou w~zn"w'-Aiw'iui6au~r)u~o~ Piouid~~cinmo~~udfiu1M'a"aiiuauuin~~u
udn d ~ikdwmzldilszbuvu~anau~~~~~"o~~w~za~~oi~d#ou~u~~di~w~i::fia"a~uu"~g~uo~~inui
~~~lu2M'dfiusn5i~~~~1~di~~ud~zr~a~w'~~~~~idfiu~du-il~n'~~riusi~inldflonso~hd~zIuarl d'cr PI u n ~ i ~ m r i i u a ~ u g i u ~ ~ ~ u a " a ' ~ ~ i a ~ i ~ ~ i a u i uniuuorniiuaiYu puui~oi~o:u~Afiuui~d?u
d ~ ~ u a n a " a ~ M ' w ~ z ~ i a i ~ c u t ~ u w ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ s i a M~oL~ioi? idddn~l3od~~~af in19io~dd iaufid w-i~adnniw ~fluin.aiauo~~uui~d~flu9~si31 i i ? u t n ~ ~ n ~ r n ~ 1 l k i ~ i i u 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ u 3 n ' u
rzuuni.rdn~~o~uo~diu9~513in ~u~~iadiu~uuin~ddins"wsi1u~iaui L L ~ U I U ~ ~ L ~ ~ U & & A
w a ~wsizr iodni3noubnswadszbua~~~iu~dm~~iu uazainoflbu q ikunid~~umasl ~ ~ I A ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I I M ' P I I ~ ~ I A : ~ ~ ~ L ~ O B J ~ I ~ ~ B ~ J I U ~ ~ ~ uonoind w3zIulurnqu<n3fitlaudiKu'Iu
nis~nducliosn'erfienssuwi~fan 11~szuufl3Cafia~~3iu~aiu~r"~ o u n ~ z ~ ~ w ~ z 6 0 ~ ~ d i u i o'Rnisd?uaiiohunl3d3znidJifi ~un'nsu (Truce of God) luq~floilaon (Lent)
Ro 40 ~urioud~iu8rnnoido:flu~~ouduimu unzGiu.runinuiuwqM'nuW qni w i i n L.C. mroifinGocii~~Rnaia u3ninlJdgunniuiioiifi~aiu~~~u~~s~ ~ a z o i ~ a z ~ n ~ u ~ ~ n ~ i n
~ i a u i l i '
/
' Wallace K. Ferguson and Geoffrey Brum, A Survey of European ClvlUzatlon. (Boston : Houghton Miffin Company,
1958), P. 162.
i n ~ i i ~ (Week Work) iio ni~d~io-bio~n"iaiuoi5m6ar 3 i u Iud~uao~~uui~d
lisniiiiiiud (Demesnes) Ls~il~iuIu1fui damnlo niiu unaiiu~i(u? , ' 2
yudin (Boon Work) iio d i u ~ ~ i o ~ a a r ~ n ~ e n r i i d i u ~ b w w ~ f i u ~ u Mhr ni3nidili
n i ~ ~ i ~ u u i ~ n ' u I ~ u n q ~ i n ~ ~ ~ u u ~ u o 4 ~syinM'sui~n"r~IfluI3~ui ~~azwAmwaainIfui
qzuussuwswsi (Manorial S nuisid qruut~qu~fiouuuddrurad~na (Self-sufficiency) lug. nniadiin~
wiusinZww' la1°idi ~buwbwiai d o ~ r o ~ ~ u u i ~ lSsndi nq~iduuw
~aiw6aIduesssuwrwed
flq~iduuubwa$ (Manor ~<ilao~~~uu~uoiunasouRi? d ? u l n d ~ q m ~ f l ~ t ~ u t ~ o f ~ d a ~ ~ ~ , d ~ i t T ~ d m n lifiathuauuin
, r . d u s i n m ' a ~ o ~ w n u d ~ d s ~ u d s ~ m i m ' a g l ~ d n a m i ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ d ~ ~ s ~ i a ~ ~ ~ ~ i r i i ~ a f ( ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ n i m i edpl
nuuruofo;h6~unmb~a~izau rlauhdoz8d~duu~du?~ ninqninlloioanih~fiau1iY v5oriou.a~ douilu~3n6~1ma-~swd 11 1 ~ d ~ i ~ X i a R u o d i ~ d ~ w L ~ I I L ~ U Q ~ S J ~ ~ I I I ~
d d (Fortress) ilo~6upiR~oinnigluon fl~~i~ahsouqjs'lmn ~uouni~~iuni~hoonor21#1aanqcfl
newiw& (Drawbridge) lusiun~nsiu &rj[u~~uu~uoi ma13 611~1 uaminlinf(gu o r d Y w
ozhu~~~R'oo;~uuuuin~~ ' i~ud~ia~w~u~~uin~~s~u & M~GIW qJ (Village) danouAs iA Tun6 fiiuriou iiudiddo uazdu7 r ~ o i
uin~souuon~ll i ii~oinsi?nqnind~~uu~uaf utnol f inn~an~~oz~Cjunsr . f io~do~ oiriuvnmiaI~ maul nin~md~u b 3 C i a briilauufi 13~cnho ju c~nzQu n)?fliu .
~ndidfnniw~~l-J~?c~' iod~~u~~a~o~~m' fnisninlpn iffgl~M ~adidi io)i iudi~q 4 b-0 d au y m n ~ a o ~ d u ~ ~ d a z ~ ~ f l i u
' Easton, PP.540-1
d5u'kuiuui n~nd diniuriinia~md pn )~dn$i~dudbi iliIc ~ a z & ~azdu
d~u~uudaz~~dadaz~n~~ddoon~dudau q ~~ninusur~fluuuauia dundl an'nl [Stripe)
dauu*lnozi~ai uuiadazuisu 200 Luma ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ U I L ~ ~ U L L ~ ~ L L ~ J L P I ~ P I Q J R ~ ~ ~
%hdd (~emeanes) nuiufid f(~uhloironunuy d?u~ndauuid~.~iaodu~~u~uof q;
L ~ U ~ R ~ O U P I ~ Q J f idud~zddn~ i~ 1 .[u 6 fid 1 lu 3 PQJC(RU idnun iwanaidf maul
(Peasant) M ~ E I mi~~imA5u (Serf) uir i id iu~u~iud~f i~~f i~uui~ L~UL?RI 3 ?U lu 1 RIG
n u u h 3 &dad (Three-Fields System) ni.rudd~u~flu 3 udad 19~wirdpn d W a & iFis~ 2 udad ~iniida~nu~fi~w'nii~I?'iwd~lfliu~u~~a m~u1uqp)niadouin~u13d5u~~da~
ii~iwirdp~uhdrioul$~~uudaaduii~~~nu fiodi~idu
qwwiss&rn~uuwswsb (Lord of the Manor) oio~rfluau#u~dn?ownn1~i
a u u i ~ i ~ u u i u ~ ~ r ~ ~ g i u z m a i u d ~ k ~ ~ i n ~ ~ u d l d o ~ n " u d i u a ~ d ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~LUIJUIJP~U
' Carl Stephenson, Medieval History : Europe Prom the Second to the Sixteenth Century. (New York : Harper & Brother, 1951), PP.200-3.
h i d (Bailiff) ~ilu~4'inriidso~ &oidsz~iiuuu~uof r i in r i id~n isd~u~au~a
- uo~~uui~di iundi Zdud Wdi~tunis~wiidqn b ~ u ~ i f u a d a w a 1 ~ ~ n 6 ~ 9 m i u ~ ~ n i a Y d ~auqug~amsGi~iuao9aiaI+ aiaui imzninimdgu '~v~t1oumnuinl~i~su6au am-
u d a G i w u i n ~ d u d i n ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ u u i ~
'ir( (Reeve) ~~uri?nu'lnaurruau$u~aa"u8(~i11ein~)~ma~m~~onuioinau$u5a8u~~~~ ' nriidao$fi uic~:~~flulrlocii~~uEA U ~ U I J R ~ ~ A ~ ~ ] U I . H ~ I ~ ~ I ~ ~ I ~ ~ " I I Q ~ I ~ ~ A
fl?abb&Jubua$ (Manor court)' I
' Thompson P.345.
8 3
~ 1 f l L L ~ ~ L ~ ~ ~ L f l ~ L L ~ d ~ ~ 1 ~ ' b 6 d d 1 ~ ~ 2 1 ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ 1 9 ~ f l u n i s d ~ ~ ~ n ~ n ~ i j l ~ " d i ~ u i ~ ' b 6 ~ 1 ~
n ~ i u ~ 5 ; n ~ i n u ~ ~ t l ~ n " u u ' ~ ~ ~ i ~ 1 ~ i ~ ~ ~ v j ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ d d 1 ~ d ~ ~ u o a ~ 1 a uuu~uoiih Ijin?iu n -
$J nso~ari$n ~QI~'UIULLBJULUQ~ ~innisdgumlu'aoumi~'uuuts~~~~du U ~ ~ Z L W G"IIQJIL~~L d v w w D P C ~
~~uu~uoiuinniingnuiunnuunu (Common Laws) sJau~~u&a'bd n i?u~aYt l~n~~ia
uuu~uo$riijn~nyiu~~ubnnai~ d n ~ ~ i u u s s n ' ~ ~ i u ~ u n ~ i u in^ uazGjnuInI3~qu
ng~uloaa
nuu%ns (Chivalry)' nuiui;~ ~ w u s b u ~ ' i ~ 8 m u m ~ ~ u (Knight's Moral) *Jar
nriiGo n i d a : ~ I u ~ u (Knight) w ? o n u n n i u " u otiiodqmnuumnnnnlu
d s r n i ~ 1K~ibbt-i ,
U d l
I. nnudokk~innnnmow.r:c~au~gi unquui~~<iu iu
2. I ~ n ~ i u ~ ~ u ~ n i i o f i ~ n ~ ~ u ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ o u ~ b o nioqdpnnni) ~ d u yirac nua31
bin ~ ~ a z n u d ~ u l i 3. L~inwniuqZu3.iu 4. i jo~fhmiaui
rb ddd 5. dqor~uumnnouq du nriiniry ~almnr onnu qsliw QouTuu daduuii 'u
~ ~ n : d i 3 ~ u ~ u i ~ i o i
Yd U V ~uqnnn i~u uun~odoihn?ou'n~odbs!dn11?~1cl~~bfln80ndi npbd(~roubadours) mnn'uniw&nq$di Travelling Mistrels w?nddoim~r bu~uRn Rlp3Ull. l 416~ 1
u d d u dd % ~ ~ w n ~ n n o n i ~ ~ i i d o r dni.nriidodd?um?nbnu?n"un?ius"n nirworynonnu~6uiuuoaokiu ~ u ~ i u ~ & ~ ~ + i u i u rluui~nion~m~~nunniu"u n ~ n u ~ ~ d i d ; l ~ u l n ~ u i o i n ~bn~uon?bbmu
d u u (Aquitaine) nu?wuunuoirn:~dsnndrJ 4~ioun~o~di11~:riud~w~.ri:iiunii E n (Lyric)
e'ku night)' hrnw~nqwm.~dn'ukrh Chivalry ~uniwcltdbmn n u i u h
~ n n i l u q n n n i ~ ~ s i i u n i ~ ~ i u ~ ~ o u ~ u do~miuusi?~Iu~n3upIli ~ n ~ o i ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ u ~ u u i ~
Iu?UWU'~~MW'~
' Easton, PP.539-40.
' Thompson, P.323.
und 3 s ~ u u k ~ i s ~ u u u u ~ u o i u n ~ ~ ' u ~ ~ s ~ ) ~ 85
rn~~iluokiudiordioafln~'mni~1~11~'iiui~ pn13I.a'wvlo? unroi?adu 9 l u n i ~
d3:no~ynauunfljaj'i d d ~ d (squire) nai .rnu~QndabiA~wui~~Bu~naouym~ puui~mdiif riour~do~oiy~6- 14 ~~niula'od~~dougiur~~ua~n~s' Idouft~oiy 21 il lu3mii~dliludnqi o:k~fisiu~u~a'~uui~oeii~ln%pl ~du riinaiuaroipl~bo~n.iir oiler anrbn$o~a'~iid 9 vo;quuid ~p lmia~~uuid~n~dki~ 9 ~I/uii~iw"so~duw~in~nn'u~uui~
u dd n i ~ ~ i l u o n ~ u n p l w i o u o r 6 ~ ~ G ~ ~ i u a i u i ~ n ~ d ~ ~ ~ i . i t " s o ~ d u ~ u i n ~ n ~ n ' ~ 6 i ~ u ~ d o o i y n.iu 2 1
il n & o i n d u u ~ ~ r w ~ . i n E n ~ i d ' ~ 1 ~ ~ o ' ~ u l u ~ u ~ ~ r : ~ i l u u u i ~ n ~ o u i ~ o a n ~ m i s ~ 7 u ~ u i n m ~ ~ ~ ~ e rd ~ " ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L L ~ ~ J R ~ I M ' L B u c ~ u d~o::nnrii6ln~3~~uCdulu~uan c?nodaiitukR~lfl'~ilu~n^au
u-a'& o::~+id~nLi~ view J I ~ ~ ~ U W ~ Q ~ U U I ~ ~ ~ D ~ : I ~ ~ ~ I ~ I : L ~ ~ U U I ~ Q J C ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ X ~ ~ " ~ * ~ Q ~ ~ I (Accolate)
wioun'undiaii
u l ~ ~ 1 8 J ~ € I d ~ 3 Z b ~ ~ b 6 1 baud lu~i in n a e ~ h t i u a h L T I V ~ ~ ~ ~ J # J L ( J ' I ~ ~ ~ ~ L ~ U ; ~ ~ U
~ 6 i o s ~ ~ u m r n ~ i ~ i ~ oskrin.'dar<iuiu un~qmwdauhudqnm~~
("In the name of God, of St, Michael, and St. George, I made Thee a Knight,
be Valiant, Courteous and Loyal; Rise sir.,,~)'
okiua.-crqu~ba~n3ir Lnnzuvu Ln.riaiV ua:ipliu~~v~u~+~.o? niu~iIucicyiTnwi -A* 4
unmi?~n~iu~iluo'niu unzffoli~ilunuumnufii~~qm
niuao~okiu luynnni~~i luni~or io{ i~or i~ i~ IpluiXdg pliu n5o non~iluoi?a la' d A u u.4' Pio{d3:oiyuir;n'u uoridoui~uo~anissu~d6uu1d L~.nrdo\~annu~uuau ~du a;ui? (Long
? a~
~d~fluh;b3dL'n~f~Mai~~?d ~ ~ ~ I o L ~ u R J P ~ ~ I u ~ ~ ~ ~ u u ~ ~ ~ ~ P ~ " ~ Q ~ ~ ~ A ~ I u F ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d cy ' wni1lps'nl i . i~d1uio~~uu4~~~uuinru n7uimsausqu 5uumu~~ni$szaiaulfl~~u
nd' * or . r r v v n oirnd~oiriluan"~ ~~u i~~s~cna~naws~~r j~n~b i l su~~dudsz~an"~ l1du iua~u~a iu iu~~p1~ iu
d o r n ~ i j ~ ~ i ~ l p s ' ~ ~ u ~ ~ f i ~ ~ ~ u a m d i ~ i ~ a ~ ~ d ~ f l u a " i C u ~ ~ d ' ~ ~ ~ m n ~ a u n a " u ~ ~ u ~ u ~ ~ m a d i ~ i ~ ~ i n ~ u d'
~~i jdiuio~f imaim ~ B i ~ ~ z o ~ F i L i c r a ij~nn13dnm3o~~duvdi maua~y~mwyi~wEmad (Absoluted Monarchy) b~amu~iw1ob~il?gu6nair (Centralization) i i ?s~w~d 3mu
?ia6'aho~19 ~doua~~ i lud is i~
nia~iimsinrlwai
(Buroughs) h 6 ~ u ngu'BI5aw'dnn5od mubod ijr<i~iood8tlnli buruoi (Mayor) M?Q @ai!&f (Elderman)
u n r' w a r ' ~unai~oui rm$unai~b~6ld I 6 ~ a u n r j u n i i i a i u A u ~ ~ ~ w G o n i s a ~ ~ n ~ g s u rii~ps'nw3e
'u n r' ~Anlirsrsiahuiotfima~mluni~~u~flou uirilinlmssnuhuiodin'm (Limited Monarchy)
I
nia~iimni~ba~ramim (The Black ~eath) '
lupltnmmma3swd 14 mwl~ncrruimluql3d duuwfldoinninm:5uoon lmudwinz u dn Roniwumnmmo~n'uw~lufio~um'i 1usr:wli~ A.H. 1348-1350 Lilu~zuz~3ni 2 E ) niw13nA
~iimiu i i lG'a.1~~l~diiluaim~~uiiu3uuind~r:ui~ I l u 4 aodd.rzsin363qlh.1 u'ulbiii u ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ u ? l a d ~ ~ ~ m h ~ i i ~ ~ b a ~ w d q ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ l i r l a ' u Y ~ ~ ~ ~ f i riou A.H. 1400 n~iumiu
o i r i d n ~ o i n n i w r ~ ~ i i ~ ~ d ~ r : " d i a u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ i ; ; u u i n ~ u i i d 1 tu 3 rodd~ainsqTsiJ ~du
aiab$odflnod (Florence) amaa+ainbiu-ru 90,000 nuLflu 45,000 nu ~131ffod~ul
' John Palen, The Urban World. 4 th.ed., (New York : McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992), PP.45-7.
a William L. Langer, "The Black Death" in Klngley Davis, Cities, Thek Origin, Growth and Human Impact : Readings from Scientific American. (San Francisco : Freeman, 1973), P.145.
und 3 .rzuugw~a ruurruuruoi u f i
(Siena) amadoin 42,000 nu bqu 15,000 nu ai?kioduaub6+n (Hamburg) Q~I ,%I
&nuirfinrwqni3d (Chroniclers) Guflnl.ili nii~li~niswn~nuiu nqiu~dou w db ~nassuunrnaiudsrwq~bd~u~~tla~d$nuauer~uo~n"~'bd lub!otnoumou dsrmfiojhqu
George Deauz, The Black Death. (New York : Weybright and Talley, 1969), P.lOg.
