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UWKA and WCR
Data summaries, issues, problems, availability, etc
WCR data processing : Dave Leon, Sam Haimov, Rick Damiani
UWKA data processing: Glenn Gordon, Perry Wechsler, Larry Oolman
Students: Qun Miao (PhD), Tim Trudel (MS)
http://flights.uwyo.edu/ihop02/
date UWKA data
location WCR times UTC
WCR modes* comments WCR echo strength
CI Coordination with
P-3 Falcon S-POL armada
5/22 all OK Homestead 21:45-23:43 VPDD (5), UD (2),P (2)
Clear dryline, with deeper drier BL to the west
good none + - + +Tornado
radar
5/24 all OK Shamrock 18:53-21:13 VPDD (7), UD (4) 6 dryline transects (2 at low levels), 11 cold-front transects (4
at low levels)
very good east of cold front, but aligned with it
+ + - +
6/02 Heiman dead
Garden City 21:07-23:30 UP (3), P (1), nadir beam dead
2 microbursts, some hi-based precip
poor none + - - -
6/03 Heiman dead
Liberal 17:14-20:4122:33-23:45
VPDD (11), UD (2) 12 legs across a weakening cold front, 1 leg along it
mediocre none + - + + mips
Tornado radar
6/9 all OK Guymon [17:00-19:09] all beams dead 1 long E-W low-level leg into NM, 3 UWKA soundings
- none + - - +
6/10 all OK north of Dodge City
[18:56-22:20] all beams dead line-normal stack, 11 legs between 160-1500 m AGL,
plus 2 soundings
- vigorous, within IOR + - - +
6/12 all OK east of Homestead
17:50-22:00 VPDD (15), UD (4) N-S line-normal stack, none parallel to the ‘fat-line’
good on a fine line, east of the boundary we
sampled
+ - + +
6/15 all OK Dumas 17:39-20:57 VPDD (8), UD (4) E-W line-normal stack, none parallel of the diffuse boundary
mediocre none + + (+) +
6/18 all OK Sublette 17:48-22:03 VPDD (6), UD (6) ESE-WNW line-normal stack, none parallel; followed retreating
line well
mediocre within IOR, but benign
+ - - +
6/19 all OK Goodland 17:48-22:03 VPDD (7), UD (3), UP (4), P(1)
ESE-WNW line-normal stack, one excellent parallel leg
good excellent CI sampled + - - +
Summary case study priorities
5/24: highest priority6/19: high priority6/12: priority5/22, 6/3, 6/15, 6/18: possible use
(more for intercomparison than for CI case study)Other CI data (purple in previous table): no interest
Wyoming Cloud Radar
95 GHz (3 mm) - Doppler
c
c
WCR through nadir port
Vertical-Plane Dual-Doppler
w = -Vn -winsects
u = Vf - Vn - uinsects
sin tan
--> extract circulation (u,w) below AC
name mode antenna PRF (kHz) pulse (ns) # rg r (m) Rmax (m) Flight legs (height AGL)
A-250-SPP SPPmag side 20 225 150 30 4500 CI – along @ ~200 m [default]
A-PP4 PPmag4 side 10/15/20 225 150 30 4500 CI – along @ ~200 m [try]
A-500-SPP SPPmag side 10 500 150 50 7.5 km CI – along @ ~200 m [try]ABL - @ 0.55 & 0.8 Zi [try]CI – across @ 0.6 Zi [try]
low-SPP SPPmag up 20 225 150 15 2250 CI – across @ ~200 m [default]ABL – 50 m & 0.25 Zi [default]bore @ 300 m [default]
X-lo-PP4 PPmag4 VPDD 20 225 100 15 1500 CI – across @ 0.6 Zi [default]ABL – @ 0.55 Zi and 0.8 Zi [try]
X-hi-PP4 PPmag4 VPDD 20(10 between bursts)
225 100 30 3000 (z)2600 (xz)
CI – across and box @ 1.5 Zi [default]ABL – @ 0.5 Zi [try]ABL – @ 1.2 Zi [default]
M-PP4 PPmag4 nadir/up 20(10 between bursts)
225 100 15 1500 up 1500 dn
ABL – @ 30 m [when feeling lousy]ABL – @ 0.5 Zi [default]CI – across @ 0.6 Zi [try]
Add, only if velocity folding is a problem:
X-hi-PP6 PPmag6 VPDD 15 & 20 staggered
225 150 20 3000 CI – across and box @ 1.5 Zi [try]CI – across @ 0.6 Zi [try]bore @ 0.8, 1.6, 2.4 km [default]
WCR operational modes
WCR/UWKA data• Most WCR data processed at this time
– netcdf – time-corrected– corrected for aircraft motion– bad data due to radio-interference corrected or omitted
• UWKA probe data at 1 Hz and 25 Hz• Plans for higher level WCR reflectivity and velocities
– focus on a few key CI days– probably structured 1 file = 1 flight leg– probably downgraded (eg 30 Hz to 2 Hz)– possibly merged dataset (WCR + UWKA, same time stamp)– probably not:
• 2D gridded• Dual-Doppler synthesized
Examples:
May 24
June 19
19:43
19:52
UWKA
19:42 UTC
AMA
cold front
dryline
WCR up-looking, flight level 165 m
N
24 May
5/24, 21:07 UTC
Total leg length: 12 km
frontal motion
Flight level: ~2300 m AGL
20:10 ZVPDD
cold front below
@ 20:09 Z
cold front and dryline have collapsed
SSE164
NNW344
front & drylinemoist air cold air
frontal motion
Aspect ratio : 2:1
WCR nadirantenna reflectivity
Time (UTC)
Flight level: 2300 m AGL
Height below flight level(m)
dBZ
20:21:50 - 20:25:40
frontal motion
frontkm
possibly stratus clouds
km
-5
-45
dBZ
SSE164
NNW344
6 8
frontal motion
SE120
NW300
frontal motionkm
20:27:00 - 20:30:48
20:42:43 - 20:46:18
ESE164
SE135
NW315
Height aboveflight level(m)
frontal motionflight level: 360 m AGL total length: 11.2 kmaspect ratio: 1:1
WNW344
19:33 - 19:35:33
21:06:36-21:13:20
ESE110
WNW290
frontal motion This is a cloud whose towering tops had grown well above 4 km AGL, part of a line of storm cells aligned with the cold front
Deep convection develops 9 km ahead of sfc cold front
9 km
Gravity waves in the cold-frontal stratus
21:32
21:05 21:15
w
mixing ratio
e
wind direction
20:03
20:06 UWKA
wind shift
19 June
‘dryline’
0
500
1000
1500
2000
height AGL (m)
UWKA flight level (~880 m)
wind direction
mixing ratio
e
SE NW
4 m/s1 m/s 1 m/s
11 km
19 June
vertical velocity
mixing ratio
21:22 - 21:25 UTC
flight level: 1280 m MSL( 300 m AGL)
wind shift
‘dryline’
21:18 UTClooking SE
June 19
N
relative humidity
mixing ratio
e
SENW
buoyant plume!
1.5 km displacementplume on the dry side
‘dryline’
21:37
21:33
Deep convection pops up on the moist side, some 10 km east of the fine line
wind shift
UWKA
19 June
‘dryline’
0
1000
2000height AGL (m)
UWKA flight level (~745 m)
wind direction
mixing ratio
e
13.6 km
19 June
Signal overwhelmed by rain drops
SENW
w
RH
Research objectives
• Understand WCR echo plumes (mainly BLH)– vertical structure (echo and velocity) – compare vertical velocities (UWKA vs WCR)– document buoyancy and moisture anomalies– interpret the BL dynamics, possibly in relation to land surface
heterogeneity
• CI case studies– background info (sondes, satellite, ELDORA, ground radars)– focused on WCR & UWKA data
• Structure and evolution• Kinematics (updraft, VPDD)• Dynamical interpretation
– priorities: May 24, June 19 (, June 12, …)
May 31 – BLH mission – 38 km total length – 1:1 aspect ratio
Vertical velocity structure & bias
May 19 – vertical velocity field
questions
• Quiescent BL (BLH-BLE)– Are bug plumes thermals? – Do bug plumes transfer moisture/heat?– Do bugs oppose the updraft in which they are embedded?– What is the vertical velocity structure within plumes?– How do plumes evolve and/or move?– How do plumes behave spatially (spacing, width, geographic preference …)?– How does plume location relate to BL structure (shear, depth, land surface
properties?
• CI case studies• WCR and UWKA documented structure and evolution• Kinematics (updraft, VPDD)• Dynamical interpretation: what triggers deep convection?
– priorities: May 24, June 19 (, June 12, May 22, June 3…)