Uzbekistan 1996: Results from the Demographic and Health SurveySource: Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Mar., 1999), pp. 83-87Published by: Population CouncilStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/172308 .

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DATA

Uzbekistan 1996: Results from the

Demographic and Health Survey

Introduction

The Uzbekistan Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS), was conducted by the Institute of Obstetrics and

Gynecology, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbek- istan, Tashkent City, within the framework of the DHS

Program of Macro International. Data for the UDHS were collected from 3,703 households and complete interviews were conducted with 4,415 women aged 15-49. The in- terviews took place between 24 June and 12 October 1996. The UDHS is the first national-level population and health survey ever conducted in Uzbekistan.

The summary statistics presented below were taken from the Uzbekistan country report,' with exceptions as noted.

1.1 General characteristics of the population Percent

Characteristic 1965 1985 change

Demographic Population size (mil.) 10.3 18.1 +75.7 Crude birth rate (/1,000) 40.1 35.6 -11.2 Crude death rate (/1,000) 11.3 7.5 -33.6 Population growth rate (%/year) 3.32 2.48 -25.3 Life expectancy (years) 61.6 67.2 +9.1 Socioeconomic GNP per capita ($) - 1,350a - Adult literacy (%) - na

Sources: See notes 2 and 3. na = Not available. "GNP per capita is given for 1991.

1.2 Percentage distribution of women surveyed, by educational level, according to residence

Residence Educational level Rural Urban Total' a. Primary/secondary 73.2 48.6 63.8 b. Secondary-special 20.5 33.6 25.5 c. Higher 6.2 17.8 10.7

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 (N) (2,722) (1,693) (4,415)

Fertility 2.1 Fertility trends

8

6 a)

o

2

0

E UN estimates I Survey estimate

1955-60 '60-65 '65-70 '70-75 '75-80 '80-85 '85-90 1993 -96

Year

2.2 Fertility differentials, 1992-95

6

t4

Q)

-5 a)

? 2

0

2.8

Rural Urban

Residence

a b c

Educational level4

2.3 Age-specific fertility Years prior to survey

Age 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19

15-19 56 53 53 53 20-24 277 293 298 308 25-29 204 258 289 299 30-34 123 158 201 (238) 35-39 44 76 (107) na 40-44 15 (46) na na 45-49 (8) na na na

Note: Age-specific fertility is measured in births per 1,000 women per year in each age group. Numbers in parentheses are partially truncated rates. na = Not available.

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- 3.7 3.5

2.7

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Fertility Preferences

3.1 Mean ideal number of children, by age and number of living children for all women

5.7

4.6 4.2 4.4 4.2/

3.9 3.7 / 3.6

3.5 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2

3.1

Current Contraceptive Use

4.1 Contraceptive prevalence differentials

100 c .o 90 c 3 80

* 70 C

| 60 E o 50 ,. 40

0 4 30 a) 20 0 a) 10

0

- Modern methods - I I Traditional methods

-

55.1

56.4 60.7 58.1 55.6 -55.1 56.4 53.0

/^ / /1^ ^ I

Rural Urban Residence

a b c Educational level 4

Total

4.2

51.3

20-24 30-34 40-44 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

15-19 25-29 35-39 45-49 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+

Age Number of living children*

*Includes current pregnancy.

3.2 Desire to stop childbearing among currently married women, by number of living children

100

I a) b o 80 E O

O 40

C a) 20 0 a) Q.

0 2 3 4 5 Number of living children*

*Includes current pregnancy. **lncludes sterilized women.

3.3 Percentage distribution of births in the three years preceding the survey, by planning status, according to birth order, 1996

Birth order*

Planning status 1 2 3 4+ All Wanted then 98.8 94.8 92.2 90.4 94.7 Wanted later 0.3 4.0 4.1 2.2 2.4 Want no more 0.2 0.6 1.7 6.9 1.9 Missing 0.8 0.7 2.0 0.5 0.9 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (N) (555) (497) (291) (355) (1,697) *Includes current pregnancy.

4.2 Contraceptive prevalence, by age and number of living children

c 100 a) E 90 0

80 (4./

70 64.2 62 64.

70 68.9 62.5 4 68.5 E 60 E 55.1 50

40 42.3 35. 35.4

o 30

20 15.8

0o 10 . 0 I 20 24 30T34 , 40144 , 5.6

15-19 25-29 35-39 45-49 0 1 2 3 4+

Age Number of living children

4.3 Percentage distribution of current users of modern methods, by most recent source of supply, according to method

Method Female

Injec- Con- sterili- Source Pill IUD tables dom zation All Public sector 88.3 98.7 100.0 96.5 100.0 98.3 Hospital 25.3 57.8 33.0 0.0 100.0 54.8 Polyclinic 8.6 14.5 31.5 1.8 0.0 14.2 Women's consulting center 15.3 18.9 15.2 2.5 0.0 17.8 Pharmacy 25.7 2.0 11.0 89.6 0.0 5.9 Community health worker 3.5 0.5 1.1 2.6 0.0 0.7 Other 10.0 5.0 8.2 0.0 0.0 5.0 Private medical sector 2.8 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.3 Pharmacy 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.2 Other 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Other private sector 8.9 0.1 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.4 Acquaintences/famlies 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 Other 2.6 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.2 No information 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (N) (52) (1,440) (44) (54) (24) (1,614)

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Contraception Marital and Contraceptive Status

5.1 Knowledge, ever use, and current use of methods 6.1 Percentage distribution of women, by current among currently married women (percent) marital status, according to age

Know Ever Currently Age Method method used using Marital status 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 Total

Any modern method 95.5 64.9 51.3 Never married 87.0 22.8 5.2 1.9 1.2 0.4 1.4 24.9 Pill 75.7 6.2 1.7 In union 12.8 74.3 90.1 91.6 92.6 90.6 85.0 70.2 IUD 95.0 58.7 45.8 Divorced/separated 0.2 2.7 4.5 4.0 3.3 4.2 5.9 3.0 Injectables 63.7 3.0 1.4 Widowed 0.0 0.2 0.3 2.6 2.8 4.7 7.8 1.8 Condom 54.1 10.9 1.7 Fema sterilization0. .7 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Female sterilization 26.8 0.7 0.7 Any traditional method 39.0 15.8 4.2 (N) (981) (806) (710) (624) (561) (422) (310) (4,415) Withdrawal 28.0 11.5 2.8 Periodic abstinence 26.0 6.0 1.1 Douche/other 5.2 2.8 0.4 Any method 95.7 67.9 55.6

5.2 Percentage distribution of currently married women who are nonusers, by intention to practice contraception in the future, according to number of living children

6.2 Differentials in median age at first birth

I All women 25-49 (21.6)

Number of living children* Intention 0 1 2 3 4+ Total Never used Intend to use in next 12 months 2.5 18.9 17.0 10.1 7.0 12.4 Intend to use later 34.0 20.8 13.5 8.8 2.2 13.6 Unsure as to timing 1.2 3.2 1.1 0.0 0.4 1.3 Unsure as to intention 23.0 16.9 14.2 11.0 10.5 14.2 Do not intend to use 35.1 28.8 23.8 30.0 37.8 30.8

Previously used Intend to use in next 12 months 1.6 2.8 12.4 15.7 12.4 9.4 Intend to use later 2.3 3.9 7.2 9.9 3.3 5.3 Unsure as to timing 0.0 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.5 Unsure as to intention 0.4 1.8 2.5 4.8 2.8 2.6 Do not intend to use 0.0 2.5 7.7 9.6 22.8 9.8 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 *Includes current pregnancy.

5.3 Percentage distribution of all women who are nonusers,* by reason for nonuse, according to age

Age Reason for nonuse <30 30-49 Total

Infrequent sex 2.3 7.2 5.5 Menopause/hysterectomy 0.5 20.1 13.1 Subfecund/infecund 5.7 9.3 8.1 Want children 51.5 6.0 22.1 Opposed to family planning 19.2 34.0 28.7 Partner opposed 8.1 7.9 8.0 Religion 0.8 0.0 0.3 Lack of knowledge 5.6 1.4 2.9 Know no source 0.0 0.4 0.3 Health concerns 3.0 8.8 6.8 Fear side effects 0.0 0.3 0.2 Cost 0.0 0.4 0.2 Inconvenient to use 0.0 0.1 0.1 Interferes with body 0.2 0.1 0.2 Other 0.5 1.3 1.0 Don't know 2.6 2.6 2.6 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 (N) (198) (362) (559) *Refers to women who are not using contraceptives and who do not intend to use them in the future.

/// ////// _//////////////////// / Rural(21.2)

///zJ/.//-Jz/////J///zf. z//////////// ..l. .__ _. Residence

A// U////////^^^^ Urban (22.2)

/a///////////////////////////////// a (21.0)

W//////y////////////////////////////m b (22.1) Educational level4

/^////////A///////J///,///' c (23.5) I I

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Median age at first birth, women 25-49

6.3 Union and contraceptive status

Previously in union* 4.8%

In union/ use contraceptives

55.6%

In union/ not using contraceptives 14.7%

*Divorced, separated, or widowed.

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Postpartum Variables 7.1 Differentials in duration of breastfeeding

17.9

_g

15.7

I Rural Urban

Residence

18.0

I

16.3

13.2

n17

a b c Educational level4

17.3

Total

7.2 Median duration of postpartum interval

Breastfeeding (17.3)

U)z^ ^ ^ ^ Nnuetl*2. co /////i//// / Amenorrheic (19.2)

E

0. 7/A Nonsusceptible* (20.8) (/) 0 Q.

Abstinent (5.7)

.l I . I ... I 1 .1, .1I .1 I

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Median duration (months)

*Amenorrheic and/or abstaining.

35

Infant Mortality 8.1 Infant mortality trends

100 - [- UN estimates

88 809_ I Survey estimate

80 79 o) -... -, " 70

- : - .=.63 660 _ - _ - 58

- -

: -

45 50 4 4

E 0 "44 43 --

i m m p 36

t 25 -

0 ; o . . . _ . .

Rural Urban a b c Tot

Residence Educational level4

8.3 Children ever born, surviving, and proportion dead*

1955-60 '60-65 '65-70 '70-75 '75-80 '80-85 '85-90 1992-9, Year

8.2 Infant mortality differentials, 1986-96 75 -

51

6

al

Mean number of children

Age of Ever Proportion mother born Surviving Dead dead

15-19 0.54 0.49 0.05 0.09 20-24 1.22 1.16 0.06 0.05 25-29 2.33 2.18 0.15 0.06 30-34 3.32 3.15 0.17 0.05 35-39 4.25 3.98 0.27 0.06 40-44 4.66 4.35 0.31 0.07 45-49 4.94 4.62 0.32 0.06

Total 3.06 2.87 0.19 0.06

*Among currently married women.

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Health: Disease, Prevention, and Treatment

9.1 Percentage of children 12 to 23 months of age who have received specific vaccines, by residence and mother's educational level

Percent receiving vaccines All

Characteristic BCG DPT (3) Polio (3)* Measles vaccines Total 97.6 94.4 96.2 91.5 85.0 Residence

Rural 97.8 96.8 98.0 94.7 89.3 Urban 97.1 88.9 92.0 83.9 74.8

Educational level a. Primary/secondary 96.4 95.2 96.6 91.8 83.7 b. Secondary-special 99.6 95.6 95.5 92.7 88.6 c. Higher 98.9 85.2 96.0 85.2 82.5

*The coverage for DPT for children without vaccination cards is assumed to be the same as that for polio when the mother has reported that her child has been vacci- nated against polio.

9.2 Percentage of children younger than three years with diarrhea in two weeks prior to survey, and of those, percentage consulting health facility and percentage receiving different ORT treatments, by residence and mother's educational level

ORT treatment Diarrhea in Consult In-

past two health ORS Home creased Characterstic weeks facility packets solution fluids No ORT Total 5.2 34.0 31.3 8.5 77.1 13.2 Residence

Rural 3.7 na na na na na Urban 8.5 na na na na na

Mother's education a. Primary/secondary 4.6 na na na na na b. Secondary-special 6.0 na na na na na c. Higher 6.4 na na na na na

na = Not available. ORS = Oral rehydration salts.

9.3 Percentage distribution of births in the three years prior to survey, by type of assistance during delivery, according to residence Type of assistance Rural Urban Total

Doctor 91.6 98.9 93.8 Nurse/trained midwife 4.8 1.1 3.7 Relative/other 3.0 0.0 2.1 Nobody 0.6 0.0 0.4 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 (N) (963) (428) (1,392)

Nutritional Status: Anthropometric Measures

10.1 Percentage undernourished among children younger than three years according to children's weight- for-height measure, by residence and mother's educational level

Acute malnutrition' Characteristic Severe Moderate/severe Total 2.8 11.6 Residence

Rural 3.1 12.2 Urban 2.2 10.2

Educational level a. Primary/secondary 3.5 13.9 b. Secondary-special 1.7 9.5 c. Higher 1.4 3.3

10.2 Percentage undernourished among children younger than three years according to children's height- for-age measure, by residence and mother's educational level

Chronic malnutrition5 Characteristic Severe Moderate/severe Total 14.0 31.3 Residence

Rural 13.9 30.7 Urban 14.3 32.6

Educational level a. Primary/secondary 16.3 33.8 b. Secondary-special 11.0 29.4 c. Higher 7.6 20.8

,w~a

Notes 1 Uzbekistan Demographic and Health Survey (Institute of Obstetrics

and Gynecology, Uzbekistan, and Macro International, Calverton,

MD, September 1997). The UDHS 1996 used a nationally repre- sentative probability sample of women aged 15-49.

2 United Nations, "World population prospects 1990," Population Studies, No. 120 (1991).

3 World Bank, World Development Report, 1992 (New York: Ox-

ford University Press, 1992).

4 Key for education level: a = primary/secondary; b = secondary-

special; c = higher.

5 Based on comparison with NCHS/CDC/WHO international ref-

erence. Children two or more standard deviations below the me-

dian of the reference (2.3 percent expected) are considered mod-

erately or severely undernourished; those three or more standard

deviations below the reference (0.1 percent expected) are severely undernourished.

This information was compiled by the Population Council in coopera- tion with Macro International, from the results of the the Uzbekistan

1996 Demographic and Health Survey.

Volume30 Number 1 March 1999 87

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