Woodward-ClydeConsultantsEngineering t sciences ftpptied to the earth t its environment
January 31, 1994 * A ffjffl91C2628-1
Mr. S. Andrew Sochanski *U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . ;Region IE -841 Chestnut Building \ . • ' ' 'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
Re: RWP, FSP, QAPjP, and HASP ,Former Koppers Company, Inc., Newport Site •Newport, Delaware
Dear Mr. Sochanski: , v;
On behalf of Beazer East, Inc. (Beazer) and E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company,Inc. (DuPont), Woodward-Clyde Consultants (WCC) are submitting 8 copies of theRevised Work Plan (RWP), Field Sampling Plan (FSP), Quality Assurance Project Plan(QAPjP), and Health and Safety Plan (HASP). In addition, two copies are being sentdirectly to the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Conservation (DNREC),These plans have been revised due to comments presented by the U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA) in the August 24,1993 comments letter. Beazer and DuPonthave addressed1 the issues presented in the referenced letter, as, resolved at theDecember 15,1994 meeting and summarized in the January 3,1994 letter from the EPA,The RWP, FSP, and HASP are complete copies. However, as agreed at theDecember 15,1993 meeting, only two complete copies of the QAPjP have been sent toyou; all other copies of the QAPjP exclude sections of the plan that were not revised(Appendices A, B, C, E, and F). We request that the recipients of incomplete copiesof the QAPjP replace the former sections in the plan binders with the enclosed revisedsections, and discard the supplanted sections.
A summary table has been supplied with each of the plans to guide the reader to thesection and page where revisions have been made relative to the EPA comment. Pleasenote that some revisions were made based on discussions at the meeting that were notpresented in the January 3,1994 summary letter. These have been noted on the table.To further facilitate your review of the plans one copy of the text of each of the planshas been marked to show deletions of former text (cross-outs) and insertions of new text(underlines), and is included with this submittal. In addition, in response to a commentmade on the QAPjP, a recent performance evaluation conducted on Wadsworth/AlertLaboratories, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, has been submitted to you with these plans.
Regarding wetland delineation, the Revised Work Plan (June 23, 1993) provided thatBeazer and DuPont would utilize the Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual(U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Technical Report Y-87-l)(" 1987 Manual"), which theJanuary 1993 Corps of Engineers - EPA Memorandum of Agreement requires to be usedfor wetlands delineation. In its August 24, 1993, comments on, the Revised Work Planletter, EPA stated that the "Federal Manual for Identification and Delineation ofJurisdictional Wetlands" (Federal Interagency Committee for Wetlands Delineation,1989) ("1989 Manual") must be used for wetlands delineation for risk assessment Atour December 15 meeting, Beazer an DuPont proposed performing wetlandsdelineations using both manuals. In its January 3, 1993 letter, the Agency advised thatboth manuals may be used but that EPA would use the 1989 manual to delineatewetlands for risk assessment It is Beazer's and DuPont's understanding that thedelineation based upon the 1989 Manual will not be used for any other purpose,including, but not limited to, Jurisdictional delineation, and that the delineation basedupon the 1987 Manual will be used for such purposes. We reserve our right to invokedispute resolution with respect to the use of delineation based on the 1989 manual forany purpose, including, but not limited to risk assessment
We look forward to progressing with this program: If you have any questions that willfacilitate your review, please do not hesitate to call. , ,
Robert G. EhlenbergerProject Geologist Project Manager
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1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 1-112 SITE BACKGROUND 1-2U PROJECT SCHEDULE 1-21.4 DEFINITION OF OBJECTIVES 1-2
?.0 SAMPLING AND FIELD PROCEDURES 2-1' • ' . " . " .2.1 SCOPE OF WORK • ' • 2-12.2 QUAUHCATIONS OF SAMPLING
PERSONNEL 2-123 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION 2-12.4 FIELD RECONNAISSANCE 2-22.5 SHE SURVEY 2-32.6 AMBIENT AIR SURVEY 2-4 \J2.1 TERRAIN CONDUCTIVITY SURVEY 2*4 >2.8 DRILLING PROGRAM - GENERAL SPEQFICATIONS 2-7
, 2.8.1 Utility Clearances and Drilling Requirements 2-72.8.2 Decontamination Protocol 2-72.8.3 Protection of Water Yielding Zones 2-8
An Administrative Order of Consent (Consent Order) has been executed (effective dateOctober 4, 1991) between Beazer East, Inc., (Beazer), E.I. du Pont de Nemours andCompany, Inc. (Du Pont) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA), Region III to perform a Remedial Investigation (RI) and a Feasibility Study (FS)at the former Koppers Company, Inc. Newport Site (Site) in Newport, Delaware. Thework for the Site will be conducted as a joint effort between Beazer and Du Pont. This
_v document presents Woodward-Clyde Consultants' (WCC) Field Sampling Plan (FSP) forwork related to the Site. Hie purpose of this document is to detail methods and
i ' procedures for conducting field work which are scientifically and legally defensible and^ will meet data quality objectives (DQO) for the Site. This FSP is to be used in
conjunction with the RI/FS Work Plan, QuaUty Assurance Project Plan (QAPjP) and theSite Health and Safety Plan (HSP). The FSP details the methods, equipment and
' procedures for carrying out all field work including drilling; soil, sediment, groundwatcrand surface water sampling; air and terrain conductivity surveys; and decontaminationprocedures. Project Technical Guidances (PTGs), included as Appendix A of this FSP,describe methodologies .commonly used, such as sampling, sample handling, andequipment decontamination which will be used. .The Work Plan is the mechanism by
. which site activities will be planned. Acceptance of the Work Plan by EPA constitutesapproval of site activities. A detailed discussion of the schedule for these activities ispresented in Section 8.0 of the Work Plan.
The Site was formerly a wood preserving (treatment) facility The Site is situated on a317-acre parcel of land located in the northern part of New Castle County, Delawareoutside the Town of Newport. A regional location plan is presented as Figure 1. WhiteClay Creek and the Christina River border the Site to the southwest and southeast,respectively. Hershey Run, a tributary to White Clay Creek, borders the Site to the
. west Wetlands are associated with each of these three waterways. Figure 2 presents
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. .a historical facility operations map. Figure 3 presents a delineation of the potentialareas of interest which have been identified on the Site. An environmentalcharacterization of the Site will be performed relative to these areas.
12 SITE BACKGROUND
Background information, a review of previous studies, and a review of currently availableaerial photographs are presented in Section 2.0 of the Revised Work Plan, RemedialiInvestigation/Feasibility Study, Koppers Company, Inc., Newport Site (WP) prepared byWCC and dated May 7, 1993.
13 PROJECT SCHEDULE
A detailed discussion of the project schedule is presented in Section 8.0 of the WP. Theschedule for many project tasks will be determined by the date of approval of the WPby EPA.
1.4 DEFINITION OF OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the RI program is to gather data necessary to: perform a HumanHealth and Environmental Evaluation (Risk Assessment) for the Site; evaluate thepossible need for Site remediation and, if needed, to allow for an evaluation ofappropriate remedial methods. In order to best utilize the data generated during the RIto support the decision making process, a clear definition of the RI objectives andprocedures for data collection is required. The specific objectives of the RI activities atthe Site are to:
• Identify and characterize the nature and extent of the contaminants in air,groundwater, surface water, soils and sediments.
• Collect data adequate to assess the extent to which the detectedconstituents of interest pose a threat to the public health, welfare, or theenvironment.
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• Define the extent or Jurisdictional wetlands on-Site.
• Develop a Conceptual Site Model (CSM) and refine it based on actualfield data, to identity potential sources, to evaluate migration pathways,and to identity potential human and environmental receptors.
• , ' . ' • . ' '• Produce appropriate, sufficient and defensible data to assess human health
. and environmental risks, to evaluate the extent of possible remediationwhich may be required, and if needed, to support the development andevaluation of remedial action alternatives. ' .
* Characterize cultural and historical resources on-Site.
In order to accomplish these objectives, a series of field tasks will be performed tocollect the necessary data on existing Site conditions and characteristics. Descriptionsof these tasks are presented in the following sections.
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2.0SAMPLING AND FIELD PROCEDURES
2.1 SCOPE OF WORK .
The scope of work for the Site is detailed in the WP and repeated here in the contextof data collection methods. WCC will be responsible for ensuring that the project is incompliance with applicable federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations.Because this project is a CERCLA project, obtaining permits may not be required, butthe intent of the regulatory requirements will be met.
The personnel responsible for sampling and other field activities will have the experiencefor sampling the different matrices. They will have read and become familiar with theappropriate QAPjP and FSP sections. They will be cognizant of the importance andlevel of quality control that must be maintained in order to produce representativesamples. The level of completeness hinges on the proper collection of samples;therefore, sampling activities shall be appropriately monitored throughout the Siteinvestigative activities at the Koppers Newport Site by QA/QC personnel,
23 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
The field investigation includes a number of tasks. Each task will be performed inaccordance with Site-specific methods and project technical guidance. All samplescollected at the site will be grab samples unless otherwise identified in the specifictechnical guidance presented in this document. The following sections discuss each taskand the Site specific procedures to be followed. Appendix A contains technical guidancefor each method discussed.
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2.4 FIELD RECONNAISSANCE
The initial task of the field program will be a field reconnaissance (recon). The overallobjective of the recon is to gain a better understanding of existing Site conditions as theyrelate to the sampling program.
The following items will be considered during the field recon:
• Identify general cover types on Site
• Locate specific areas of stressed vegetation and visible staining ,
• > Gain a better understanding of surface drainage and the limit of tidal„ •• influence
• Evaluate drill rig access and identify logistical issues which could hamperperformance of the field investigation
As part of the field recon, warning signs will be posted along the northern boundary ofthe Site, the perimeter of the Site which is not bound by water, or the Holly Run Plant.The warning signs will state that Site access is restricted in accordance with EPArequested language. .
A primary goal of the field recon will be to determine sample locations. The samplelocations, as marked on the location plans presented in this FSP, are subject to changeas a result of conditions which may exist at the Site. Any necessary change in samplelocation will take into consideration the technical objective of the original location. Inaddition to those sample locations presented on Figures 4 and 5, the field recon will:
• Determine upstream control stations in Churchmans Marsh, Hershey Run,, White Clay Creek, arid the Christina River
i j. • Identify off-Site background soil sample locations (providing access hasbeen approved in writing)
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• Assess the location of the suspected historical plant outfall areas andproposed sample locations
2.5 SITE SURVEY
WCC will conduct engineering and topographic surveys of the Site on two occasions.The first round of surveying will locate wetland boundaries prior to sampling and drillingactivities. The second round of surveying will be conducted subsequent to drillingactivities and final wetland delineation. The initial round of surveying will be conductedusing a licensed surveyor or a Global Positioning System (GPS).
Using the GPS, borings and other sample sites will be located to the nearest 3 metersin longitude and latitude. This type of surveying will allow control and flexibility for thesampling locations. Due to the size and complexity of the Site and the various types ofsamples, initial sampling locations will be located by someone with an understanding ofthe Site and the RI program. Sampling locations can be located by the appropriateWCC personnel (qualified geologist or biologist) with respect to the type of conditionsnecessary for the various samples to be collected. In addition, the position of theNPDES outfall line (from the former County Sewage Treatment Facility) will be locatedduring the first round of surveying.
After completion of drilling activities, a licensed surveyor (licensed in the State ofDelaware if required by the state) will locate the monitoring wells and the necessarywetland boundaries. This round of surveying will include the establishment of UnitedStates Geological Survey (USGS) coordinates to the nearest 0.1 foot and the elevationof the top of well casing and top of protective casing to the nearest 0.01 foot for eachmonitoring well. The USGS NAD27 coordinate system will be used for horizontalcontrol, and the USGS NGVD 29 will be used for vertical control. The original surveys,field notes and tabulation sheets will be available for review.
A tabulated list of all soil borings and monitoring wells will be prepared uponcompletion of Site surveys. This list will consist of the designation and description foreach soil boring and monitoring well, USGS coordinates, and all required elevations.
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2.6 AMBIENT AIR SURVEY' s ' , " ?' . • . . •
Ambient air surveys for organic vapors and respirable particulates will be conductedtwice at selected monitoring stations throughout the Site. This survey will be done inaddition to air monitoring during intrusive activities as discussed in the HSP.'' • . • ' . . . , • V i'. " . . " , •
. ..A1 . . ( ' • •• •
Measurement stations will be staked along transects across PAOI 1 and PAOI 2(approximately 12 stations in each), and around the ponded areas in PAOI 3 and PAOI4 (five stations each) during the first round of the survey. These stations will beestablished relative to known locations and will be plotted on a Site location plan.
Background measurements will be taken off-Site prior to each round of measurements.The surveys will be conducted as close to optimum conditions (relatively dry and calm)as practical. Weather conditions will be logged at the onset of each round ofmeasurements and noted in the logbook for each of the stations. Weather conditionsas measured by NOAA at the Wilmington Airport will be obtained for verification of
At each monitoring station, records will be kept of the time of measurement, conditionof vegetative cover, significant topographic features (ponds, berms, and man-madefeatures or disturbances) and measurements from each instrument. The generalprocedures and equipment to be used for the ambient air survey are presented inPT01. . . ' ' ." •_ •; • ' " • ' ' -" ' . -^ • • •• , ,; '
2.7 TERRAIN CONDUCTIVITY SURVEY
A terrain conductivity survey will be conducted to determine the location and numberof samples within each of the 12 areas of PAOI 6 identified as potentially impactedareas based on review of aerial photographs. These areas are labeled B through N andare included on Figures 4 and 5. Area H is included in PAOI 4 and will not be includedin the survey. A brief description and estimated size based oh a review of the aerialphotographs, for the initial survey of the areas are provided in the following paragraphs." ' '91C2«2W/FU)SAMP.PLN/KPR4 ' 2-4 A R *^ H ? U U Q 01-31-94
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B - Located between Hershey Run and the boundary road along the northwest corner of PAOI 2, just south of PAOI 3, this area is approximately300 feet hi length and 100 feet in width (potential fill area).
C - Located near Hershey Run drainage area in the western area of PAOI 6,just south of the boundary road which leads to the former bridge acrossthe Hershey Run Creek, this area is approximately 400 feet in length and200 feet in width (potential debris area).
D, E, & F - These three areas are along the southwest boundary of PAOI 6, betweenthe Hershey Run Drainage Area and the West Central Drainage Area justnorth of White Clay Creek and south of the turn in the boundary road atthe southwest corner of PAOI 2. Located relatively close together, D isapproximately 200 feet in length and 100 feet in width; E is approximately400 feet in length and 100 feet in width; and F is approximately 400 feetin length and 300 feet in width. D is a possible excavated area; E mayhave been excavated and may also contain debris; and F may have beendisturbed.
G - Located just north of the mouth of the Hershey Run Creek into the WhiteClay Creek, along the southwestern corner of PAOI 6, this area isapproximately 300 feet in length and 200 feet in width (potential excavatedarea).
I - Located along the south central boundary of PAOI 2, just south of theboundary road and north of the PAOI 4, this area is approximately 400feet in length and 100 feet in width (potential refuse storage area).
J - Similar to area I, this area is just east of the bend in the boundary roadas it turns south along the south central boundary of PAOI 2. It isapproximately 400 feet in length and 100 feet in width (potential refusearea).
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. . .K - • Located south of PAOI 2 and north of the East Central Drainageway, this
area is approximately 200 feet in length by 200 feet in width (potentialexcavated area).
L - Located in the south central portion of PAOI 6, adjacent to the boundarytoad between the upper reaches of the West Central Drainage area andthe East Central Drainage area, this area is approximately 600 feet in
. length and 100 feet in width (potential refuse area).
M- Located just east of the boundary road and area L along the westernboundary of the East Central Drainage area, this area is approximately300 feet in length and 200 feet in width (potential refuse area).
N- Located at the south central boundary of PAOI 6 at the end of thesouthern arm of the boundary road, this area is approximately 600 feet inlength and 300 feet in width (potential refuse and utility construction,associated with utilities, area).
The survey will be conducted using an EM-31 Terrain Conductivity Meter. The standardprocedure for the EM-31 survey is discussed in PTG 2.
The areas will be located as part of the initial Site survey and a terrain conductivitysurvey grid will be set up. The anticipated grid will utilize 25-foot centers asmeasurement stations; however, grid spacing may vary, should observation of the areaindicate more or less stations would be appropriate.
' . ' . i ' ' 'Upon completion of the survey, the results will be plotted and contoured. Based on theresults, a modified grid will be established for random statistical sample locations.Where the results of the survey do not indicate any anomalies, a confirmatory boring willbe advanced and sampled. Locations will be marked and surveyed with the GPS or bya licensed surveyor at the conclusion of this task,
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In addition to the above mentioned areas, the EM-31 will be used to locate fourunderground tanks which may exist in PAOI 1 in the process areas. The possiblelocations are shown on the Insurance Map included in the WP.
2.8 DRILLING PROGRAM - GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Utility Clearances and Drilling Requirements
The specific locations of soil sampling and monitoring well locations are shown onFigures 4 and 5. WCC will be responsible for coordinating all appropriate drillingrequirements and utility clearances with the appropriate state and local agencies. WCCwill be responsible for relocating holes, as necessary, for utility clearance to suitablelocations which satisfy the technical objective of the original location. The new locationwill be as close as possible to the original location and both locations will be shown onthe drill log. WCC will take all reasonable precautions to protect persons and propertynear the drill site.
Drill cuttings generated will be placed in properly labeled and sealed drums that areDOT approved for hazardous materials and temporarily stored in the existing warehousebuilding on Site, pending receipt of analytical results. WCC will clearly mark thesedrums with indelible ink or paint pen as to their contents, boring number, and the datefilled. Drums shall not be labelled as hazardous until such time when the drum contentshave been characterized as hazardous based on analytical results. All boreholes will bebackfilled with cement grout as specified in Section 2.9.4.
2 .8 2 Decontamination Protocol
Decontamination protocols are proposed for all field activities. These procedures area precaution intended to reduce the possibility of the cross-contamination of samples,which would result in the compromise of the final analytical results. In general,procedures will include cleaning, i.e., steam cleaning, of augers, rods, bits, all supportequipment, and well materials prior to the start of drilling at each borehole and beforeleaving the Site. All equipment used to collect soil and sediment samples for chemical
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analysis, and all equipment used during well purging and sampling activities will bethoroughly decontaminated prior to each use according to the following procedures;
• Wash and scrub with detergent (Alcondx)• Rinse with potable water• Rinse with 10 percent nitric acid (HNC ) (use 1 percent HNO3 for carbon
steel split-spoons) - '-'•-••". • Rinse with potable water
. ; • • • ' Rinse with isopropynol (orgsuu'c analysis only)• Rinse with organic-free water• Air dry• Wrap in aluminum foil
Sampling equipment (used to collect samples for chemical analysis) will be wrapped inaluminum foil or plastic until ready for use. Other equipment will be stored in plastic
f j bags to avoid contamination. ; ,
Any equipment not involved in analytical sample collection efforts (i.e., water levelindicators and other equipment for hydraulic head monitoring) will be decontaminatedwith a non-phosphate detergent solution wash and potable water rinse:
Generation of decontamination liquids (i.e., water and organic rinses) will be kept to aminimum. Decontamination liquids will be temporarily contained on-Site during theinvestigation in sealed drums that are DOT approved for hazardous materials. Thedrums will be labeled and stored with the wastes generated during drilling orgroundwater sampling activities. Detailed procedures for equipment and personneldecontamination are presented in PTG 3, becontamination (Appendix A).
2.8.3 Protection of Water Yielding Zones
Contaminating additives, such as gels, barite, or revert, in drilling fluids, will not bepermitted in drilling of monitoring well completion intervals. Dispersing agents, such
(j as phosphates or acids, will not be used in well construction or development. There willbe no attempt made to chemically disinfect any wells. The drill rig, drill tools, and
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associated equipment will be steam cleaned prior to commencement of drilling at eachboring location. Toxic and/or contaminating substances will not be used during any partof the monitoring well installation or well development process. All drilling methods willbe designed to prohibit the introduction of contamination from one water-bearingstratum to another via well bores.
2.9 SOIL BORING AND SAMPLING
2.9.1 Drilling Methods and Equipment
Soil borings will be advanced using conventional continuous flight hollow-stem augerdrilling methods to the specified depth below ground surface. All soil samples will becollected using 2-inch or 3-inch diameter steel split-spoons. In general, split-spoonsamples will be taken every 2 feet, except where superseded by subsequent Site-specificsections of this document. An archive sample (drillers jar) will be filled from each split-spoon sample collected. Rotary drilling techniques will be performed in borings usedfor well construction in the Potomac Formation. Each boring will be logged by aqualified geologist or geotechnical engineer. The following is the minimum amount ofinformation to be included on the drill log:
• Name of the project and Site• Hole number• Depth of each change of stratum• Thickness of each stratum• Identification of the material of which each stratum is composed according
to the Unified Soil Classification System• Depth interval from which each formation sample was taken• Hole diameter and depth at which hole diameter (bit sizes) changes• Depth at which groundwater is first encountered• Total depth of hole• Depth or location of any loss of tools or equipment and any other
problems encountered• Volume of drilling fluid loss, and depth interval of occurrence• Name of geologist and driller
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.• Sample designations for each analytical sample collected• Field screening readings for all soil samples• Blow counts
2.92 Soil Sampling Methods and Equipment
Subsurface soil samples for analytical testing will be obtained with a split-spoon or, inthe case of surface soils at other than a soil boring location, with a stainless steel spoonor trowel. Samples for chemical analyses will be collected from unsaturated soils abovethe water table. All subsurface soil samples will be screened in the field. Up to threeanalytical soil samples (two subsurface and one surface soil sample) will be analyzedfrom each of the boring locations described in the Work Plan. Surface soil samples (0-6". * . • " *depth) will be collected from 39 soil boring locations across the Site and submitted forlaboratory analysis. The objective of the surface soil sampling program is presented inSection 4.5 of the Work Plan. The subsurface soil samples will be selected forlaboratory analysis, based on field screening as discussed in the following Section 2.9.3' . ' ' • ' • , . . ' ' • • ' , , -and PTG 4 and 5. Eleven of the soil boring locations will be advanced in conjunctionwith the installation of monitoring wells.
Background soil samples will be collected at five locations. Background samples will becollected via hand-auger from the various soil types observed during the initial on-site
. drilling program. Background subsurface soil samples will not exceed 10 feet belowground surface. It is estimated there will be 10 background soil samples, 2 from eachof five locations. The hand-auger will be decontaminated in accordance with themethods as discussed in Section 2.8.2. .
To insure sample integrity, samples will be placed in designated laboratory bottle-wareimmediately after opening each split-spoon and kept cool. Analytical bottleware forvolatile organic compounds will be filled first, followed by the remainder of theanalytical bottleware and headspace sampleware. Headspace readings will be taken inaccordance with the "Field Screening" procedure outlined in the next section (2.93).The portion of the sample which represents slough will be discarded. Soil samples will
(j. be taken using the methodology presented in PTG 4, Soil Sampling (see Appendix A).The volume of sample recovered will be great enough to provide the necessary sample
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volume for the required chemical analysis. Soil sample analyses are discussed in Section2.18.1.
2.93 Soil Sample Field Screening
Soil samples from above the water table obtained from each boring in.the course of theexploratory drilling will be screened in the field for the presence of wood treatingproducts. Field screening will include the following measures:
• Visual observation for possible staining, discoloration, and the presence ofnon-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL)
• Olfactory evidence such as obvious or strong odors• Headspace analyses
Observable visual and olfactory evidence will be discerned as the soil samples are beinglogged and collected. These observations will be included in the field book duringdrilling operations.
A portion of each soil sample will be collected in clean drillers jars and immediatelycovered with aluminum foil, followed by the jar lid. These containers will be set asidefor headspace analysis when all samples from the boring location have been collected.Subsequent to the completion of the boring, the headspace samples will be placed in thestorage facility or warehouse building on Site, and allowed to equilibrate toapproximately room temperature. Headspace measurements, using both PID and FIDinstruments, will then be taken inside the storage facility to avoid interference fromadverse weather conditions. Headspace analysis procedures are presented in PTG 5.
Upon completion of headspace analysis, two subsurface soil samples will be chosen forlaboratory analysis from each boring. Samples will be selected based on field screeningresults and the anticipated data use for the boring location. Boring locations have beenselected based on a knowledge of the existing Site conditions and historic operations.Therefore, each location has an anticipated data-use such as Site characterization orboundary delineation.
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. . . . . . .In areas such as PAOI 1 and 2, where sampling locations are relatively concentrated andcharacterization will be a primary data-use category, samples selected for analysis will
; consider the vertical profile of the potentially contaminated subsurface. In addition tothe selection of soil samples for chemical analysis based on high headspacemeasurements or observable contamination, samples at some locations will be selectedabove and/or below the material appearing to be contaminated in order to better definethe vertical extent of soil contamination. .\ • . ' . . • ,-
In those areas where boundary delineation is the objective (such as in PAOI 6), analysesof the sample just above the water table and the sample with the highest headspacereading wpuld be the appropriate subsurface samples to submit for analysis.
' • • ' , . • ' . • " (Where field screening suggests no potential impact at a boring location, a sample fromthe interval just above the water table and a sample approximately four feet above theinterval nearest the water table will be submitted to the laboratory for analysis. If the
i water table is encountered at a particularly shallow interval, this scenario may be altered- to obtain more appropriate depths. Three to five percent of the samples submitted to;' the laboratory will be from 'clean' samples based on the field screening. These samples
can be used to evaluate false negatives. The selection of 'clean* samples will bedistributed as evenly as possible over the areas of interest.
19.4 Backfilling
With the exception of borings advanced for the purpose of monitoring well installation,all borings will be backfilled with cement bentonite grout immediately after the samplingis completed. The procedures for boring abandonment are presented in PTG 6.
2.10 MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION• ' ' * '• . j ', i . ''•'••--, • -,— .
Up to 27 monitoring wells at 11 locations will be installed for the purpose of betterdefining the nature and extent of potential contaminants in groundwater at the Site(Figure 4). Tne design and construction of all monitoring wells will be such that each
I / well will yield representative groundwater samples for chemical analysis and allow forthe accurate measurement of groundwater elevations. Soil sampling will be performed
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to verity the stratigraphy to aid in the hydrogeologic interpretation, to determine if anyunexpected subsurface conditions exist, and for proper placement of the well screen.Soil samples will be collected above the water table for laboratory analysis at each welllocation. Well drilling requirements and state and local regulations concerningsubmission of well logs and samples will be followed. The monitoring wells will bepermitted by DNREC, constructed and installed according to the following general welldesign specifications, subject to possible modifications based on actual field conditions.The general procedures presented in PTG 7, Monitoring Well Installation andDevelopment (see Appendix A), will be used for all well installation activities.
2.10.1 Location and Depth
Well locations and depths are detailed in the WP. Up to two shallow wells (one Fill-Zone and one Columbia Formation well) will be installed at these locations. Inaddition, one well will be installed into the uppermost water bearing sandy zone of thePotomac Formation (Intermediate-Zone) at six of these locations. Locations wheremore than one well will be installed will be referred to as well clusters. Well clustersallow for an evaluation of groundwater quality in separate zones at the same location.The well clusters will also provide information on vertical groundwater gradients and thehydraulic connection or lack thereof between the flow zones. Locations presented onFigures 4 and 5 may be altered, based on accessibility as observed in the field andwetland delineation. Where locations may be offset, care will be taken such that thenew location will fulfill the objectives intended by the original locations.
Well depths will be based on the stratigraphy observed at each location based on soilsamples collected from that location. At locations where intermediate wells will beinstalled, wells depths will be determined from the results of the pilot holes. Where nointermediate well is to be installed, split-spoon samplers will be driven in advance ofhollow,stem augers to provide soil samples for a determination of the stratigraphy. TheRemedial Investigation conducted at the adjacent Du Pont Newport Site has provideda subsurface profile which is likely to be very similar to conditions underlying the Site.Figure 6 presents a stratigraphic cross-section of the adjacent Du Pont Site. Table 1contains a brief description of the hydrostratigraphic units, typical depths and thicknessesunderlying the Du Pont Newport Site. Regional and Site-specific geology and
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. . . , . . . . . ,hydrogeology_are discussed in the WP. Table 2 lists the well cluster locations with theirassociated soil borings.
Fill-Zone Wells will be installed at the base of the water bearing zone of the Fill/OtherQuaternary deposits. The Fill-Zone water bearing unit may be discontinuous over thearea. If the water bearing zone does not exist at a boring location, a Fill Zone well willnot be installed. A typical Fill-Zone well is estimated to be approximately 15 to 20 feetin depth. The screened interval will intercept the water table, allowing i feet minimumfor seasonal fluctuations.
Columbia wells will be installed at the base of the water table aquifer in the ColumbiaFormation. The depth to the bottom is estimated to range from 20 to 40 feet.
• . . - ' : . . • " ' ' ' • ' \ ' •Five Intermediate-Zone wells will be installed at the base of the uppermost waterbearing unit of the Potomac Formation. Intermediate-Zone wells will be installed atlocations MW-4, MW-5, MW-6, MW-7, and MW-11. The depth to the bottom of theIntermediate-Zone is anticipated to range from 60 feet to 90 feet below ground surface.
2.10.2 Well Design
All well materials will be steam cleaned immediately before installation and will remainclean until installed in the boring, or the material will be steam cleaned again. Thefollowing general specifications for well construction will be followed:
A. The Fill-Zone and Columbia wells (shallow wells) will consist of 2-inchI.D. Schedule 40 PVC sdreens and riser pipe. The screens will be amaximum of 10 feet in length. These wells will be installed usingminimum 4-1/4-inch I.D. hollow stem augers (HSA). The installation willinclude sand pack, bentonite seal, and a 5-percent bentonite-cement grout (a sodium based bentonite may be used). A construction diagram of atypical shallow well completion is presented in Figure 7. Details ofshallow well installation are as follows:
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1. Using 4 K-inch I.D. or 6U-inch I.D. hollow stem augers, drill aborehole through the overburden until a water-bearing unit isencountered as determined in the field by WCC. Split-spoonsamples will be collected continuously to the completion depth atlocations that have not previously been sampled. Three-inchdiameter split-spoons will be used, until the water table isencountered, with two-inch diameter spoons used thereafter.
2. Shallow wells shall be completed by installing, through the hollowstem augers to the bottom of the hole, 2-inch I.D. Schedule 40PVC machine slotted No. 10 slot screen with 2-inch I.D. Schedule40 PVC threaded flush-joint riser pipe. The screen lengths areanticipated to be 10 feet. The length of the screen may vary in theshallow wells. The annulus will be sand packed with clean, gradedsilica Jessie Morie No. "OON" Well Gravel, or equivalent, frombottom of screen to several feet above the top of the screen,measuring the progress of the well construction in 1-footincrements.
Place a 2-foot to 3-foot thick seal of bentonite pellets on top of thesand pack. A thinner bentonite seal may be used where shallowwell installations do not allow for a 2-foot thick seal. Then fill theannular space to 3-feet below grade with a 5-percent bentonite-cement grout (maximum 7 gallons of potable water per 94-poundsack of Portland Type I cement with 5 percent bentonite powder-sodium based allowed) pumped through a tremie pipe from thebottom upward. All tremie pipes used in grouting of monitoringwells will have "T deflectors at the bottom of the pipe to avoidjetting grout through the bentonite pellet seal. Nominal 8-inchcentralizers shall be used at the bottom of the screen to keep thescreen and riser pipe centered in the borehole. A cap shall befirmly secured in the bottom of the 2-inch screen. The augers shallbe withdrawn from the hole during the sand packing, sealing, andgrouting operations; however, the bottom of the augers shall be
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. . . . . . , . .' . • , • maintained at all times approximately 1 to 2 feet lower than thetop of the sand pack, seal, and grout as these operations proceed.The well shall be left undisturbed for a minimum of 24 hours toallow for the grout to set before any other work is performed,including development.
B. A monitoring well in the Intermediate-Zone of the Potomac Formation isproposed for installation at five of the eleven locations. The Intermediate-Zone wells will be double-cased to reduce the potential of cross-contamination during drilling activities. Prior to the installation of anywells at a well cluster including an Intermediate-Zone well, a 4-inchdiameter mud rotary pilot hole will be advanced to the base of the firstpermeable sandy unit identified in the Potomac Formation. The pilot hole
^ will be used to determine the Intermediate-Zone well screen placement.Continuous split-spoon samples will be collected to determine stratigraphy.
• , A temporary 6-inch diameter steel casing will be installed through the Fillx — and Columbia Formations to insure the integrity of the pilot hole during
sampling. The pilot hole will be grouted via tremie pipe upon completion.The Intermediate-Zone well will be installed within 10 feet of the pilothole. A construction diagram of a typical Intermediate-zone wellinstallation is presented in Figure 8. Installation of Intermediate-Zonewells will be as follows: -
• Offset well location at least 10 feet from associated pilot hole.
• Drill 12-inch diameter hole with 8-1/4-inch I.D. HSA to top of, ; . . , ' . organic clayey unit or top of Columbia Formation (estimated depth
oflSfeet).'• ' ' • ' " • ' • ' . ' i ' , "
. . f ' • • : ... ^. <-. • • -
• Install temporary 12-inch diameter steel casing and driveapproximately 1-foot into organic clayey unit or top of ColumbiaFormation (estimated depth of 15 feet). The purpose of this
( j temporary casing is to case off potentially impacted fill materialduring drilling operations. •
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Flush hole with potable water and clean out 12-inch diametercasing.
Drill nominal 12-inch diameter mud rotary hole to top of PotomacFormation.
Install permanent 8-inch diameter steel casing by driving the casingapproximately 1-foot into the top of the Potomac Formation andthen grouting the angular space via tremie line placed to thebottom of the hole. The purpose of this casing is to reduce thepossibility of cross-contamination during drilling activities and toprovide hole stability. Remove 12-inch diameter temporary casing.
Allow 24-hours for the grout to set, then flush 8-inch diametercasing, mud tub and circulation system of old drilling mud and mixa new batch of drilling mud.
Drill nominal 8-inch diameter mud rotary hole to approximately 5feet above the first permeable unit within the Potomac Formation(as identified from the pilot hole).
Install a 6-inch I.D. flush-joint temporary steel casing to the bottomof the borehole. Use potable water to drill and wash the boreholeto completion depth. The purpose of the casing is to keep drillingmud out of the screened interval of the formation.
Install 2-inch diameter Schedule 40 PVC screen and riser pipe.The screen will have a maximum length of 10 feet. Installation willinclude sand pack, bentonite seal, and a 5-percent bentonite-cement grout (sodium based bentonite may be used). Thetemporary 6-inch I.D. casing will be removed as the well is built.
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. 2.10 J Potomac Formation Samples
Soil samples will be collected from the depth interval selected for the well screen at twoduster locations. The sample will be analyzed for sand, silt, and clay content. In
/ * addition, if a clayey deposit is" encountered at the top of the Potomac Formation, thena Shelby Tube Will be used to collect an undisturbed sample for determination ofhydraulic conductivity at two locations (maximum of 2 samples). Two samples of theclay unit will be collected via split-spoon during pilot hole sampling and submitted for
. analysis of TCL VOCs, semi-VOCs, and TAL metals. Chemical analysis is discussed inSection 2.18. ,
The general procedures presented in PTG 7, Monitoring Well Installation andDevelopment (Appendix A), will be used for all well installation activities.
, " ' • " , • ' * ' ~ " -2.10.4 Well Construction Diagrams
7* Suitable diagrams detailing construction practices (Figures 7 and 8) will be maintainedfor each well for inclusion in final report. Final drafted construction diagrams will besubmitted in the final report. The diagrams will be prepared by a qualified geologist.Information provided on the diagrams will include, but will not be limited to, thefollowing: ! , / - -• ' ' • • : , . <
• Project and Site names i• Well number ,• Date of completion• Total depth of completed well• Depth of any grouting or sealing v.• Nominal hole diameters, . -i ., *-
'-'..-* _ ; Depth and type of well casing• Description (to include length, location, diameter, slot sizes, and material)
of well screen(s)• Any sealing off of water-bearing strata
• ' ' ' ' * ™ • • * * • ' . "
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• Other construction details of monitoring well including grain size andsource of well filter pack material and location of all seals and casingjoints
2.11 WELL DEVELOPMENT
After each Potomac Formation or intermediate well has been constructed and uponcompletion of all shallow monitoring wells, but no sooner than 48 hours after groutingis completed at each well location, WCC will direct a program for the development ofthe wells without the use of dispersing agents, acids, explosives or disinfectants. Theobjectives of well development are to: (a) assure that groundwater enters the wellscreen freely, thus yielding a representative groundwater sample and an accurate waterlevel measurement; (b) remove all water that may have been introduced during drillingand well installation; (c) remove very fine-grained sediment in the filter pack and nearbyformation so that groundwater samples are not highly turbid and so that silting of thewell does not occur. Development will consist of pumping until little or no sedimententers the well. At least five well volumes of water will be pumped from the well. A "volume equivalent to drilling fluid loss during the installation of the well beingdeveloped, in the depth interval monitored by that well, will be removed. General welldevelopment procedures are presented as PTG 7 in Appendix A Pumping will continuebeyond five well volumes if improvement in the yield of the well or turbidity has notstabilized.
2.12 GROUNDWATER LEVEL MEASUREMENTS
After all the wells have been installed and developed and all water levels have reachedtheir static level (approximately 48 hours), WCC will perform a separate complete roundof groundwater elevation measurements to include all newly constructed wells anddesignated existing wells, prior to any groundwater sampling. The presence of NAPLwill be determined during this initial round of groundwater measurements. Allmeasurements will be taken with respect to the tidal cycle in the Christina River.Measurements will be taken at all wells within two hours of low tide and again withintwo hours of high tide. The time and date of measurement, well depth, presence of
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. .NAPL» and weather conditions/at time of measurement will be recorded. The standardprocedures for groundwater level measurement are presented in PTG 8.
2.13 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING'. . ' - 1 . * • • - • . - . -1 ' • ' • *- ' ' . ; / " - I 1 ' ••Each of the newly installed groundwater monitoring wells will be sampled a minimumof two weeks from the completion of well development. The wells will be pumped withclean equipment to remove a quantity of water equal to at least three times thesubmerged volume of the casing. Low velocity pumps, (100 ml/min. to 10 gals/min.) willbe used to purge and sample each well. Groundwater samples will be collected no laterthan 24 hours after the completion of purging. The standard procedures for groundwater
. ., • . / . - " . . ;sampling is presented in PTG-9 in Appendix A ,
Where NAPL is present the volume will be estimated using a kemmerer sampler or clearteflon bailer. If NAPL is found, one sample will be sent to the laboratory for analysisof gross chemical parameters and specific gravity, provided that the laboratory is willing
' ' '
( ...V } .
_^~^ • to perform the analysis.
Groundwater samples will be collected three times from each monitoring well. Eachround of samples will be collected during representative seasonal changes as indicatedin the WP. One round will be collected in April or May, one round will be collected in
" v . ' . -
August or September, and a round will be collected in January or February.-' ' ' ' • ' - • .' .. ' ' . ..• ' . . i " ' ' . . - . .
Groundwater sampling will include all monitoring wells installed during the drillingprogram, the residential wells identified (for sampling) by the Residential Well Survey(see WP), the existing wells MW-27A, MW-36A or MW-37A as discussed in theWP,andthe background well cluster MW-28 (A,B and C). The residential well locationscurrently identified are presented on Figure 9. It is anticipated that two to four of thesewells will be sampled. However, residential well sample locations will be determinedby 'the survey as discussed in the WP. '
Downgradient transport of Site constituents to the wetland marshes and drainagewayswill be assessed by chemical analyses of sediment and water samples collected atselected sampling stations near and downgradient from the potential source areas.Measurements will also be taken at each of the mouths of the five drainageways toestimate discharge. This field sampling strategy was developed to optimize the DQO ofa thorough Site characterization and the need to focus resources on those constituentsource areas of highest priority. The locations of all the near-Site stations wereestablished in response to the presence of known or suspected upgradient constituentsource areas.
A total of 71 stations will be sampled for surface water and/or sediments. Thirty-eighton-Site stations (including 15 stations which will be sampled under base-flow and first-flush conditions) were located in each of the ponds and drainageways that potentiallyreceive groundwater and surface runoff from the Site. Eleven of the stations have beenlocated off-Site in the Christina River, White Clay Creek, and Churcnmans Marshdrainage. Twenty-two stations have been located in on-Site and off-Site (one referencestation) marshes. A summary of these sampling efforts is presented in Table 3.
First flush surface water samples will be collected from 15 stations on the first ebbingtide after the onset of runoff from a major rain event. The definition of a major rainevent is presented in Section 2.14.2.
Field duplicate and matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate samples will be collected at afrequency of one per 20 samples. These duplicates will be prepared as frequently aspractical from sediment and water collected at the stations located nearest the potentialsource areas.
The objective for sampling the downgradient stations at drainageway and wetland marshlocations farther downstream in the marshes is to verity the potential transport,accumulation and approximate areal extent of Site-related constituents. Fifteen of thesestations will be sampled during both fair weather low-flow conditions and first-flushconditions to represent the surface water and sediment chemistry under varying flow
.conditions in the drainageways. These stations include five locations at the mouths of: the drainageways. The specific DQO for sampling these five stations is to evaluate the
potential for off-Site transport ; , </
Measurements of channel dimensions and current velocity will be taken at the fivelocations at the mouths of the drainageways. Discharge estimates for each drainagewaywill be prepared based on these measurements.. .
The station locations and a complete description of the sampling strategy are presentedin the WP. The health and safety procedures applicable to sediment and water samplingare specified in the HSP. The sample handling, labeling, and shipment procedures arediscussed in subsequent sections of this FSP. Sample analyses are discussed in Section2.18 of this FSP.
The following discussions will focus on the field sample collection methods that will bei . utilized to obtain representative surface water, wetland (peat) and drainageway (mud)-" . sediments, discharge measurements, and the sample preparation methods required for
sample submittal for chemical analyses. The standard procedures for sediment, surfacewater, and discharge sampling are presented in PTGs 10, 11, and 12, respectively.
2.14.1 Sediment Sampling
The primary Site-related constituents are probably PAH's that strongly bind topaniculate organic matter and to fine-grained inorganic Sediment particles. This mayenhance constituent deposition in the wetland peat sediments and in the fine-grainedmud sediments of the drainageways. Field sampling of these two types of sediment will
. be conducted to document the nature and geographic extent of constituent distributionsin the wetlands and drainageways. <
Every attempt will be made to sample sediments of similar grain size and organiccontent, since these characteristics have a profound effect on constituent deposition
.- - ',-: rates.- -•-'•." . ' • , . ; . ' .
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Collecting representative drainageway sediments will be facilitated by sampling duringlow tide, when the bottoms of the drainageways are exposed in most locations allowingvisual inspection of the sediments. This approach provides easier station comparisonsand a more accurate evaluation of the nature and extent of constituent distributions atthe Site.
At the sampling station, the nearest pool containing mud will be located and approachedfrom the downstream end. The water samples will be collected first. Visual inspectionand hand testing (with a gloved hand) will be conducted to insure the sediment is fine-grained, containing little or no sand or fine gravel. The sediment depth to the stiffunderlying clay, along with notes on sediment texture, color and other pertinent fieldobservations, will be recorded in the field logbook. The fine-grained muds will becollected with either a stainless steel hand held corer, a stainless steel Eckman Dredge,or the stainless steel Petite Ponar Grab sampler, depending on water and sedimentdepth. Sediment will be collected at O-to-6-inch and 6-to-12-inch intervals or point ofrefusal.
After the sediment has been recovered, the analytical samples will be prepared.Particular care will be executed during collection of samples for volatile organics analysiswhich will be performed first, since loss of volatiles is a concern. If additional sedimentis required to provide sufficient material for all these analyses, duplicate cores will becollected as near as possible to the previous core location. However, to ensure theretention of volatile components, these sediment samples will not be composited orhomogenized in the field. If deemed necessary, these tasks will be performed by theanalytical laboratory.
The outside of all sample containers will be cleaned and properly labeled as discussedin Section 3.0 of this FSP. The samples will be sealed in moisture-proof packaging andstored at 4°C as soon aftef collection as practical. All samples will be shipped on ice tothe analytical laboratory within 24 hours of collection.
The wetland sediment samples will be collected at selected stations in the stands ofemergent marsh vegetation. The field reconnaissance showed that sediment in thishabitat is composed primarily of a dense layer of peat.
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Samples of the peat will be collected from the O-to-6-inch and 6-to-12-inch depth layersor point of refusal. These samples will be collected with either a freshly decontaminated3-inch diameter stainless steel hand corer or a 3-inch stainless steel soil recovery auger.Each sampler .will be lined with a clean Lexan* liner tube. The tool of choice willdepend on collection efficiency to be determined in the field.
After sample recovery, the peat will be extruded from the top of core liner by insertinga stainless steel piston rod into the bottom of the liner and pushing the peat out into aflat stainless steel pan. The sediment will be sectioned and transferred to theappropriate sample jars with a stainless steel spatula. Samples will be prepared, labeled,handled, and shipped the same way as the drainageway sediment samples.
If sediments are present in the Fire Pond and exit ditch, the South Ponds and the inletand outlet ditches, and the pond in suspected disturbed Area K, these locations will alsobe sampled. Since the sampling conditions (e.g., sediment depth, water depth andclarity) in these ponds are unknown and can change quickly depending on weather, theselection of the appropriate sampling methods will be based on the best judgement ofthe field sampling team. The options include the stainless steel hand corer and auger,the Eckman or Ponar Dredges, and hand digging with stainless steel soil trowels. Effortswill be made to obtain samples from 0 to 6-inches and from 6- to 12-inches deep orpoint of refusal. Should the sediments extend beyond 12 inches, samples will becollected at 1-foot intervals thereafter until soils are encountered. Where pond sedimentthickness is greater than 1-foot, two of the samples collected will be selected for analysisbased on fiekj observations. Samples will be prepared and handled as described above.
2.14.2 Surface Water Sampling
The greatest potential for surface water transport of Site-related constituents into thewetland drainageways, ditches and ponds on the Site will likely occur during andimmediately after a major rainfall event. Moreover, Site runoff will provide a maximumcontribution to the water in the drainageways during low tide when dilution water fromthe Christina River/White Clay Creek system is minimal. Therefore, surface watersampling at the Site will be conducted during a -low flow period and after a majorrainfall event. Samples to be collected relative to the major rainfall event will be
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collected on the first ebbing tide after the onset of runoff. Both samplings will beconducted during low tide in the drainageways.
An acceptable storm for first flush sampling will be determined in accordance withUSEPA storm water sampling requirements (40 CFR 122.21(g)(7)). The storm willexhibit the following characteristics:
• Less than 0.1 inch of rain in 72 hours preceding storm
• Samples will be collected during the first three hours of the storm whenfeasible
• Total rainfall of the event ideally should not exceed 50 percent of theaverage or median event in that area
An acceptable storm event for the New Castle County area would range between 0.32and 0.96 inches (Driscoll, et al., 1989, Analysis of storm event characteristics for selectedrainfall gauges throughout the United States).
Surface water samples will be collected at the drainageway stations and the ditch andpond stations (if available). No water samples will be collected at the wetland marshsediment sampling stations since little or no standing water is present at these stations.The rationale for the surface water sampling is the same as that described for thedrainageway and pond sediment sampling program.
2.143 Drainageway Discharge
The objective for measuring channel dimensions and velocity at drainageway mouths isto estimate the upland-runoff component of total, low-tide flow. This approach will onlyyield a rough estimate, since this flow also consists of marsh surface runoff, seepagedischarges from the marsh peat, upstream river water from tidal return flow, andgroundwater discharges.
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. . . . . . . . .Measurements of channel cross-sectional area and current velocity will be utilized toestimate the discharge (instantaneous stream flow) from the five drainageways whichtransport runoff from the Site into the adjacent Christina River/White Clay CreekSystem. Discharge will be estimated at the confluence of each of these drainagewayswith the River/Creek system at stations E2, EC1, C3, WC1 and HR6 (Figure 4).
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Discharge estimates will be prepared from field data collected on two separate samplingevents. The first measurements will be performed during the springtime, if possible,when upland storm water runoff is minimal and no rain has fallen for at least three daysprior to sampling (low flow sampling). The second measurements will be performedduring the onset of Site runoff following a major rain eyent (first-flush sampling). Both
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sampling events will be conducted at low tide to improve the chances that the dischargeestimate is as representative as possible of the upland-runoff component of total flow inthese tidal drainageways.
' ' , • i - ' . .Standard techniques will be used to perform these drainageway discharge estimates. Thetechniques outlined in "A Compendium of Superfund Field Operations Methods"(USEPA, 1987) will be followed. Current velocity measurements will be performed withan electromagnetic sensor that provides a direct readout of velocity in feet/second.Stream channel measurements of water depth and width will be performed and recordedin feet. Cross-sectional area of the flowing water will be calculated in square feet andmultiplied by the mean flow velocity in feet per second to provide the estimate of thevolumetric flow rate in cubic feet per second. The mean flow velocity will be estimated -from repeated measurements of velocity at specified locations across the channel.Where water depth is less than 2.5 feet, the six-tenths depth method will be used to
. determine the sample depth and to calculate the mean velocity (USEPA, 1987). Othermethods as detailed in the PTG will be used where depths exceed 2.5 feet. Full detailsof these field procedures and calculation methods are specified in Appendix A, PTG- 12.
2.15 BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS, • i • . i
Potentially, benthic macroinvertebrate samples will be collected at all of the 49{ j drainageway and pond sampling stations identified in the Work Plan. However,, some
of these stations may not have suitable habitat to support a permanent benthic
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macroinvertebrate community because of intermittent flow rate and or poor substrateconditions (e.g., Jl, J2, KP1). A field evaluation of the habitat will be made by anaquatic ecologist prior to collecting sediment for benthos sampling at those stations withquestionable habitat.
At each station where benthic samples are collected, a benthic field sheet will be filledout. Specific sampling locations will be selected so that they are as ecologically similaras possible in order to compare fauna collected. The assessment of benthic communitystructure and function will be enhanced by collecting samples at stations with similarsubstrate, depth, temperature, flow velocity, and bank cover. The standard proceduresfor the benthic macroinvertebrate sampling are presented in PTG 13.
Collection of samples for benthic community analyses will occur at the same time ascollection of water and sediment samples for chemical analyses to clearly document thechemical conditions the benthic macroinvertebrates were exposed to at the time ofsampling. This will facilitate interpretation of any potential cause and effect relationshipbetween contaminant levels and the benthic community variables. Collection of allsamples will be performed in as short a time interval as is reasonably possible toeliminate the potential for temporal variability in the benthic organisms collected.Collection at respective stations within a drainageway will proceed from downstream toupstream to avoid disturbance due to sampling activities. The sampling sequence willbe water collected first, followed by sediment and, then, benthic macroinvertebrates.
Five replicates will be collected at each station; three will be analyzed and two will bearchived. If subsequent analyses of the initial three samples indicate a high variabilitybetween replicates at the same station, the archived samples from that station will alsobe analyzed.
Benthic samples will be collected using a petite Ponar bottom grab sampler (samplingarea, 36 in2). Locations for replicate samples will be selected in the immediate vicinityof the other replicates. Replicate samples will be rejected and sampling will beattempted again if they do not represent a full "bite." If, after ten attempts, a full sampleis not recovered, the best of the ten attempts will be kept for analysis.
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. . . .Each replicate sample will be washed through a 500 micron mesh, stainless steel sieveto remove fine sediments. Large rocks and twigs will be rinsed free of organisms intothe sieve, and discarded. These steps reduce sample volume and expedite sampleprocessing in the laboratory. Washed samples will be back-washed into appropriately-labeled sample jars and fixed using a 10 percent buffered, formalin/rose bengal solution.Samples will be labeled with an interior and exterior label. When the samples arereturned to the laboratory they will be washed in fresh water and preserved in a solutionof 70 percent ethanol within 72 hours of collection.
Samples will be sorted under dissecting microscopes in the laboratory, separating benthicfauna from any remaining sediment and detritus. Every tenth tray will be resorted asa quality control measure. Organisms recovered will be identified to the lowest practicaltaxon and enumerated. An effort will be made to identify tubificids and chironomids toat least the genus level to allow an accurate evaluation of the tidal habitat. However,it may not be possible to identity juveniles to this level since their diagnostic charactersmay not be developed.
, ' • ' . • " ' ' . 'Type specimens will be kept for each taxon. Type specimens will be maintained inlabeled screw-cap files to which a 70 percent solution of glycerin and ethanol has beenadded. Specimen labeling information 'will include taxon name, project name,station/replicate number and date of collection. ,
2.W WETLAND DELINEATION' ' • ' ' " • •' ' - : ' :
WCC will delineate the boundaries between the wetlands and the non-wetlands on theSite in accordance with the Routine Delineation methodology as it is outlined in SectionD of the "Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual" (U.S. Army Corps of
,.•••. Engineers, Technical Report Y-87-1). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE), currently requires that Jurisdictional wetland boundaries be delineated utilizing the
methods outlined in the 1987 Manual. The 1987 Manual is the one currently approvedfor use by EPA (58 FR 4995) and many other federal agencies for delineating theJurisdictional boundary of a wetland. As requested by the EPA for risk assessment
i j purposes, WCC will also delineate the wetland boundaries on the Site using the methodsoutlined in the "Federal Manual for Identification and Delineation of Jurisdictional
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Wetlands" (Federal Interagency Committee for Wetlands Delineation, 1989). In the RIReport, both boundaries will be plotted and identified on site maps. A more detaileddescription of the methods and the three wetland indicators for delineating wetlands isprovided as PTG 14 in Appendix A.
The predominant wetland form at the Site is tidal marsh. The boundaries of tidalmarshes are generally easy to identity. Freshwater non-tidal wetlands are also presentat the Site. Freshwater non-tidal wetlands generally have more complex boundaries thantidal wetlands, because of the somewhat more complicated supporting hydrology. Thedifferent types of wetlands will be identified and delineated on Site maps following thecompletion of the wetlands delineation.
There are a number of areas on the Site where small, isolated wetlands have formed asa result of past disturbance. These areas tend to be of minimal value as habitat sincemost are vegetated with plant species that typically grow in disturbed areas, theygenerally lack one of the three wetland parameters, and they are much smaller andisolated from the larger more important wetland habitat on the Site.
These small, man-induced wetlands are marginal at best, as a productive resourcebecause they do not provide a significant or a valuable local resource to any naturalbiological functions, and they do not contribute significantly to storm or flood waterstorage in the Site. area. The groundwater recharge or discharge capacity of these smallwetlands is probably limited; these small wetlands are not unique in nature, or scarcein quantity within the region or local area. Hence, they will not be delineated unlessthey are hydrologically connected to other wetlands or waterways.
The general quality of the wetlands at the Site will be assessed, based on informationgathered while delineating the boundaries. The value and function of the wetlands willbe evaluated. The value of the different wetlands on the Site to wildlife using the Sitewill be determined by location and species diversity. If appropriate, an evaluationtechnique (e.g., WET 2.1) will be applied to characterize the functions and values of thewetlands on the Site in a more structured way.
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. . . , . , . . , . .The State of Delaware currently regulates activities in subaqueous lands and tidalwetlands throughout the coastal areas of the State with Chapter 7 of the Delaware StateCode. Freshwater non-tidal wetlands are not currently regulated by the State ofDelaware but are under the jurisdiction of the USACOE. The adoption of Stateregulations regarding freshwater non-tidal wetland is pending approval by the DelawareState Assembly.
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The extent of the State regulated wetlands at the Site will be identified and delineatedon maps by using a Global Positioning System as outlined in PTG 15 in Appendix AThe different types of wetlands identified on the Site will also be noted on these maps.
During the course of the wetlands delineation, the flora and fauna observed will bedocumented. If any threatened or endangered species are encountered their locationwill be noted so that adequate and proper protective measures can be incorporatedduring the RI and FS activities. General notes will be recorded on the size and locationof any populations of threatened or endangered species at the Site. The information' ' ' ' ' - ' " ' " • - . • ' ' • »gathered on the Site's flora and fauna during the wetlands delineation will beincorporated into the Terrestrial Habitat Characterization and used to characterizeecological risk.
2.1? TERRESTRIAL HABITAT CHARACTERIZATION
Terrestrial habitats at the Site will be characterized by performing quantitative andqualitative vegetation surveys and by conducting a qualitative wildlife survey. Thequantitative portion of the vegetation survey will consist of quantitative measurementsof the density, frequency, and coverage of the plant species in each vegetation layer andrandom locations. The qualitative vegetation survey will document the vegetation ateach soil boring location for later use in delineating the location of vegetation,communities at the Site. The qualitative wildlife survey will be conducted during thefield effort associated with the ecological evaluation: The wildlife survey will serve todocument the use of the Site by various animal species.
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2.17.1 Quantitative Vegetation Survey
Recent aerial photographs of the Site will be reviewed to identity and approximatelydelineate the existing vegetation cover types. Two random transects will be locatedacross the Site after the approximate boundaries of the prominent vegetation types havebeen delineated on a recent aerial photograph. The location and orientation of thesetransects will be chosen, based on the delineated cover types. The transects will beoriented so that all of the existing cover types are traversed and sampled. A workingmap presenting the location of these transects will be presented to the EPA for approvalprior to conducting the vegetation survey.
The canopy, understory, and herbaceous vegetation layers will be sampled. Two sampleplots will be randomly located along the transects in each of the prominent cover types.The understory and the herbaceous sample plots will be nested within the canopy sampleplot. The vegetation in each plot will be sampled to determine the species compositionfor each of the cover types identified on the aerial photographs. The following data willbe recorded on raw data sheets for each sample plot:
• Canopy Species
Diameter at breast height (DBH, diameter at 1.25 m above theground) of canopy species with a DBH greater than 10-cmSpecies name of each individual measured
Woody Understory Species
DBH of understory species with a DBH between 4 and 10 cmArea! cover of the woody understory species to the nearest one-halfsquare meterSpecies name of each individual measured
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.• Herbaceous Species
- Areal cover of the herbaceous species to the nearest 100 square cm- Species name of each individual measured
The information collected from the sample plots will be used to identity the speciescomposition and characteristics of -the plant communities on the Site. The speciescomposition of each vegetation layer will be determined. The density, relative density,frequency, relative frequency, coverage, relative coverage, and importance value will becalculated for each species by vegetation layer, These values will be calculated with thefollowing equations from Brower & Zar, 1984:
Density Dj
The density (DJ of species ( is the total number of individuals counted (nj for species1 , i divided by )he total area sampled (A).•" ' • ' • ' ' ~ ' . : ' ' ' ', ' ' - ' ' ' . ! -
Relative Density RDj = n,/£n or RD; » h D/TD « Dj/ED
Relative density (RDj) is calculated as the number of individuals of a given species (n<)as a proportion of the total number of individuals of all species (En) in a cover type orwhere TD is the density for all species (equivalent to ED or the sum of the densities ofall the species).
Frequency f^ ,-« ji/k ... •-
The frequency of species ( (f{) is equivalent to the number of samples (j;) in whichspecies j occurs divided by the total number of samples taken (k) in a cover type.
-Relative Frequency' Rfj = f(/Ef , ^
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The relative frequency (RQ is the frequency of a given species (Q as a proportion of thesum of frequencies for all species (Ef) in a cover type.
Coverage Q - a /A
Q is the proportion of the ground occupied by a particular species Q when is the totalarea occupied by species j and A is the total area sampled.
Relatfve Coverage RQ = Q/TC = Q/SC
Relative coverage (RQ) for an individual species Q is the coverage for that species (Q)expressed as a proportion of the total coverage (TC) for all species in a cover type andwhere EC is the sum of the coverages for all of the species.
Importance Value IVj = RD; + Rf; + RQ3
The sum of all three of the relative measures (Relative density, Relative frequency, andRelative coverage) for species f is normally divided by three (3) to yield a result between0 and 1.0 (IV4), which can then be presented as the importance percentage.
A species-area curve will be generated to determine the optimal sample size for thesample plots, prior to sampling the vegetation in each cover type. A species-area curveis generated by plotting the cumulative number of species against the cumulative samplearea. A species-area curve will be generated for each vegetation cover type (matureforest, emergent marsh, or early successional areas) and layer within that cover type.
The canopy and understory species-area curves will be generated by measuring a one-meter by one-meter square in one of the vegetation cover types and counting separatelythe numbers of different canopy species and understory species within that square. Thesquare will then be expanded to a two-meter by two-meter square and the number ofnew species encountered will be tallied. The number of new species will be added tothe total from the first area. These new numbers represent the total number of canopyspecies and understory species that occur in a two-meter by two-meter area. The area
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O . : • ' - ' . ' • . • : ' • • ; • • " . ' • . . - ; . . ' i . ' ' • - • • . • " • • ' - • : . . ' - • ' - • ' ' , " • ' ' ; , • ' . 'will be expanded at a rate of one meter per side and a new species total calculated foreach new area, until approximately 300 square meters have been sampled for canopyspecies and approximately 125 square meters for understory species.
The herbaceous species curve will be generated by measuring a 10-centimeter (cm) by10-cm square and counting the number of different herbaceous species within thatsquare, then expanding the square to a 20-cm by 20-cm square and counting the numberof new species encountered and adding this number to the total from the first area. Thearea will be expanded at a rate of 10 cm per side and a new species total calculated foreach new area until approximately 1500 square cm have been sampled.
The cumulative total number of species tallied for each area will be plotted against the.,. cumulative area sampled for each vegetation layer. The graph that results by connecting
these points, for each vegetation layer, should have a curve shape similar to alogarithmic growth curve. The sample size for each vegetation layer will be determined
i j by drawing a vertical line from the point where the curve flattens horizontally to the. . corresponding point on the x axis, and reading the area value at this point. The value
at this point is the best sample size for that vegetation layer on the Site (Connor and• McCoy, 1979).
The information collected from each layer in each sample plot will be recorded first onraw data sheets and then transposed onto summary data sheets and class summary data
, sheets for each of the sample plots. Blank examples of these data sheets are providedas Figures 10, 11, and 12. The plant species identified during this task will beincorporated into a master species list for the Site.
2.17.2 Qualitative Habitat Survey
To further characterize the vegetation and qualitatively survey the terrestrial habitat onthe Site, the predominant plant species that occur within a fixed radius of the soil boringlocations, will be identified and recorded. The actual size of the radius will bedetermined based on the results of the species-area curves. At each location, the threeor four predominant plant species (determined by visual estimation) in each vegetationlayer will be recorded on plant identification record sheets. The plant identification
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record sheets will be used for documenting the plant species identified, the date, timeof day, general weather conditions, location of the boring in addition to a generaldescription of the habitat and its relative quality, and any evidence of disturbance. Ablank example of the plant identification record sheet is provided as Figure 13. Theseplant identification record sheets may also be used during the wetlands delineation todocument vegetation.
The results from the analysis of the qualitative habitat survey, the vegetationcharacterization at each of the boring and well locations will be used to determine whichcover type, as defined by the quantitative vegetation survey is present at each location.The plant species identified during the quantitative vegetation survey task will beincorporated into a master list of plant species for the Site.
2.17.3 Qualitative Wildlife Survey
Animal identification record sheets will be tilled out continually during the ecologicalinvestigation tasks at the Site (wetlands delineation, quantitative vegetation survey,qualitative habitat survey, etc.). The information recorded on the animal identificationrecord sheets will be compiled to develop an animal species list for the Site. The recordsheets will be used for documenting the date, time of day, general weather conditions,general location where the animal was observed, animals identified, description of thehabitat where it was observed, and evidence of human activity. A blank example of theanimal identification record sheet is provided as Figure 14. Where known, seasonalvariations in resident and migrant populations which could influence exposure to site-related constituents will be considered.
2.18 ANALYTICAL PROGRAM
The sampling program will include analysis of soils, surface water, sediment andgroundwater. The analytical program will follow the sampling protocols as discussed inthe QAPjP. Analytical methods are presented on Table 4. A summary of thegeotechnical methods is presented in Table 4a. All quality control procedures definedin the respective methods will be followed. This includes, but is not limited to, analyzingrinsate blanks, duplicates, surrogate spikes, matrix spikes, matrix spike duplicates, etc.
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. . . .and meeting their performance criteria. Field QA/QC samples will be collected at arate of 1 per twenty samples for each parameter and will include field blanks, rinsateblanks, field duplicates, matrix spikes and matrix spike duplicates. Table 5 presents thenumber of samples estimated for Phase I. Table 6 presents the sample containers,preservatives and holding time requirements for all samples. ,
2.18.1 Soil Samples \' ' ' . . v , :
Soil samples will be analyzed for: Target Compound list (TCL), volatile organic (VOC),and semi-volatile organic (semi- VOC) compounds; and Target Analyte List (TAL)metals. Soils analysis will be conducted on 207 subsurface soils, and 44 shallow surfacesoils; which includes 2 Potomac Formation day samples and an estimated 10 background(5 subsurface and 5 shallow) soil samples (see Table 5). Additional analyses will beperformed for TCL Pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins/chlorinated furans (PCDDs/PCDFs)on twenty percent of the samples (see Section 2.18.5).
.- . ' •' - '•" •.•" '• ' •-• •'•• ' • • •./ .. -".' .••The purpose of collecting dioxin/ chlorinated furan samples during the first phase of theinvestigation is to determine whether it is present at the site. Towards this purpose,proposed locations for analysis of PCBs/pesticides, PCDDs and PCDFs will be based oncurrent site conditions and past facility operations, including but not limited to, theincinerator area (potential air emission fallout areas), possible on-site disposal areas, andthe historical homestead areas. The proposed locations are discussed in Section 2.18.5.
At ten boring locations, samples will be collected for analysis of moisture content, totalorganic carbon (TOC), percent carbon, and sand, silt and clay content(sieve/hydrometer). At two monitoring well cluster locations, samples will be collectedfrom the depths of the screened intervals (from each well) for analysis of physicalparameters, which will include sieve/hydrometer, specific gravity, moisture content(dependent on grain size) and Atterberg Limits (liquid and plastic). At two intermediatewell locations, undisturbed samples of the upper confining unit (clay) of the PotomacFormation will be collected for sand, silt and day content, and to determine hydraulicconductivity.
It is recognized that additional soil sampling and analyses will be required as pan of aPhase n Remedial Investigation Program. The number of samples, their locations, andthe need for increasing or decreasing the scope of chemical analyses on individual soilsamples would be established with the EPA following the receipt of results from Phase I.
2.18.2 Sediment Samples
All sediment samples will be analyzed for TCL VOCs, semi-VOCs and TAL metals.Twenty percent of the samples will be analyzed for TCL pestiddes, PCBs, andPCDDs/PCDFs (see Section 2.18.5). The total number of Phase I sediment samples170. This indudes two samples from each drainageway (and pond) and marsh station;the four reference stations and 15 first flush sample locations. In addition, wetlandsediment samples will be analyzed for percent organic carbon, grain size distribution andpH/Eh.
2.183 Surface Water Samples
Sixty-four surface water samples will be collected and analyzed for TCL, VOCs, semi-VOCs, TAL metals, alkalinity and total suspended solids. For TAL metals, analyses willbe performed on both field-filtered (dissolved) and nonfiltered (total) samples. Thatportion of the sample to be filtered will be emptied into the filtering vessel directly fromthe sampling equipment TVenty percent of the samples will be analyzed for TCLpestiddes, PCBs, and PCDDs/PCDFs (see Section 2.18.5).
Samples for volatile and semi-volatile analyses will be direct filled in the field.Temperature, conductivity, Eh, and pH will be measured for every surface water samplein the field.
2.18.4 Groundwater Samples
The initial round of groundwater samples will be analyzed for TCL VOCs, semi-VOCsand TAL metals. Metals analysis will be conducted on field filtered (dissolved) and non-filtered (total) samples. Twenty percent of the first round will be analyzed for TCLpestiddes, PCBs and PCDDs/PCDFs. Residential wells will be analyzed by low level
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. . . , .detection limit CLP methodologies; Site monitoring wells will be analyzed by routineCLP methods. Based on the results of the first round of analysis, lower level detectionlimit methodologies as discussed in the WP may be used on subsequent sampling rounds.Temperature, pH and conductivity will be monitored at each well.
i . . , ' • . ' • .2.18.5 Dioxin And Chlorinated Furan Sampling
Twenty percent of all samples will include analysis for PCDDs/PCDFs. The locationswhere PCDDs/PCDFs samples will be collected are based on suspected historic activities'and observations of present Site conditions. The samples are located primarily inhistoric Site process areas (including down-wind of the former incinerator area) andcorresponding drainageway and marsh stations. In addition, some of the locations arein historically disturbed areas and in the vicinity of the historic homestead areas.
Table 7 summarizes soil PCDDs/PCDFs sampling locations. Soils for PCDDs/PCDFsi .- ' analysis will be collected from 16 boring locations and two background locations. Boring^ locations where PCDDs/PCDFs will be analyzed will include a surface soil sample (0-6"),
and the two subsurface samples.
Table 8 summarizes the locations where sediment and surface water will be analyzed forPCDDs/PCDFs andpestiddes/PCBs. Four reference stations (3 drainageway, 1 marsh)will include dioxin analysis. Fifteen drainageway locations will include PCDD/PCDFanalysis of a shallow sediment sample (0-6"), and fourteen of these locations will includesurface water PCDD/PCDF analysis. Marsh sediment samples (0-6") will include dioxinanalysis at 15 locations.
Monitoring well locations where PCDD/PCDF samples will be collected will be basedon conditions observed during installation. Twenty percent of the groundwater samples
! will receive PCDD/PCDF analysis.
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2.18.6 Pesticide/PCB Sampling
Twenty percent of all samples will be analyzed for TCL pesticides and PCBs.Pesticide/PCB sample locations for soils are presented on Table 7a. These locationswere chosen to provide Site wide coverage. The sediment and surface water samplelocations where pestidde and PCB locations will be collected are the same Locations asthe PCDD/PCDF locations presented on Table 8.
2.19 FIELD EQUIPMENT
A number of instruments will be used for each task of the field program. The samplingteam will determine which equipment is necessary per task prior to the performance ofthe task. Maintenance of equipment prior to, during, and subsequent to use will be theresponsibility of the sampling team. Table 9 presents a summary of the basic equipmentcalibration and maintenance. Where necessary, more information on specificinstruments is detailed in the appropriate PTGs in Appendix A.
Details of all specific equipment and instrumentation necessary for each task arediscussed in the PTGs included as Appendix A. The following is a list of the basicinstruments that may require some maintenance prior to use.
• pH/Eh meter '• Specific conductivity meter• Pressurized filtering system .
Surface Water Discharge Estimation
• Portable flow meter
Wetland Delineation
O " ' • • ' : • • • ' • " ' "> C5PS
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3.0SAMPLE AND DOCUMENT CUSTODY PROCEDURES
Verifiable sample custody will be an integral part of all field and laboratory operationsassodated with Site investigations. Traceable steps will be taken in the field andlaboratory to document and ensure that all samples have been properly acquired,preserved, and identified. The following sections provide the detail related to carryingout verifiable field and laboratory documentation.
3.1 FIELD DOCUMENTATION
Bound field logbooks will be used to record all pertinent field data collection activitiesperformed or observations made. Documentation in the field logbook will be sufficientto reconstruct the sampling situation without relying on the memories of the field teammembers. Entries into the field logbook will include, but are not necessarily limited to,the following information:
• Project name• Date and time• Sample location• Sample number• Sample depth• Media type• HNU/OVA readings• Sampling personnel present• Type of health and safety clothing/equipment used• Analyses requested• Time of sample collection• Sample preservation• Field observations, to include soil description (if relevant)• Weather conditions• Other project-specific information
W-'-V ' ,"••: '• -.^VV '-:-V'••'•;:v-- I-"''- -•".In addition, field sketches will be made in the field logbooks when appropriate, withreference points tied to existing permanent Structures in the area (i.e., trees, fence posts,buildings). / ^
Field logbooks will be identified by a project-specific number (i.e., Logbook #1 forProject Number 91C2628, etc.) and stored in the field project files when not in use. Atthe completion of the field activities, the logbooks will be maintained in the permanentproject file. .
VA daily summary form will be filled out by each person each day Summarizing the daysevents. The forms will include information such as: date; personnel that the individualworked with that day, analytical samples (depth and/or location) collected that day,
- weather conditions, time of person's arrival and departure, and general accomplishments(i.e., number and location of borings completed). In addition, sample collection will besummarized daily on a separate form and will include data such as sample date, sampleidentification and numbers, analyses to be performed, and correlation of field QCsamples to field samples. These forms are included in Appendix B.
All samples will be assigned a sample Identification (ID) Number and a LocationNumber as the sample is collected. The ID Number will be used to fill out the C-O-C.The correlation between the ID Number and Location Number will be maintained inthe field book and sample tracking forms. The location number will be used in datamanagement subsequent to sample analysis. The ID Number will be a six digitsequential number to conform with EPA sample ID Number required by CLP SOWformats and to avoid any sample labeling confusion between WCC and the Lab. The'ID number will consist of a two letter prefix per matrix as follows: SW for surfacewater; GW for groundwater; SD for sediment; and SL for soil and a sequential four digit
The sampling station, sample type, and sample sequence identifiers (see subsequentU discussion) will be established prior to field activities for each sample to be collected.
• • ' . - : , • • . . • v ' • • ' . • . . • ' . '
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On-Site personnel will obtain assistance in defining any special sampling requirementsfrom the Project Manager.
A sample tracking sheet will be kept at the sample staging area. This sheet will be usedto keep track of sample sequence numbers, analyses, and the number of QA/QCsamples. Sample tracking forms are included in Appendix B.
3.2.1 Sample Location Numbers
The sample ID is limited, based on CLP Inorganic SOW computer readable format, arigid code is assigned to assure no confusion between the laboratory, sample collectorsand data management. However, once the data has been entered into the database, alocation number will be used to access data. The location numbers assigned to eachsample will be more descriptive of the sample and allow easy recognition of sample typeand sites. The location number is more flexible than the identification number and,although it will be included on the COCs in the location space, it will be more a datamanagement tool than a tracking device. Location numbers will be given to everysample as it is collected. Identification numbers will only be assigned to samplessubmitted to the laboratory for analysis. A summary of sample location numberingscheme is presented on Table 10.
The location number can vary from eight to eleven digits and will describe matrix,location within the Site (PAOI or drainageway or basin), sequence, depth of sample, andtype of QA/QC. An example of a sample location number is as follows:
SB21612R: SAMPLE LOCATION NUMBER
• SB 21612R Sample Matrix
The sample matrix is indicated by the first two digits of the location number. Twoletters have been assigned for each matrix on the Site.
•-. '. • ' ' '.,' "•••''• . - '' •• ' 'Starting with the third digit in the location number, the Site location is represented byeither a single number, as in the case of PAOIs, or a one- to three-letter designation fordrainageway. ,
FP Fire Pond .'•-/.'SP SouthPondKP AreaKPondHR Hershey RunHRM Hershey Run MarshWC West Central DrainagewayWCM West Central Drainageway MarshEC East Central DrainagewayECM East Central Drainageway Marsh, • • • • ' -C Central Drainageway /CM Central Drainageway Marsh
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CR Christina RiverCHM Churchmans MarshCHD Churchmans DrainagewayWH White Clay CreekE East Drainageway
• SB2 16 12R Sequence
The sequence portion of the location number is assigned to the sample or boring inrelation to the sample Site. These sequences have been assigned on Figure 5.
• SB216 12 R Sample Depth
The sample depth portion of the location number indicates the bottom depth of thesample. In the example, the bottom depth of the sample is twelve feet. Soil boringsample depth will always be numeric and in feet. Sediment samples depth will alwaysbe numeric and in inches.
• SB21612 R QA/QC
If the sample is a field QA/QC sample or matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate samplewill be indicated by the last digit of the location number. The example is a samplewhich will have matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate analysis.
Location No. OA/AC Type
D - DuplicateF - Field BlankR - Rinsate BlankMS - Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicate
Duplicate samples will not be identified to the laboratory on the COCs or sample label.Duplicates will be tracked in the samplers field book on sample tracking sheets.
• - • . '.. i : ; • • ' . ' • ' - • ' '"Sample labels will be filled out as completely as possible by a designated member of thesampling team prior to beginning field sampling activities each day. The date, time,sampler's signature, and the last field of the sample identification number should not becompleted until the time of sample collection. All handwritten sample labels will befilled out using waterproof ink. At a minimum, each label will contain the following
.. " information:
.. ' , • Sampler's company affiliation ' •• Site location /
: • Sample identification code •• Sample location code •" . ;.• Date and time of sample collection
, • T pe of Sample (grab or composite)( • Analyses required— • x Filtered or Unfiltered (as appropriate)
• Method of preservation (if any) used ,• Sample matrix (i.e., soil, groundwater)* Sampler's initials
f « Bottle lot number S ' .. " " • • . i * i
3.4 SAMPLE CONTAINERS• ' , ' • • • " ! • ' -
1 .• " . - " • ' i , ."
Certified, commerdally dean sample containers shall be obtained from the analyticallab. The bottles shall be labeled by the lab to indicate the type of sample to becollected. Required preservatives shall be prepared and placed in the bottles at thelaboratory prior to Shipment to the Site. Table 6 lists appropriate sample containers forthe specific analyses required for this project.
3.5 SAMPLE PRESERVATION
t J Sample preservation efforts shall commence at the time of sample collection and willcontinue until- analyses are performed. Samples will be stored on ice in coolers
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immediately following collection. Sample preservation requirements are given in Table6. Chemical preservatives, if necessary, will be added to the sample containers by thelaboratory prior to shipment to the field.
3.6 SAMPLE HANDLING AND SHIPPING
After collection, sample labels will be completed and samples stored on ice in aninsulated cooler. Samples will be placed right side up in a cooler with ice for deliveryto the laboratory, VOA sediment samples will be shipped in an inverted position.Samples will be hand delivered or shipped to the analytical laboratory. Samples will bepackaged in such a way as to reduce the potential for breakage during shipping and willbe sealed in the insulated package container. All samples must be shipped forlaboratory receipt and analyses within specific holding times. All samples will beshipped to the project laboratory(s) within 24 to 48 hours of collection. A chain-of-custody form will accompany each cooler.
3.7 HOLDING TIMES AND ANALYSES
The holding time is specified as the maximum allowable time between sample collectionor receipt of a sample by the laboratory and analysis and/or extraction, based on theanalyte of interest and stability factors, and preservative (if any) used. Allowable holdingtimes are listed in Table 6. Samples should be sent to the laboratory as soon as possibleafter collection, by overnight courier service, to minimize the possibility of exceedingholding times.
3.8 CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY PROTOCOL
Each cooler containing samples sent to the analytical laboratory will be accompanied bya chain-of-custody (COC) record. This section describes the procedures for sampledocumentation utilizing COC protocol
The primary purpose of the COC procedures is to document the possession of thesamples from collection through storage and analysis to reporting. COC forms willbecome the permanent records of all sample handling and shipment.
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3.8.1 Field
The field team members are responsible for the care and custody of the samplescollected until the samples are transferred to another party, dispatched to the laboratory,or disposed. The field team, under the direction of the Field Team Leader, isresponsible for enforcing COC procedures during fieldwork. The COC procedures areprovided below. ,
• During the day of sample collection, the COC form is completed for thesample collected. The sample identification number, sample locationnumber, sample date and time, type and size of sample container, type ofsample, analysis requested, preservative, is recorded on the form.
: • When the form is completed or when all samples have been collected that. will fit in a single cooler, the field team members will cross-check the form
i j' for possible errors and sign the COC record. Sample identification1 numbers will be double checked with the tracking forms and field book
prior to completion of the COC. Each cooler will be accompanied by aseparate COC, sealed in a Ziploc-type bag, and taped to the inside of thecooler lid.
When transferring custody of the samples, the individual relinquishing custody of thesamples will verity sample numbers and condition and will document the sampleacquisition and transfer by signing and dating the COC. This process documents samplecustody transfer from the sampler, usually through an express courier, to the analyst inthe analytical laboratory. A copy of each COC form is retained by the sampling teamfor Hie project file and the original is sent with the samples.
In conjunction with data reporting, the analytical laboratory will return the original ora photocopy of the original ,COC in a Letter of Receipt (LOR) for all shipments arrivedfor purposes oif noting problems in sample packaging, COC, and sample preservation,
\ to the Project Manager for inclusion into the central project file.' ' ' ' ' '91C2628-3/PU>SAMP,PLN/kpR4 3-8 A p Q f| 9 [• Q O 01-31-94
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3.8.2 Laboratory
Laboratory COC, sample storage, and dispersemem for analysis and associateddocumentation are found in the Laboratory Quality Assurance Plan (LQAP) inAppendix A of the QAPjP.
3.9 PROJECT FILE
A project file containing complete project documentation of all aspects of the activitiesassodated with the Site investigations will be maintained by the Project Manager. Thisfile will include:
• Project plans and specifications• Field logbooks and data records• Photographs, maps, and drawings• Sample identification documents• COC records* The entire analytical data package provided by the laboratory, including
QC documentation• Data review notes• References and literature• Report notes and calculations• Progress and technical reports• Correspondence and other pertinent information
Project documentation will be checked for completeness to include peer reviews,checking of calculations, etc., before being filed.
91C2628-3/FLDSAMP.PLN/KP1U 3-9 01-31-94
Tables'
AR30'2-l»'8S
TABLE 1HYDROSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS
REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION REPORTADJACENT DU FONT-NEWPORT SITE
Depth kange to Unit Range ofUnit____ Lithologic Appearance Top of Unit (ft) Thickness (ft)IF Fill/Other Quaternary Zone (includes Fill Material. 0 2-30.5
Quaternary Deposits younger than Columbia Formation).Fill material of various grain sizes and color underlain by . .brown to orange-brown sands and clays. This unit oftencontains a gray-black organic clay at its base.
1A Columbia Formation. (Columbia Formation; Pleistocene) 10 - 39 0 * 20.5yellow-brown to orange sands and clays; grading coarser with •
.' depth. ', ' ' . ' ".•".• • Y ; ..•- - :>'. .-•.'..v • . . • Y - .' -11 Semi-Confining Unit. (Top of Potomac Formation: 17-42 . 9 - 4 0
Cretaceous) Top marked by the first appearance of white-graysand or reddish-to-orange sandy clays. Appears to be an 'effective semi-confining unit separating Unit I and Unit IIIx-Intermediate Zone. Gayey sarid unit. Clayey sands in the 32-55 13-50upper section grade to a more clayey unit with depth. Sands Y , " 1, * -v' -range from fine-to-medium grained, with varying clay content.Color ranges from red to orange to yellow.
IIIB Semi-Confining Unit. This unit is very similar to IIIA in color 51 * 105 1.5 - 27and shows interfingering of beds except that the clay contentincreases significantly in the lower portion of this unit. The
^" top of this unit is marked by a violet-red, manganese-stainedclay. Appears to be an effective semi-coiifining unitseparating Units IIIA and IV. • v •
\ ' ' • ' ' ' ' . . ' • • • ' ' •IV Deep Zone. Usually contains a white and light gray to orange 58-125 , 3.5*30
medium clayey sand up to 10 feet in thickness overlying theY bedrock. Tnis unit may contain red dense clays and/or black
organic-rich layers, generally less than 18 inches thick.V Decomposed Bedrock. Olive green, friable, weathered schist 50 - 140 40+
and gneiss occasionally overlain by off-white clay. Probablelow permeability; probably acts as a lower confining unit. _____ •
9IC2628-3nTABLES.FSP06-l6-93/KPRl,
1 01 1
TABLE2
SOIL BORINGS ASSOCIATED WITHMONITORING WELLS
FORMER KOPPERS COMPANY, INC NEWPORT SITENEWPORT, DELAWARE
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TABLE 4
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL METHODSREMEDIAL INVESTIGATION
FORMER KOPPERS COMPANY, INC NEWPORT SITE, NEWPORT, DELAWARE
NOTES: (1) Total and dissolved for surface water, groundwater, and residential water.(2) Residential and groundwater methods may change subsequent to first round of
sampling.TCL-VOCs * Target Compound List Volatile Organic CompoundsTCL-BNAs » Target Compound list Base/Neutral Acid extractables.TAL = Target Analyte List
Method References:
t. "USEPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) Statement of Work (SOW) for Organics Analysis -r , Document No. OLM01.0 March 1990 with revisions up to OLM01.8 August 1991.
2. "USEPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) Statement of Work (SOW) for Inorganics Analysis -Document No. ILM02.0 with revisions up to ILM02.1 September 1991.
3. "USEPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) Statement of Work (SOW) for Polychlorinatdibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofiirahs (PCDF)" - Document N ^DFLMOL1 September 1991.
4. "USEPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) Statement of Work (SOW) for Low ConcentratiWater for Organic Analysis." October 1992.
5. "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA 600/4-79-020." 1979 (revised 198
"NOTES; - • ._ .- ''.'-'. .: .; • " • "-•'•"- -• '• -'' ' ,'* Estimated number, actual value will be determined during field investigation** Background soil samples will be collected from 5 locations.These samples will include surface soils and soilsat depth.The actual number of samples to be collected at depth from each location will be determined during the fieldinvestigation "_ , . * . . . , •*** 2 clay samples will be collected at depth (I from 2 boring locations)Trip blanks will be analyzed at a frequency of 1 per shipping container containing VOC samples. "A minimum of two subsurface soil samples will be submitted for analysis from each, boring. All soil samples will beanalyzed for TCL VOCs, Semi-VOCs, and TAL Metals. 20 % of the total will be analyzed for PCDDs/PCDFs .pesticide and PCBs. For chemical and geotechnical analytical methods see Tables 4 and 4a.
AR302U9I4TBL5FSP.XLS
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TABLES ' , 2of4PHASE I SAMPLING SUMMARY
Former Koppers Company Inc Newport SheNewport Delaware
-NOTES : ' - -•• , . •" ' • v _;- '. '; '• . ; : -. \ / •",'•- ;. " ,-Trip blanks will be analyzed at a frequency of 1 per shipping container containing VOC samples.All sediment samples will be analyzed tor TCL VOCs, Semi-VOCs, and TAL Metals. 20 % of the total will beanalysed for PCDDs/PCDFs and Pesticides/PCBs.For chemical and geotechnical analytical methods see Tables 4 and 4a , . '
FIELD QA/QC SAMPLES FOR SURFACE WATER SAMPLE COLLECTIONDuplicates ' ' , Y ' • ' -. . 3 v 1 ., • - . 4R'insate Blanks ; v , 3 . 1 ; 4MS/MSD " l • .":. • • . . - . ' 3 ' • " _ . • • - . 1 . ' - ' • - _ ; ' . - 4FieldBlanks Y ' ^ - 3 " V ' ' . 4Total including QA/QC samples , 60 , 19 79
NOTES ' , . . _ , _ - _ • .-•.;' • . ' - • " . . ' , . . . . " _ " • '-.. - . ' _ _ . ; ; > ; , " .Trip blanks will be analyzed at a frequency of 1 per shipping container containing VOC samples.All surface water samples will be analyzed for TCL VOCs, Semi-VOCs, Total TAL Metals andDissolved TAL Metals. 20 % of the total will be analyzed for PCDDs/PCDFs and Pesticides/PCBs.For chemical and geotechnical analytical methods see Tables 4 and 4a. •}
.NOTES - ; ' ; - . . ' - ' - • • • - . • ' . :.-,' . ' • ' ' . Y"-''' • - ' . . \ -* Number estimated, actual value will be based on residential well survey , , ; .Trip blanks will be analyzed at a frequency of 1 per shipping container containing VOC samples.A well cluster typically includes two wells. At six locations (including existing background well cluster), an intermediatewell is added. All groundwater samples will be analyzed for TCL VOCs, Semi-VOCs, Total TAL Metals andDissolved TAL Metals. 2p % of the total will be analyzed for PCDDs/PCDFs and Pesticides/PCBs.
- For chemical and geotechnical analytical methods see Tables 4 and 4a. :
Ix 500 ml plasticor glass bottleIx 500 ml plasticor glass bottleIx 1-liter (or quart)ambef glass bottle,. i ,3 x 40 ml glass vialsTeflon™ septum1x8 oz wide
, mouth glass jarIx8oz wide - ,mouth glass jar
Ix 4 oz widemouth glass jarIx32oz(canbejar or plastic bag)1 x shclby tube3 x 40 ml glass vials. ,Teflon™ septum1x8 oz wide,mouth glass jar
NOTES: (1) Holding time from time/date of sample collection to sample extraction/analysis,(2) Filter before adding preservative (acid).(3) When analyzing for semi-volatile organic compounds without PCBs/Pesticides,
*.'
Holding*1* Time -.
Extract - 7 daysAnalysis - 40 days
•Extract/Analysis -45 days
Not applicable
only 2 1-liter amberbottles are necessary.Analysis and extraction holding times are not specified in CLP method (see Table 15). The contractedlaboratory uses 45 days for all extractions and re-analyses to be performed. ;
Habitat: (u*e numben that correspond to Uu animal identification) ' ,
, Woods: - '__________,______ Bogr ___________Scrub/Shrub: __________ ' Open Water (SW or FW):.Open Field: ____;______• -______. River/Stream (SW or FW):Wetland: ______________• : Lake: 'Marsh (T or NT): * _______'._____ Pond: _____;______
- NT*Non-ridaJ-- SW»Sill Water - - FW-Freih W.ter)
Description of Habitat: ______-________^_____;________
ETidence of Human Activity:
Notes;
flB302520A FIGURE
.
Appendix A
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APPENDIX ATABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PROJECT TECHNICAL GUIDANCES FOR FORMER KOPPERSCOMPANY, INC NEWPORT SITE
' ' ' S: ' '
1 ' '
Number Section ,
1 AMBIENT AIR SURVEY2 TERRAIN CONDUCTIVITY SURVEY3 DECOOTAMINATION4 SOU-SAMPLING5 FIELD SCREENING HEADSPACE ANALYSIS6 BORING ABANDONMENT7 MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION AND DEVELOPMENT8 WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT9 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING10 SEDIMENT SAMPLING11 SURFACE WATER SAMPLING12 DRAINAGEWAY DISCHARGE ESTIMATION13 BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING14 WETLAND DELINEATION15 GPS OPERATION PROCEDURE
91C2628-1/SOP-APXA.KN/KPR4 _, , < A-l ' 01-31-94
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APPENDIX APROJECT TECHNICAL GUIDANCE
PURPOSE
The purpose of a Project Technical Guidance (PTG) is to define the specific proceduresand the QA/QC requirements for a sampling or measuring activity in the field or someother activity defined in the Work Plan. PTGs were written to apply to the specific tasksthat are used for former Koppers Company, Inc. Newport Site investigations.
GUIDELINES
Each PTG was prepared and approved prior to commencement of any activity utilizingthe procedure. A PTG was prepared for each appropriate field activity, including, butnot limited to, soil sampling, monitoring well installation, drilling, water sampling, anddecontamination of equipment
PTGs were prepared by the Task Leader or other qualified person as designated by theProject Manager. PTG were peer reviewed by qualified personnel designated by theProject Manager prior to submittal for approval. The Project QA/QC Officer alsoreviewed, each PTG in order to assess compliance with all appropriate QA/QCrequirements.
• '. ' ' " . •
CROSS-REFERENCE
PTGs serve as subsections of Appendix A to this FSP and arts': not intended to be usedindependently of the "SAP.
The PTGs, together with the SAP, satisfy the requirements of the EPA in definingspecific sampling procedures, procedures for sampling handling and custody, calibrationprocedures, field analytical procedures, and the QA/QC sampling requirements specificto' the 'PliO.
AR302523
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' • '• ' -- . ^_ : • ' • ' ' . ;iC'n-'*Al
PROJECT TECHNICAL GUIDANCE NUMBER 1
AMBIENT AIR SURVEY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
( - ' ' '• " .Section • " • • _ _ Zage.
1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE A.M
2.0 PROCEDURES FOR AMBIENT AIR SURVEY A.l-1
2,1 EQUIPMENT LIST 'A.l-12.2 CAUBRATION „ A.l-123 MEASUREMENTS ', A.l-1
2J.I Ambient Air Survey A.l-2
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1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
This document defines the standard procedures for conducting the ambient air surveyat the Koppers Newport Site. This Project Technical Guidance (PTG) serves as asupplement to the FSP. Survey locations and frequency are specified in the FSP.
2.0 PROCEDURES FOR AMBIENT AIR SURVEY• / . . ~ • . . • .. • i .
Each instrument will be calibrated prior to use. Calibration will be in accordance withthe manufacturers recommendations and specification. Records will be kept of thecalibration procedures.
23 MEASUREMENTS
Prior to the start of the ambient air survey background measurements will be takenupwind (or indoors) of the site and logged in the fieldbook. General weather conditionsincluding temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover, and wind conditions will berecorded in the fieldbook. At each survey location measurements with a PID, OVA,and Mini RAM will be takea Vegetative conditions, wind directions, any features suchas ponded water, debris piles will be noted at each location.
91C262&-1/SOM.FSP/KPR4 A4'U n O ft 9 C O C 01-91-94
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23.1 Ambient Air Survey
• \ ' ' . • • '• -• . • •A survey of the ambient air will be conducted twice at selected locations throughout thesite. Measurements will taken for organic vapors and respirable participates at each
. monitoring location. This survey will be done in addition to air monitoring duringintrusive activities as -discussed in the HSP.
Locations will include transects across PAOI 1 and 2 (approximately 12 locations ineach), and around the ponded areas in PAOI 3 and PAOI 4. Measurement stations willbe located and marked during the first round of the survey. Hie second round ofmeasurements will be taken at the locations established during the first round. Theselocations will be established relative to known locations such that they can be plotted ona site location plan. ,
1 ' . . . ' . , ' , . ' • ' '
Background measurements will taken upgradient (or upwind) of the site prior to eachi round of measurements. Weather conditions will be monitored prior to measurements*- . and the surveys will be conducted in as close to optimum conditions (relatively dry and
calm) as practical. Weather conditions will be logged at the onset of each round ofmeasurements and noted in the logbook at each of the monitoring locations. Weatherconditions as measured by the NOAA at the Wilmington Airport will be obtained forverification of conditions. These records will also be used to compare the conditions withSeasonal norms.
At each monitoring station, records will be kept of time of measurement, condition ofvegetative cover, significant topographic features ( ponds, berms, and man-made featuresor disturbances) and measurements from each instrument.
91C2628-1/SOP-1.FSP/KPR4 A.l-2 « rt O C O'C 01-31-94AR302526
Zl EQUIPMENT LIST A2-122 CAUBRAT1ON A2-123 BASELINE/BACKGROUND RE )INGS A2-12.4 FIELD PROCEDURES A2-2
3.0 DOCUMENTATION A2-3
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. . . . .1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
" ' , • , " . ' • ' * ' - • ' ' • ' • '•
This document defines the standard procedures for conducting the shallow penetrationterrain conductivity surveys at the former Kopper*s Company, Inc., Newport Site. Surveylocations are discussed in the appropriate section of the FSP text This PTG serves asa supplement to the FSP.' '9 ' . ' . '- ' . ' „ ^
2.0 PROCEDURES FOR TERRAIN CONDUCTIVITY SURVEY .
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST
• Geonics EM-31 with data logger ,• -- • •,'••.' " ^^ ' . > , i • • • • . :' •• Extra "C" batteries for the EM-31 :
. • Field notebook, waterproof pens and Site maps' ' • - ' • - Y • • - - " ' • . - . .- • • , '"•' ' ' - ' Y ' • • ' „ "'-. ' . • . • •
22 CALIBRATION, , • • • ' . . . ' * / . . .
The EM-31 will be calibrated daily according to the manufacturer's recommendationsand specifications.
23 BASELINE/BACKGROUND READINGS
Baseline or background terrain conductivity values will be measured by taking readingsalong a grid line in an undisturbed area on Site. Baseline values will be established onceprior to conducting the surveys.
The grid spacing of each area will be determined based on a screening survey._ . - - • - , ' • • , v . f t - '
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2.4 FIELD PROCEDURES
Field procedures for conducting an EM survey at the Site are described below. Someprocedures may change, depending upon conditions encountered during fieldmeasurements. V
• ."• " '''•.'•:''•'•' *• -' y ' - . " • . ' y '1, Perform Visual Survey of the Survey Area. The visual survey will note features
which may potentially affect the readings or performance of the survey. Thesurvey will note the following: ,
« Presence/absence of utility lines (above or below grbund) or nearbybuildings which may adversely affect readings. '
* The presence of large pieces of metal or other debris on the ground i•'. - .*. . "..' .surface. .,",'/. •' Y" \ , ''• . -.•.•.•• ,v. ' , : . ' . ' Y' "
• The extent of vegetation which may interfere with movement in andaround the survey area. :
2. Establish a Survey Grid. Based on the suspected size of each area and visual 'observation, a grid will be established over each survey area. Initially, a grid with25-foot centers will be established. Grid spacing may be altered if existingfeatures or observations indicate tighter measurements are appropriate. The
. perimeter grid for each area will be surveyed. Wooden stakes, flagging tape orequivalent would be used to identify measurement locations,
3. Measurements. The general procedures for obtaining terrain conductivitymeasurements are described below. , ! " .
* Collecting Readings. Readings collected at the designated stations willinclude a number of measurements. These will include variation of the
. instrument settings and orientation of the instrument The instrument will •be set to the vertical dipole mode, and readings will be taken in both 'L ;quadrature phase and in-phase at each station. Readings will also be
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.collected with the coils oriented east-west and in a north-south directionat each station. These readings will later be averaged to obtain a relativemeasure of field precision of the instrument.
. • -• Delineating Anomalous Features. When an anomaly (a measurablechange in readings) occurs along a grid line, the operator will delineate itsextent. This will be accomplished by obtaining measurements over the
^ grid until the anomalous feature is better delineated.' • , * ' ' • - . ' . ' • ' • ' - '
3.0 DOCUMENTATION' ; ' . " • . ' ' ' • ' ' , " "
All procedures, station numbers, coordinates, conductivity readings and Site conditionswill recorded in the field book. Hie record will include details such as weatherconditions and anomalous features.
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PROJECT TECHNICAL GUIDANCE NUMBER 3
, DECONTAMINATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Y ''.-•'' •; Page No.
1.0 INTRODUCnON AND TYPES OF CONTAMINATION A.3-1
2.0 PROCEDURE , A.3-1
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST , A.3-122 DECONTAMINATION x
„ 2.2.1 Personnel \ Y A3-22.2.2 Sampling Equipment A3-3223 DriUing and Heavy Equipment Y A -42.2.4 Equipment Leaving the Site A.3-4225 Wastewater A3-52.2.6 OtherWastes A.3-5
This document defines the standard procedure for decontamination at the KoppersNewport site. This Project Technical Guidance (PTG) serves as a supplement to theSAP, HSP, and the other PTGs.
The overall objective of multimedia sampling programs is to obtain samples whichaccurately depict the chemical, physical, and/or biological conditions at the samplingsite. Extraneous contaminant materials can be brought onto the sampling locationand/or introduced into the medium of interest during the sampling program (e.g. bybailing or pumping of groundwater with equipment previously contaminated at anothersampling site). Trace quantities of these contaminant materials can consequently becaptured in a sample and lead to false positive analytical results and, ultimately, to anincorrect assessment of the contaminant conditions associated with the site.Decontamination of sampling equipment (e.g., bailers, pumps, tubing, soil and sedimentsampling equipment) and field support equipment (e.g., drill rigs, vehicles) is thereforerequired prior to use at the Site to ensure that sampling cross-contamination isprevented, and that on-site contaminants are not carried off-site.
2,0 PROCEDURE
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST
The following is a list of equipment that may be needed to perform decontamination:• . ! ' ' . ' " • - - ' • ' • ' . ' "
• Brushes• Wash tubs• Y 'Buckets ' , . - ' ' ,' Y ' _ •.''.;•-•
t \ • Disposal drums (55-gallon with secure lids) Y"" • Sponges or paper towels
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""•;:;•/-'••.'• •••.•/ ''-y : "'.--' •••;.••.:;:'.' •••'." Y-'Q• Alconox detergent (or equivalent)• Potable tap water• Organic-free water Y • • ,• Isopropynol (pesticide grade of better)• Garden-type water sprayers .
22 DECONTAMINATION
2.2.1 Personnel >
A temporary personnel decontamination tine will be set up around each exclusion zone.If contamination is not encountered, a dry decontamination station may be establishedwhich consists of discarding of disposable.PPE.
If red-time monitoring instruments indicate that contamination has been encountered,(i.e. action levels are exceeded requiring an upgrade from initial PPE levels), or if the ,initial PPE is B or C, a complete personnel decontamination station will be established. . %x
The temporary decontamination line should provide space to wash and rinse boots/gloves, and all sampling or measuring equipment prior to placing the equipment into avehicle, and .a container to dispose of used disposable items such as gloves, tape or tyvek(if used). . i
The decontamination procedure for field personnel shall include:
1. Glove and boot wash in an Alconox solution .'.• i • • . ,2. Glove and boot rinse .3. Duct tape removal4. Outer glove removal5. Coverall removal ,6. Respirator removal (if used)7. Inner glove removal
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222 Sampling Equipmenti ' ' ' , ,- ''•'.'
The following steps will be used to decontaminate sampling equipment:
* Personnel will dress in suitable safety equipment to reduce personalexposure as required by the HSP.
• Gross contamination on equipment will be scraped off at the sampling orconstruction site.
• Equipment that will not be damaged by water will be placed in a wash tubcontaining Alconox or low-sudsing detergent along with potable water andscrubbed with a bristle brush or similar utensil. Equipment will be rinsedwith tap water in a second wash tub followed by a deionized water rinse.
• . Equipment that may be damaged by water will be carefully wiped cleanusing a sponge and detergent water and rinsed with tap water. Care willbe taken to prevent any equipment damage.
* Following the tap water rinse, the bailers, etc., will be rinsed withlaboratory-grade isopropynol.
• After the solvent rinse, the equipment will be rinsed with organic-freewater and followed by air drying.
• Rinse and detergent water will be replaced with new solutions betweenborings or sample locations.
Following decontamination, equipment will be placed in a clean area or on clean plastic* ' * . • ' 'sheeting to prevent contact with contaminated soil. If the equipment is not usedimmediately, the equipment will be covered or wrapped in plastic sheeting or heavy-dutytrash bags to minimize potential airborne contamination. . .
Drilling rigs will be decontaminated at the decontamination station. Thedecontamination station will be on concrete and will be designed to capture rinsate ina sump. The following steps will be used to decontaminate drilling, well development,and heavy equipment: \
• Personnel will dress in suitable safety equipment to reduce personalexposure as required by the HSP.1 . i " •
• Equipment showing gross contamination or having caked-pn drill cuttingswill be scraped with a scraper at the sampling or construction site.
• Equipment that will not be damaged by water, such as drill rigs, augers,drill bits, and shovels, will be sprayed with a hot water, high-pressure ,.washer (with soap), then rinsed with potable water. Care will be taken toadequately clean the insides of the hollow-stem augers and backhoe
' .--, buckets.
• Equipment used to measure water levels will be rinsed in a soap andpotable water wash, followed by a potable water rinse and adistilled/deionized water rinse.
Following decontamination, drilling equipment will be placed on the dean drill rig andmoved to a dean area. If the equipment is not used immediately, it should be stored\ • " ' • ' ' ,in a designated dean area.
2.2.4 Equipment Leaving the Site
Vehicles used for noncontamination activities shall be cleaned on an as-needed basis,as determined by the Site Safety Officer, using soap and water on the outside andvacuuming the inside. On-site cleaning will be required for very dirty vehicles which willbe leaving the area. On-site construction equipment such as trucks, drill rigs, backhoes,
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• ' • / - . . . , " , . " . . . - ' - - . .
trailers, etc., will be pressure washed on-site before the equipment is removed from thesite to limit exposure of off-site personnel to potential contaminants.
• ' . i * ' • •22£ Wastewater ,• i • . . i
Used wash and rinse solutions must be contained for disposal in accordance withapplicable federal, state and local requirements. Heavy equipment will bedecontaminated at the decontamination station, as discussed in Section 2.2.3. The sumpat the station will collect all rinsate water generated during decontamination ofequipment at the station. When the sump is full, the rinsate will be pumped from it to55-gaIlon drums. When each drum is full, they will be labelled with its contents and thedate, using paint or other permanent marker.
22.6 Other Wastes• - ' ' - , ' - • • " . • • , i
: . . • " . . / . - ' . , .
Solid wastes such as used personal protective equipment and used filters will be collectedin drums. When drums are full they will be sealed. Each drum will be labelled with itscontents and the date, using paint or other permanent marker. Drums will be stored onsite for later handling or disposal.
I ' ' • ' -, - '
23 DOCUMENTATION
' " - , ' . ' * ' . • , • • ' 'Sampling personnel will be responsible for documenting the decontamination ofsampling and drilling equipment The documentation will be recorded in the sampler'sfield notebook. The information entered in the field book concerning decontaminationshould include the following:
/ • ' y ' • >' •' •• y _ ' . ,• • • . v '••' -...•' •."• Decontamination personnel• Date and start and end times* ' - -•* Decontamination observations • }• Weather conditions
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3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS
Equipment rinsate blank samples will be taken of the decontaminated samplingequipment to verify the effectiveness of the decontamination procedures. The rinsateblank procedure will include rinsing deionized water through or over a decontaminated» , • ' • ' • " ' . - ' - .sampling tool (such as a split spoon sampler) and collecting the rinsate water into thesample bottles, which will be sent to the laboratory for analysis. The rinsate procedure,including the sample number, will be recorded in the, field notebook;
• f
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PROJECT TECHNICAL GUIDANCE NUMBER 4
SOIL SAMPLING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section . Page, ' - ' ' • • - . . • ' i
1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE A.4-1
2.0 PROCEDURES FOR SOIL SAMPLING -A.4-1
•'-..- 2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST A.4-12.2 DECONTAMINATION A.4-223 SUBSURFACE SOIL SAMPLING A.4-22.4 FIELD QUALITY ASSURANCE/
QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES A.4-42S SAMPLE IDENTTHCAllON, HANDLING,
AND DOCUMENTATION A.4-5I j 2.6 DOCUMENTATION A.4-5
The purpose of this document is to define the standard procedure for collecting soilsamples at Site. This procedure gives descriptions of equipment, field procedures, andQA/QC procedures necessary to collect soil samples. The sample locations for theindividual sites and frequency of collection are specified in the text of the FSP.
» Surveyor's stakes. • • .. . ^• Surveyor's flags• Aluminum foil• Field books/field sheets •'.;•* Stainless steel knife ,« Sample bottles provided by the laboratory« Sample bottle labels (provided by the laboratory)« Label tape (dear) , Y• Paper towels• Waterproof and permanent marking pens.• Plastic sheeting
* • Plasticbags• Appropriate health and safety equipment, as specified in the HSP• Appropriate decontamination supplies
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22 DECONTAMINATION
Before drilling or sampling begins, the drilling and sampling equipment will bedecontaminated according to the procedures contained in PTG No. 3. Drilling andsampling equipment will be decontaminated between boring and sampling locations.Sampling equipment will also be decontaminated between collection of samples fromdifferent depths at the same location.
23 SUBSURFACE SOIL SAMPLING
Subsurface soil sampling will begin by auger drilling a boring, using machine drivenhollow stem flight augers (HSA). A split-spoon sampler will be used for samplecollection. A HSA finger plug installed in the bit may be used to prevent soil materialfrom entering into the interior of the hollow stem augers. Penetration resistance (blowcounts) for each 6-inch increment will be recorded on the field boring log. Surface soilsamples will be collected with Stainless steel spoons or trowels.
The procedure for collecting, labeling, storing, and transporting subsurface soil samplesis described below: <
• Record the boring location on a site map and in the field log book
'''••',•. • Decontaminate the drilling and sampling equipment according to PTG' - ' '• .' No-3 ' -. ; -•••''[ : -'; •' "- ' : . '- ; V Y. :'
• Select the appropriate sampler and collect the soil samples using thedrilling rig or hand equipment at the intervals stated in the FSP
• Don a clean pair of rubber or surgical gloves v
• Open the split-spoon sampler and measure the recovery and scrape off any; soil smear zone from the recovered sample with a dean stainless steel
t / knife or spatula.
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* Determine and identify the use of the recovered sample. This will alwaysbe for soil classification and stratigraphic logging, but may also be forchemical, headspace, or geotechnical analysis.
• Where chemical analysis of the sample is required, the individual bottleswill be identified and filled in the following order:
• ' ' . • •'- Metals . . YY- ' • Y "•• -1-' " - • •• Y YY •>-,---, Other analysis , \
The required analyses are stated in the FSP, The number of additional samples retainedfor chemical analysis that will be submitted to the analytical laboratory will be a fielddecision made by the sampling team and the field manager.
• If headspace analysis is required, retain and perform the analysesaccording to PTG No. 5. If geotechnical analysis is required, retain thesample for submittal to the laboratory for physical properties testing. Thesamples retained for these analyses are stated in the FSP.
• Complete the lithologic description of the recovered sample according tothe Unified Soil Classification System.
* • Label, store, transport and document the samples (depending on the useof the sample) according to the FSP.
Any boring advanced with a drilling rig that is not used for a well will be abandonedwith a Cement bentonite mixture according to PTG No. 8.
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FIELD QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES
Field Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) samples are designed to help identifyand minimize potential sources of sample contamination due to field procedures and toevaluate potential error introduced by sample collection and handling. All field QA/QCsamples are labeled with QA/QC identification numbers and sent to the laboratory withthe other samples for analyses.
Rinsate Blanks
A field blank sample of sampling equipment is intended to check if decontaminationprocedures have been effective. For the soil sampling operation, a field blank will becollected from the decontaminated sampling equipment before it is used to obtain thesample. Deionized water will be rinsed over the decontaminated sampling apparatusand transferred to the sample bottles. The same parameters that are being analyzed inthe soil samples will be analyzed in the field blank. The field blank will be assigned aQA/QC sample identification number/stored in an iced cooler, and shipped to thelaboratory.
1 '- Y' '"""••• • •• ,• • - ; '• • • "' - •' ' "Field Blanks , ^ - '<'-".' Y - >'• - ' ^ ' • - " . ' . , ' ' . . . i .A field blank is intended to check if the presence of volatile organic compounds in theambient air interfere with the analysis of VOCs in the sample results. Deionized waterwill be poured from a container to VOC sample glassware and then analyzed for VOCs.Field blanks will be collected where VOCs are analyzed in groundwater at the request'of the EPA. •; . • ' ; . : ' ' •'•'. ''" • Y "." • '•' • -<:' •-.. Y ' ' '. ".'1 ' ..'•-"',''• • . ; • / •Duplicate Samples -1 . -' Y '
Duplicate samples are samples collected as dose as possible to each other in time andspace to check for the natural sample variance and the consistency of,field techniquesand laboratory analysis. Use duplicate samples will be collected at the same time as theinitial samples. Hie duplicate sample will be handled in the same manner as the
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. . , ( .primary sample. The duplicate sample will be assigned a QA/QC identification number,stored in an iced cooler, and shipped to the laboratory on the day it is collected.
Matrix spikes are used to determine the long-term precision and accuracy of thelaboratory analytical method on various matrices. For this procedure duplicate samplesare collected with the field samples and spiking is done by the lab. Due to the limitedvolume of the split-spoon samplers that will be used to collect analytical samples, it willnot be possible in many instances to collect matrix spike and matrix spike duplicatesamples in a separate set of bottleware. The volume of soil (and sediment) necessaryfor analytical work is small enough to allow the analysis of matrix spike and matrix spikeduplicate samples from the same bottleware as is used for the primary sample (providedthat the bottleware for the primary sample is reasonably full). Samples must be labeledas matrix spikes for the lab. Enough additional sample for both the matrix spike andmatrix spike duplicate samples should be collected from the same location., y . " .Y v •"' • " VY • ' : . : - ' :-. : "'-Y' ;' ''.'."2.5 SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION, HANDLING, AND DOCUMENTATION
Samples will be identified, handled and recorded as described in the FSP and this PTG,1and PTG No. 6. The parameters for analysis and preservation are specified in the SAP.
The most important aspect of documentation is thorough, organized, and accurate recordkeeping. All information pertinent to the investigation will be recorded in a boundlogbook. Entries in the logbook will include the following, as applicable:
i • Project name and number1 " - • '
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Sampler's name .Date and time of sample collection •* YLocation number, sample I.D., location, and depthSampling methodObservations at the sampling siteUnusual conditions ,Information concerning drilling decisionsDecontamination observationsWeather conditionsNames and addresses of field ContactsNames and responsibilities of field crew membersN?unes and titles of any site visitorsReferences for all mapsInformation concerning sampling changes, scheduling modifications, andchange ordersSummary of daily tasks and documentation on any cost or scope of workchanges required by field conditions Y
A site-specific logging procedure will be developed to include sufficient information sothat the sampling activity can be reconstructed without relying on the memory of fieldpersonnel. The logbooks will be kept in the field team member's possession or in asecure place during the investigation. Following the investigation, the logbooks willbecome a part of the final project file. ' Y •
2.62 Boring Logs :
/. Y Boring logs will be completed for each boring by qualified personnel (geologist,geological engineer, or geotechnical engineer). Boring logs may be recorded in the field
v , book./. ' • . - • ' • • • ' ; - . " " , • - - . . ; ' . - ; • Y - ; . . . • • ' • •,-"''•• * ' ' ' . "•,'•' ' i r ' ' . . -.Boring logs will include the following information:
. .. .Drilling company -Drilling equipment and methodDate started and completedCompletion depth <Logger . ' • - ; . - . ' ; • . - ' , - . . - ' ' • ' • . 'Description of lithologies by depth including soil or rock type, moisturecontent, color and Unified Soil Classification.Blow counts (if appropriate)Type of split-spoon samples and weight of hammer usedSamples collected, intervals and types ,Sample recoveryOrigin of the lithologies (fill, loess, glacial till, glacial outwash, alluviumof colluvium, etc.)Other remarks or observations
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YYY . Y • ..• ". ,•.-.;: -. • •..••--,:. :."-.-'PROJECT TECHNICAL GUIDANCE NUMBER 5
FIELD SCREENING' HEADSPACE ANALYSIS .
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section > . Page No.' ' ' ' . - ' , ' " ' '
1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE A -l
2.0 IDENTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE AJ-1
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST A.5-12.2 FIELD SCREENING PROCEDURES A.5-22.3 ORGANIC VAPOR ANALYZER SELECTION2.4 CAliBRATTON
DOCUMENTATION
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1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
This document defines the standard procedure for performing headspace analysis of soilsamples in the field at the Koppers Newport site. The headspace analysis will be one rof the tools used to collect Level 1 data from soil sampling locations so that acomparison of samples collected from various depths at any one location can be madein order to select soil samples for laboratory analytical work. The instruments describedin this PTG will be used for obtaining a qualitative estimate of total organic vaporlevelsbetween samples collected from various depths at any one location; thus detailsregarding instrument calibration, GC columns, etc*, are not included.
1 • ' " . ' » • • • '• x : ' . •This Project Technical Guidance (PTG) serves as a supplement to the FSP, and givesthe description of equipment and procedures for field screening of soil samples. Samplelocations and frequency of collection are specified in the FSP. Y
2.0 IDENTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE \
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST
I ' ' : ' . '
The following equipment is required for headspace analysis:
« Qean glass sample containers ' Y
»••' . • Papertowels
• Aluminum foil -
• Organic vapor analyzer equipped with a photoionization detector (PID)and flame ionization detector (FID)
* Fieldbook
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22 FIELD SCREENING PROCEDURES
A portion of each soil sample will be placed in the appropriate glass container. Thecontainer should be filled approximately three-fourths full of soil, if possible. The mouthof the container will be covered with aluminum foil, tightly capped, and the samples willbe allowed to equilibrate. Care must be taken in the selection of soils with respect toconsistency and sample placement in the container in order to achieve comparability andconsistency. If the samples are collected during cold weather, they will be set aside ina heated building and allowed to equilibrate to room temperature (for one hour) priorto measurement/ • , : . ' *
The sample beadspace in the container shall be analyzed with an organic vapor analyzerby removing the lid and inserting the instrument probe through the foil liner. Thesemeasurements will be used, in part, for the selection of samples to be.sent to thelaboratory for chemical analyses, as discussed in the WP and the FSP. Other factors to
'/ be taken into account regarding this determination are visual and olfactory observations.
23 ORGANIC VAPOR ANALYZER SELECTION
The FID will be used initially to measure the presence of organic vapors in thebeadspace of the jarred sample. If a positive detection of organic vapors is identifiedwith the FID, a PID will be used tp determine whether the FID measurement was dueto organic vapors (positive detection on the PID), or if the FID measurement was due
. to methane (no detection on PID). .1 . . " . . . ' " ' ' ' Y
2A CALIBRATIONx ' , .. i ^ •. ^ , . , i
The instniment(s) selected for use in accordance with data quality objectives and siterequirements will be calibrated according to the manufacturers recommendations and
* * ^ , ,• '- • " • "Specifications.
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2.5 DOCUMENTATION
All procedures and field conditions Will be recorded in the field log book. The recordwill include a description of the material being screened as well as site conditions suchas humidity and the equilibration time and temperature. <
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST A.6-12.2 ABANDONMENT PROCEDURES A.6-J23 DOCUMENTATION A.6-2
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1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
This document defines the standard procedure for abandoning borings at the KoppersNewport site. This Project Technical Guidance (PTG) serves as a supplement to theSAP, and gives descriptions of equipment and field procedures necessary to abandonborings. " • Y ''. Y
2.0 BORING ABANDONMENT PROCEDURES
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST
The following is an equipment list for boring abandonment:
.' - • -• •••' Cement .. .- •-' • V -.;'•-' • ' • , '• Powdered bentonite• Potable water• Drill rig• Logbook Y ' ' -.• Appropriate health and safety equipment ,
22 ABANDONMENT PROCEDURES
Upon completion of drilling, each boring, with the exception of borings converted tomonitoring wells, will be abandoned, (as per DNREC Regulations) by filling with a 5percent cement/bentonite grout (7 gallons of potable water to 94 pound sack of PortlandType I cement to 5 pounds of bentonite, a sodium-based bentonite may be used). Forshallow soil borings, the grout will typically be mixed in bucket or wheelbarrow andpoured directly into the boring after removal of the augers, For, pilot holes associatedwith well clusters including an intermediate well, the hole will be grouted via a tremieline placed to the bottom of the borehole so that the grout displaces any drillingfluid/groundwater from the bottom of the hole upwards. Borings that are advancedbelow the water table will be abandoned in the same manner as that for the pilot hole.
"
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23 DOCUMENTATION
Observations and data acquired in the field during boring abandonment will be recordedto provide a permanent record. The volume of grout placed into the borehole and itsmixture will be recorded. These observations will be recorded in a bound weatherprooffield book. A boring log will be completed for each boring with the observationsrecorded in the field book. A note shall be placed on the boring log that the boring wasabandoned and filled.
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PROJECT TECHNICAL GUIDANCE NUMBER 7- i ' • • ' ' ' " • ' . ' '
MONITORING \VELL INSTALLATION AND DEVELOPMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Y " • '•' Y' Y ' ' ' • •• • .Y ••' Y" '•'•.",' Y •'• / ; 'Section Page No. "••
1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE A.7-1
2.0 PROCEDURES FOR DRILLING AND MONITORINGWELL INSTALLATION A.7-1
The purpose of this document is to define the Project Technical Guidarice (PTG) andnecessary equipment for installation and development of groundwater monitoring wellsat the former Koppers Company, Inc., Newport Site. This PTG addresses .allgroundwater monitoring wells to be constructed at the Site. The step-by-step proceduresdescribed herein are sufficiently detailed to allow field personnel to properly install and
Y develop wells. The well locations will be specified in the FSP.
This PTG serves as a supplement to the FSP and is intended to be used together withthe FSP and several other PTGs. Specific details for well materials, bit sizes etc. to beused in all wells constructed may be found in the FSP.- PTG No. 3 describes thedecontamination procedures which are applicable to this PTG. • ]:
' .....' ' . ' •' " '' ' , • *' •2.0 PROCEDURES FOR DRILLING AND MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION
"' ".'•- : ' -; - .' .•••/•'Y-" . - •"- -'• :'--' '. ' :This section details the required equipment, drilling and installation procedures, anddocumentation procedures for installation of groundwater monitoring wells at the Site.
24 EQUIPMENT LIST
The following is an equipment list for well installation:. ' ' ' " • • ' ' . ' ' " ' . ' • • ; ' • ' • ' " ' N ' ' - .
' • " ' ' , ' •- ; " . •
• Well casing and well screen, 2-inch ID, PVC-, Y • 12-inch diameter steel casing (intermediate wells) / Y
• Bentonite pellets• Filter pack sand*' •' • •.'' * . - • i •- • > . , .• Cement and bentonite for grouting• Centralizers .• Protective well casing with locking cap
l j ' " • Steel guard posts• High-pressure steamer/cleanser Y
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• Long-handled bristle brushes• Wash/rinse tub*• , - Alconox detergent , .» Location map :•• Drilling rig capable of installing wells to the desired depth in the expected
formation materials and conditions• Plastic bags (Ziploc)
; • Self-adhesive labels - :* Weighted tape measure• Water level probe , :• Deionized water• Appropriate health and safety equipment• Logbook• t Boring log sheets ;
; • Well construction form /
22 DRILLING AND WELL INSTALLATION PROCEDURES
2.2.1 Drilling Technique
General Procedures:
• The boring locations will be located by measuring from stakes placedacross the site in a grid pattern by the contracted surveyor, or by using aglobal positioning system (GPS).
• The Project Manager wfll review, the scope of work with the drilling' subcontractor to assure that proper equipment is available, and that the
field operations and health and safety requirements are understood.
• Underground cable and power line locations will be determined beforeboring activity begins.
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• Drill rigs and tools (samplers, augers, wrenches, etc.) will be steamcleaned by the drilling contractor prior to entering the Site.
• The drill rig will be inspected for leaks of hydraulic fluids, fuel,etc., priorto moving into the Site. All visible leaks in hoses and/or seals will be
• A WCC geologist will be on-site during all drilling operations to inspectsoil samples and to maintain an accurate geologic log for each boring.The inspector will be responsible for ensuring that the drilling performedby the contractor is in accordance with project specifications. Allinformation regarding the boring activities will be recorded in a fieldnotebook.
• The inspector shall instruct the driller to position the drill rig over thei ; staked location of the boring. If the actual location of the drill hole is^ j. .• changed from the stake, displacement shall be indicated on the boring log,
the boring location plan, and the field book. .
. • All depths and lengths shall be measured and recorded to the nearest 0.1foot. The inspector shall not . rely ', completely on the driller'smeasurements, and shall periodically check these measurements on his/her
; '' Y ' owa • -' ' • • > -'' - ' ' • • ' ' '•
• The geologist will describe any changes in lithology, color, or odor ofsubsurface materials (if respiratory protection is not required as per theHASP) and will note encountered, and if possible overnight, groundwaterlevel data on boring log forms.- • i • • - ' . - • • . •* , . • • ' . , . .
- ' • * > • . . " . ' '• Air quality monitoring will be performed continuously during drilling asdescribed in the HASP.
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• Hollow stem augers (HSA) techniques will be used to advance theborehole for shallow well installations and rotary techniques will initiallybe used for intermediate depth well installations.
• A mud (recycling) tub will be used for any rotary technique required toadvance the borehole in order to minimize the loss of drilling fluids to theground surface.
• * ' • '•' • . '. • f ' ' : • '. ' i . • '. '• Two-inch (I.D.) split-spoon soil samples will be taken in advance of the
drilling tool. Three-inch (I.D.) split-spoon soil samples will be collectedfrom depth intervals where chemical analysis of the soils may beperformed.
•• •' .' *. '• Connection of drilling tools will not be lubricated with petrochemical
,. lubricants. Threaded connections will be cleaned using wire brushes anda string gasket may be used at connections.
• Only clean potable water will be used if it becomes necessary to clear thehollow stem of debris or sediments.
• In wet or muddy conditions, the tires of the rig will be covered with plasticto minimize tracking potentially contaminated spoils from the work areato the decon padY
• All downhole tools and mud tubs will be steam cleaned inside and outside, between boring locations.
• All well components (screen, casing, centralizers, caps,etc.) will be steamcleaned inside and outside between boring locations).* ' ' . " . ' ' ' • ' , '
• All drilling fluid recycling tools (pumps and hoses) will be flushed withalconox and clean potable water, and rinsed with clean potable water uponcompletion of tasks such as completion of borehole where the drilling , ,method utilized repaired the use of such. -
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• Cleaned augers and tools will be kept on either plastic sheeting, pallets orraised blocks in order to keep them up off of the 'ground.
A legible, concise and complete record of all significant information pertaining to drillingand sampling operations within each borehole must be maintained concurrent with theadvancement of the hole. This information shall be recorded in the field book. Inaddition, the information may also be recorded on a field boring log. It is theresponsibility of the inspector to make certain that the selection of logs is consistent withproject needs and approved by the Project Manager. The source of description, if notbased on the recovered soil sample, shall be noted on the boring log.
Required information in the field book and on the boring log shall include the following:
• Description of soil samples• Drilling technique (i.e.) HSA, 'rotary, etc.• Sampling device (i.e.) 2-inch split-spoon sampler, Shelby tube, etc. *• Depth or elevation of strata changes Y' , , • • ' • ' • - ' • . i .• . Number of blows per 6-inch penetration of the split-spoon and weight of
hammer used during the Standard Penetration Test• Number of blows per 6-inch or one-foot of penetration of steel casing• Location and number of split-spoon and undisturbed tube samples• Length of recovered sample
In addition to the required information indicated in the field book, pertinent informationsuch as the following will be included:
• Offset (magnitude and direction) of as-drilled location from stakedlocation
• Depth and condition of casing• Depth of introduction of drilling fluid and type of drilling fluid• Loss of samples• Change in color of drilling fluid and characteristics of soil cuttingsi • - • . • ' . . - • ' '• Upward boiling of bottom of borehole' • ' ' . ' - " ' -, - • . - • .• Loss of drilling fluid (amount and depth)
. . . . .• Change in resistance to rotary or HSA drilling ,• Artesian conditions noting water flow, duration flow observed• Occurrence and depth of obstructions, including cobbles and boulders• Stoppage and resumption of drilling operations• Conditions of undisturbed samples
23 MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION
The purpose of monitoring well installation is to determine the hydrologic characteristicsof aquifers underlying the Site, and to obtain samples of groundwater that can beconsidered representative of the chemical quality of groundwater in the underlyingaquifers. Well material specifications are detailed in the FSP.
Factors that were considered in- determining the method of well installation and >particulars of well design indude: N—
. . ' . . '.-••"''•'• •. ' i1. The expected nature of the materials to be encountered.2. Diameter and depth of well casing.3. Expected transmissivity and storage coefficient of the aquifers,4. Water level conditions and trends.S. Water quality, and type and concentrations of contaminants.
Monitoring well design will meet two basic criteria: (1) water must move freely into thewell, and (2) vertical migration of surface water or undesired groundwater to the wellintake zone must be minimized.
Newly packaged well casing and screens will be used in all monitoring wells. Casingsections will have flush, threaded, joints to insure that a well-developed seal can beobtained. Only non-petrochemical greases, if any, will be used during drilling.
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232 .Well Construction Specifications
The procedure for installing a monitoring well with slotted screen completion is asfollows: ,
' • * ' • ' ^ • ' ' ; . * • ' ' • . •
• Upon completion of the test boring the borehole will be sounded to verifycompletion depth and to check for caved-in materials.
• If the borehole has caved, the materials will be flushed from the boreholeusing a jetting or rotary technique with potable water. Casing will beadvanced to the approximated depth of cave-in to insure an open work
• • • Y ,• space. ;. . . Y ' ' " ' ' • ' • . •
• Once the borehole has been cleaned the screen and riser pipe (allconnections will be new threaded flush joints) will be lowered to design
i . depth and held stationary by either a pull plug, or wrench resting atop the~ auger/casing. Each well shall have a threaded plug on the screen bottom
or a cap will be fixed with stainless steel screws.
; • A gravel pack shall be placed around and at least 2-foot above the screen.Continuous measurements should be taken to insure the gravel pack hasnot bridged inside the casing. The gravel pack should be dropped slowlyin order to develop even distribution around the screen.
• ' The riser pipe should be rotated slowly or vibrated while the gravel packis being dropped to minimize bridging. (If the gravel pack should bridge,either slowly raise and lower the augers/casing or add dean potable waterinside the riser to displace the bridge.)
• While the gravel pack is being dropped the augers/casing should be pulledout of the borehole, with at least 6- to 12-inches of sand remaining inside
, the augers/casing.
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Y • When the gravel pack is approximately 2-foot above the well screen, thedepth to sand should be recorded (measurements should be takencompletely around the annulus to verify even distribution of the gravelpack). A 2-foot thick (minimum) bentonite pellet seal shall then beplaced above the gravel pack. However, a thinner bentonite seal may beused where shallow well installations do not allow for a 2-foot thick seal.
• Careful measurements should be taken to verify the thickness of thebentonite pellet seal. The augers/casing should be backed out to the topof the bentonite seal and a measurement taken to verify the depth of theseal. Allow approximately 15 minutes for the pellets to swell prior toplacement of the grout-bentonite slurry.
• Above the bentonite seal, a grout-bentonite slurry (the slurry shall consistof a mixture of cement and bentonite powder shall be pumped through atremie pipe to fill the annular space from the bottom to the top.
' ' ' - ' • . . ' ' . / ,• After the auger/casing is removed, a protective steel casing, with padlockY will be placed over the riser pipe. The outer casing shall be temporarily
blocked to allow at least 2- to 3-inches of open space between the outercasing and riser pipe. A concrete pad will be placed around the protectivecasing. Hie concrete pad will be placed 1/2-foot below ground surface andwill be approximately 3 feet in diameter.
• All riser pipes will have snug fitting, or threaded, vented caps.
2.4 DOCUMENTATION
Observations and data acquired in, the field during drilling and installation of wells willbe recorded to provide a permanent record, These observations will be recorded in abound weatherproof field book. Notes will be recorded daily when in the field. Theinformation in the field book will include the following as a minimum:
» Project name and number
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. • Observer's name " Y• Drilling and well installation observations
' • Decontamination observations as described in PTG No. 3• Weather conditions -
A boring log will be completed for each boring with the observations recorded in thefield book.
The well installation details will be shown in a diagram which will be drawn in the fieldbook. Each well diagram will consist of the following (denoted in order of decreasingdepth from ground surface):
• Bottom of the boring• Casing depth (if intermediate casing is left in the hole)• Screen location(s)• Filter pack \• Bentonite seals Y« Cave-in locations« Centralizers• Height of riser without cap (above ground surface)* Protective casing detail
Y Additional documentation for well construction hi the field book will include thefollowing:
* Grout, sand, and bentonite volume calculations prior to well installation.• The quantity and composition of the grout, seals, and filter pack actually
used during construction.• Screen slot size (in inches), slot configuration, outside diameter, nominal
inside diameter, schedule/thickness, composition, and manufacturer.Y * Coupling/joint design and composition. ~ /
• Centtalizer design and compositioa• Protective casing composition and nominal inside diameter.;• Start and completion dates.
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. • Discussion of all procedures and any problems encountered during drillingand well construction,
3.0 WELL DEVELOPMENT PROCEDURE i' • Y ' '...'-' • . - / _• " • ••••••. ' • .. . • • :' ' : - •• , i
The purpose of well development is to remove well drilling fluids, solids, or otherparticulates which may have been introduced or deposited on the boring wall in arecently installed well during drilling and construction activities/ This restores thehydraulic conductivity of the aquifer material surrounding the well to near pre-wellinstallation conditions. Properly developed monitoring wells allow for the collection ofground water samples which are chemically and physically representative of the aquiferof concern. The procedure is also applicable to older or improperly developed wellswhich are suspected of not providing representative groundwater samples.
' . . " ' • • - • ' • . i • . ,
This section describes the equipment, methods, and documentation which shall be usedfor developing groundwater monitoring wells; V • >
The following items are required to properly develop groundwater monitoring wells: ,
... • ; Wellkeys , / . ,, : .( • ' / - ' '. Y '. - • .' ' -• Electronic water level indicator or tape'and plopper -• Field notebookt Portable electric generator, for wells with submersible pumps• f - ' "; *. ' ' . t• PVQ teflon or stainless steel bailer (sized appropriately for well)* Nylon or polypropylene rope or wireline (for deep wells) for bailing» 5-gallon bucket:- , , . . ' ~ ' ~ * . '. . i* Drums or other large container for development water• Appropriate health and safety equipment• , Alconox soap (or equivalent)» Potable tap water "• Distilled or deionized water• Y Decontamination buckets/pails
The development of a newly installed monitoring well will proceed only after thecement/bentonite grout has been allowed to set for a minimum of 48 hours. Monitoring
Y well development activities shall be. completed prior to purging and groundwatersampling for analytical testing. Before development begins, the development equipmentwill be decontaminated according to the procedures described in PTG No. 3. Equipmentcoming in contact with the well will also be decontaminated between wells,.
Monitoring well development is accomplished using a bailer or a hand pump, orsubmersible pump to flush the screen, sand pack material, and borehole wall of finesediment resulting from well drilling and installation activities. This procedure alsoallows for the removal of fine sediment which may have accumulated within the inner
, •• well casing.
Development consists of removing a minimum of five well casing volumes of water' during well evacuation episodes. Well evacuation is the process of removing water from
throughout the entire water column by periodically lowering and raising the pump intakeor the point to which the bailer is lowered. Development water will be collected indrums or holding tanks for disposal.
The volume of water required for removal during development is calculated using thefollowing method:
1. Measure the depth to water in the well from the measuring point. Thisis usually a notched point on the top of the guide pipe which has been
i / 2- Measure the total depth of the well from the same measuring point usedfor measuring the depth to water!
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."' - ';''Y:'V' YV:;>:./-;'/:'V ;"•.; ...-.v.'-;y, •"•/ ;'U3. Calculate the height of water hi the well casing by subtracting the depth
of water from the total well depth.
4. Calculate the number of gallons of water corresponding to one wellvolume. This is done by multiplying the height of water in the well casingby the conversion factor corresponding to the inside diameter of the well .
• ''casing. (" -.•'•• • . '-"•.<•'' - t -. • Y ' ' Y' . •. - , •
The following equation shall be used to calculate the volume of water to be removedduring well evacuation:
For 2-inch well: i
Well Volume » (Total Well Depth - Water Level Depth) X 0.16 gal/ft - gallons/I well casing volume
Multiply the volume of one well casing volume by five to obtain the minimum volumeof water to be evacuated. ;
Monitoring well development activities will continue until the water removed from thewell is as dear of sediment as is practical or no further improvement in water quality isnoted. Regardless of the clarity of the water removed, a minimum of five well volumesof water will be removed. If the well is pumped or bailed dry, it will be allowed torecover. Y ". • . -.-' Y- •*•'.•"''• Y ''• ' • '•-••''' / •
Observations of well yield improvements, turbidity, and sand content will be monitoredthroughout the development process. Development will continue until there is nonoticeable improvement in well yield, turbidity, and sand content or until a minimum offive well volumes are removed. \ - :
3J 'DOCUMENTATION
Documentation of observations and data acquired in the field will provide informationon well development and also provide a permanent record. These observations and datawill be recorded in a bound weatherproof field book.
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YY:'Y,Y"': • -YY '.'/'••Y'-Y'- v'/'-'Y' .' •':As part of the development process, the following information will be recorded in the
- : field bdok: - '.
• Well designation< - - '' .• Well location• Date(s) and time of well development* Static water level from top of well casing before and after development
/ » Volume of water in well prior to development Yf Volume of water removed and time of removal• Depth from tbp of well casing to bottom of well• Screen length
. • Depth from top of well casing to top of sediment inside well, if present,before and after development
. • Physical character of removed water throughout development (color, 'odor,• -, •' • . ' • t . - •• / • . •and turbidity) ,
• Type and size/capadty of pump and/or bailer• Description of development technique '\• Decontamination observations• Wellyield /
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PROJECT TECHNICAL GUIDANCE NUMBER 8
WATER UTOL MEASUREMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS1 -
^ . . . . • • . •Section , ! . . ' Page No.
1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE A.8-1
2,0 WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE A.8-1
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST A.8-122 MEASURING PROCEDURE A.8-123 DECONTAMINATION A.8-2
This document defines the Project Technical Guidance (PTG) for measuring water levelsin wells at the Site. This PTG serves as a supplement to the FSP. This proceduredescribes equipment and field procedures necessary to collect water level measurements.
- The well locations and frequency of measurement are specified in the FSP. Thisprocedure is intended to be used together with the FSP and other PTGs. PTG No. 3describes decontamination procedures which are applicable to this PTG.
2.0 WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST
The equipment necessary to measure water levels includes: . .
i ' • Water level meter or tape and plopperi r r rrX""X * Water-oil interface probe ,
• PID or FID* Buckets for decontamination ,• Deionized or distilled water
.. • Spraybottie : _• Field notebook• Appropriate health and safety equipment
22 MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
This section gives the sequence of events to follow when measuring water levels.Appropriate health and safety equipment, as described in the HSP should be wornduring well opening, well measurement, and decontamination. If liquid-phase productsare anticipated in the monitoring well, an oil-water interface probe shall be used insteadof the, electric water level indicator or tape and plopper. Thickness of the product, ifpresent, will be recorded. ' ^
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• The water level probe or tape and plopper will be decontaminated priorto use in each monitoring well.
• ' . ' Y " ' ' Y', f • . " -• • • .' • ' " ' ' • ' '• . • /• The well will be approached from upwind, the well cap unlocked and
removed, and the air quality monitored in the casing and breathing zonewith PID or FID.
• Observations on air quality, well pad, surface or protective casing and. ' , ' • ' • ' ! * ' - -
other well conditions will be documented in the field notebook.
• The depth of the static .water level will be measured using an electronicwater level indicator, oil-water interface probe, tape and plopper or tapeand chalk. The measuring point for all the wells will be the top of theinner casing. If a reference mark is not found, then all well readings willbe referenced to the north rim of the monitoring well inner casing forstandardization. ' \
• The static water level will be measured and recorded in the field book.
• Care shall be taken to verify the readings during each water levelmeasurement period. Any significant changes in water level will be notedby comparing the most recent measurement with past measurements.
• After any measurement is taken, the water level probe shall bedecontaminated.
The water level indicator must be decontaminated before use, between wells, and at theconclusion of measurements. The probe will be decontaminated with a deionized ordistilled water rinse. !
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PROJECT TECHNICAL GUIDANCE NUMBER 9
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section -- Page No.
1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE A.9-1
2.0 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING PROCEDURES A.9-1
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST A.9-12.2 SAMPLING PROCEDURE A.9-3
"'2.4.1 Field Notes / ' , A.9-9^ 2.4.2 Well Volume Calculations A.9-9
3.0 CAUBRATION A.9-10
3.1 pH METER A.9-1032 CONDUCITVITY METER A.9-10
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1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
This document defines the standard procedure for collecting groundwater samples at theSite. This Project Technical Guidance (PTG) serves as a supplement to the FSP. Thisprocedure gives descriptions of equipment, field procedures, and QA/QC proceduresnecessary to collect groundwater. The sample locations and frequency of collection arespecified in the FSP.
This PTG is intended to be used together with the FSP and several other PTGs, Sampleidentification, handling, and documentation procedures are described in the FSP. PTGNo. 3 describes decontamination procedures which are also applicable to this FIG.;Health and safety procedures and equipment that will be required during theinvestigation are detailed in the Site Health and Safety Plan (HSP).
2.0 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING PROCEDURES. Y > •' • . . ' . •-''...-. Y .•.
or tape land chalk• Assorted tools (knife, screwdriver, etc.)» Nylon rope or twine• Deionized water* Polyethylene of glass container (for field parameter measurements)• • • * ' . ' •' • • • - ' " ' ' • •• Paper towels• Calculator
Y • Field notebook ,• Well completion information sheet • ; ' V J '• •','-. Waterproof and permanent marker
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• 55-gallon drum or holding tank for storing purged water . *• Appropriate health and safety equipment '• Appropriate decontamination equipment ;• Viscuene sheets
Equipment used during well sampling:
• ; Electronic water level measurement probe, oil-water interface probe, or, tape and plopper
• Nylon rope or twine• Thermometer* Conductivity and dissolved oxygen meters •• Deionized water• Cooler with ice • •. . • ~ .• Polyethylene or glass jar for measurement of field parameters• Sample jars and labels. Sample bottles with preservatives added will be
obtained from the analytical laboratory. Several extra sample bottles willbe obtained in case of breakage or other problems.
• Paper Towels• Field notebook/C-O-C forms/Sample Summary forms• Waterproof and permanent marker• Appropriate decontamination equipment '• Appropriate health and safety equipment• Filtering System• 0.45 micron filters• Kemmerer Sampler ,• Low velocity pump (100 ml/min. to 10 gal/ min)• Clean polyethylene tubing , ^
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.2.2 SAMPLING PROCEDURE
This section gives the step-by-step procedures for collecting groundwater samples in thefield. Observations made during sample collection should be recorded in the fieldnotebook and field data sheet Prior to groundwater sample collection, presence of anyimmiscible layers will be assessed using the oil/water interphase probe. Where NAPLis suspected from groundwater measurements, a Kemmerer sampler will be inserted tothe bottom of the well to check for DNAPL If non-aqueous phase liquids are notpresent, the groundwater wells will be purged prior to sampling. If non-aqueous phaseliquids are present a peristaltic pump with clean polyethylene tubing or clear teflonbailer will be lowered to the bottom of the well to collect the DNAPL and estimatevolume. The Project Manager will be contacted prior to sampling if NAPL is detected.
Before any purging or sampling begins, all well probes, pumps, bailers, and othersampling devices shall be decontaminated. If dedicated equipment is used, it should berinsed with distilled water. Mobile decontamination supplies will be provided so thatequipment can be decontaminated in the field. Each piece of purging or samplingequipment shall be decontaminated before sampling operations and between each well.Used solutions will be placed in the container with purged well water for disposal. Theprocedures presented in PTG No. 3, Decontamination, will be followed fordecontamination of field equipment and for personnel decontamination.
; ' • < ' ' ' '
222 Instrument Calibration .
" - . - - • * ' . ' . ;Electronic equipment used during sampling includes a submersible pump (if a bailer is• . ;'.',. ' ' . ' . ' ._ : •not used for purging), a pH meter with temperature scale and automatic temperaturecompensation, a conductivity meter and a water level measurement probe (if a tape andplopper is not used). Before going into the field, the sampler shall verify that theseinstruments are operating properly. The pH and conductivity meters require calibrationprior to use every day and must be recalibrated if they have been turned off. Specificinstructions for calibrating the instruments are given in Section 5.0 of this PTG.
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223
The purpose of well purging is to remove stagnant water from the well and obtainrepresentative water from the geologic formation being sampled while minimizingdisturbance to the collected samples. Before a sample is taken, the well will be purgeduntil a minimum of three well casing volumes have been removed or until the well ispumped and allowed to recover. Evacuated well water will be contained for properdisposal, and necessary precautions will be taken to prevent spilling of water.
Before well purging begins, the following procedures will be performed at each well:
* The condition of the outer well casing, concrete well pad, protective posts(if present), and any unusual conditions of the area around the well will•be. noted.
• The well will be opened. ^
• Appropriate readings will be taken in the breathing zone with an FID orPID according to the HSP.
• The condition of the inner well cap and casing will be noted.
* The depth of static water level will be measured (to nearest 0.1 foot) andrecorded from the marked measuring point on the top of the PVC wellcasing, and time indicated. If there is no measuring point marked on thewell casing, measurements will be made using the north side of the casingas a reference point. '
• During the first round of groundwater sampling, the total depth of the wellwill be measured from the same measuring point on the well casing andrecorded. During subsequent sampling rounds the well construction formwill be used as a determination bf well depth.
' ' '
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„. . .• The volume of water in the well casing will be calculated in gallons based
on feet of water and casing diameter. (See Section 2.4.2 for calculationof volumes.)
• From the above calculation, the three casing volumes to be evacuated willbe calculated. The pump rate will not exceed 10 gal/min.
* Dissolved oxygen and specific conductivity measurements will be collectedas the well is purged. These measurements will be collected prior todischarge from the purging system. y •
, ' ' • . ' , - ' - ; ' . , , • • .
* Purging will be considered complete when dissolved oxygen andconductivity measurements agree to within 10 percent or after three wellvolumes have been removed. Y
• If the Well pumped dry during evacuation, it can and will be assumed thatthe purpose of removing 3 well volumes of water has been accomplished,
Y that is, removing all stagnant water which had prolonged contact with thewell casing or air. If recovery is very slow, samples may be obtained assoon as sufficient water is available.
2.2.4 Sample Collection Y
Samples for chemical analysis will be collected within 24-hours after purging iscompleted. For slow recovering wells, the sample shaU be <X)Uected immediately aftera sufficient volume to achieve required detection limits is available. The followingsampling procedure is to be used at each well:
4. Confirm that preservatives have been added to bottles tor analyses thatrequire them (see QAPjP for.list of preservatives and correspondinganalyses).
5. Filtration apparatus is set up and ready for use. Samples will be filteredaccording to EPA QAD009 (see Attachment to this PTG).
' 6. The individual sample bottles should be filled in the order given below;
, - Total metals- Dissolved metals (from sampling device directly to filtering
apparatus)Other parameters -.' ' '
( i - Field test parameters (pH, specific conductance and temperature)
'• VOC sample vials should be completely filled so the water forms a convexmeniscus at the top, then capped so that no air space exists in the vial.Turn the vial over and tap it to check for bubbles in the vial whichindicate air space. If air bubbles are observed in the sample vial, discardthe sample and repeat the procedure until no air bubbles appear. Fillbottles for other parameters almost full.
Samples for dissolved metals will be filtered using a filtering system with0.45 micron filters. Y ;
* ' i *~ .
6. Time of sampling will be recorded.
7. Place sample bottles into an.iced cooler.
8. Tlie well cap will be replaced and locked.' 'i , > ; "• ' • . • .
9. Field documentation will be completed.
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Residential well samples will be analyzed by different methods than the groundwater(see text Table 4). ;
22.S Field Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures and Samples
The well sampling order will be dependent on expected levels of contamination in eachwell, if known, and will be determined prior to sampling. Sampling will progress fromthe least contaminated well to the most contaminated when possible. Qualityassurance/quality control (QA/QC) samples will be collected during groundwatersampling. i f
. '.'•'••""' ' • ' ' •' - . i .• ' FField QA/QC samples are designed to help identify potential sources of samplecontamination and evaluate potential error introduced by sample collection andhandling. All QA/QC samples are labeled with QA/QC identification numbers and sentto the laboratory with the other samples for analyses. ,
Rinsate Blanks > v ,, .
A rinsate blank sample of sampling equipment is intended to check if decontaminationprocedures have been effective. For the well sampling operation, a rinsate blank willbe collected from the decontaminated sampling equipment or filter equipment beforeit is used to obtain the sample, Deionized water will be rinsed over the decontaminatedsampling apparatus and transferred to the sample bottles. In addition, deionized waterwill be run through the filter system, used for the collection of dissolved metals samples,and into a bottle for the analysis of dissolved metals only. The same parameters thatare being analyzed in the groundwater 'samples will be analyzed in the rinsate blank.The rinsate blank is assigned a sample identification number, stored in an iced cooler,and shipped to the laboratory. Y
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Field Blanks , M
A field blank is intended to check if the presence of contaminants in the ambient airinterferes with the sample results. Deionized water will be poured from a container tosample glassware and then analyzed; field blanks will be collected for VOCs, semi-VOCs, and metals at the request of the EPA.
Duplicate Samples , ; Y-
Duplicate samples are samples collected side-by-side to check for the natural samplevariance and the consistency of field techniques and laboratory analysis. For thegroundwater sampling a duplicate sample Will be collected at the same time as the initialsample. The initial sample bottle for a particular parameter or set of parameters willbe filled first, then the duplicate sample bottle for the same parameters), and so onuntil all necessary sample bottles for both the initial sample and the duplicate samplehave been filled. The duplicate groundwater sample will be handled in the same manner . jas the primary sample. The duplicate sample will be assigned a QA/QC identification " Tnumber, stored in an iced cooler, and shipped to the laboratory;
Matrix Spikes and Matrix Spike Duplicates ;
Matrix spikes are used to determine long-term precision and accuracy of the laboratoryanalytical method on various matrices. For this procedure duplicate samples arecollected at the well and spiking is done by the lab. Samples are labeled as matrixspikes for the lab. The matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate will be collected at thesamewell.
Field notes shall be kept in a bound field book. The following information will berecorded: ,
« Names of personnel« Weather conditions .• Location and well number• Date and time of sampling v ^ ( ,• Condition of the well ,• Decontamination information -• Initial static water level and total well depth• Calculations (e.g., calculation of purged volume)• Volume of water purged• Analyses that will be performed by the laboratory• Sample identification number
• • Equipment calibration information /* Record of any QC samples from the Site• Conductivity, temperature and pH measurements
2.4.2 Well Volume Calculations
The following equation shall be used to calculate the volume of water to be removedduring well evacuation: ,
The pH meter must be calibrated each day before taking any readings of samples.Calibration and operation of the pH meter will follow the manufacturer's specificinstructions. In general, calibration is done by adjusting the meter with standard buffersthat bracket the expected pH of the field water. Calibration will consist of the. followinggeneral procedures:
1. Adjust the reading of the pH meter using the intercept knob with theelectrode placed in the pH 7 buffer by using the calibration knob. Rinse 'the electrodes with distilled water between buffer adjustments. Y
2. With the electrode placed in the pH 4 buffer, adjust the reading of themeter with the slope knob. Adjust using the temperature knob if themeter has no slope knob. ,
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 until the meter gives acceptable readings for all thebuffers used for calibration. '• . • ' • - . , - - ' ' ' ' • ; . • ' • ' • • • • . '
Note: Always use the same electrode for measurements that was used in the calibration.Recalibrate the meter if the electrode is replaced. Although the temperature setting onthe pH meter often does not match the sample temperature after calibration, the pHreadings will still be accurate in these cases provided that the response to the buffers is.correct : • •-. - • ' • . • - Y ••-,-. •''""''•..". . • ' / • < . •' ' "
3J /CONDUCTIVITY METER
• f ' . • r . - , ' . ' ' • . ' ^ LThe conductivity meter must be calibrated each day before taking field measurements.Record time, temperature, and instrument response in the meter notebook. Calibrationis done by noting the response of the meter to several standard conductivity solutionswhich bracket the values expected to be measured in the field., Standards of 100, 1000, 'and 10,000 /imhos/cm should be adequate for the samples expected. If the instrument
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has a calibration adjustment, set the response to match the standards. Otherwise, simplyrecord in the field notebook the instrument response to each standard.
FlfiLD nLTRAHON POUCT FOR MONITORING WELL GROUNDWATHt SAMPLESREQUIRING METALS ANALYSIS
The objective* of thij directive ar« (1) to formally state Region IH ROU and CERClAMficywhkireatiire*bodi Stc«d and uofiltcrcd groundwata1 sajnplci Car metal analyses; (2) to ontfine appropriate excepticoai to thestated policy: and (3) to provide tecbniml direction for the field QtratioB IIH
A itogk copf of ftk dinette ii provided to ib» iadwduil Wpitrt to rtpmcat ifr coomcmi, ft i tte MoooribiHiv afOut iadivtoal PO dUtnbua ttt» dJittin* wtthto th» cectrtear Qmaioiioa to lacmpriatt pmiaa 7
Concentrations of metal fflnfaypmenti measured in unffltered groondwaicr re jreseitf the total m ? prescac is thesample. Filtered samples represent dissolved mcmlt coocentrarion and are o. n mor» representative of mobilecontamination (sec ftrrcptions below). Monitoring wells sometimes produce turbid water (water L*™-.™—suspended solids). The turbidity can be due to disruption of the adjacent geologic formations during wefl porgiior poor detua and initial development of cha wdL • When parridet contamigg nmal mfteW ar» •oi p ^ j ^•oandwver and are not removed, they dissolve when the sinple is preserved to a pif<i Higji levels ofaluminum* " vga*1 ! and iron ta unfiltered sasndes often infflfntg the presence of these panicles* Wtthont
is of this mobito *"< ai contammatsoa ia the groundwater are nfrcn over "rrat d.. .There£onb |c is neesssary lo take twth flttend ud ai ^at a grvtn site. Since acid (low pH) may distort the distnbuzioa of aetab between putienlate tnd £ssoived ip*. Jprcservaciom for dissolved metal* sample* most be performed after filtzatioa. Because die oxidation state affeca fcjrsolubility of *ff**Vf Qtratlott tni'H fMT f imotediatefar after Mypliftftsolubility of *ff**Vf Qtratlott tni'H fMT f imotediatefar after
The etceptioas to the policy requiring both, fQtered and unaltered samples are:
Site qjccifie geolcgc condieoo -where crouadwacer nay transport largo partunihta and ot&t ,sampies axe reprcscnaove of mobile groundwtter qoalky (for exampla,, tant terrain or dean grxral Cades).Tltese site cooditioiis must be fajjy nrs 4 and "'"ettfffd in the Qualfy A&ronflce Project FStt (QAFiF).
Whes there ii sufficient historical data (a minimum of four coosecativv quarters) from the -wells that are to be sampled, then *h**n wefii may Call mto one of the fbflowicj excepcioa categories:
If tha hitfftrical infafmijifia thnua fKaf the purgmy and templing mfffftnHt *n tftt «me g ffr fpftfuyft fffbe used at future "ttnpifr't gyen>f, then eitocf PTM or uaChered ««**» *4 § appropriate tft* the hintorkaldata an acceptable for future sampling in these -wells,
b. If tho M torinl 'Tufengatiod shows IncoosLitevcj betweea the ultered nd unGUered ata. and afc levele ofaluminum are present IB the unCltered data» only QJtertd sample* are oeedcd. . ,
NOTE: Ejctrapolatffla of fr**f ricail i Bfi ft oi a ft**fft»4without a dearif justified ntdoiule. AM deviations frxxn talctnf GOTO flttered and nmHtered grtraadwmtecsamples for metalt auut be fully described and justified la the
TtCHNlCAt GUIDANCE FOR FILTRATION OF MONITORING WTLL SAMPLES FOR METALS ANALYSIS
L Designate aa area in which the Btn&on process is to take place. This area most have aa t****tttt and dnst>free eoraocmeaL When EiUration apparatus is not ifl use, keep U cpweied to protect from airborne partidofUse either a glass or f *tfir filtering apparatus. Stainless steel b unacceptable since it can contamlnatfi the '
Z filtration BUST be initiated ipuncdiitfely after sample collection. Record both the time of sampfc coHertiflfcierffiltratiaifc the field not
3. A 0.45 eucron filter k the required pore aze for deration. ' Other poretize fibers may be appropriate for sicespecific conditions-. However, deviations from the 0.45 micron pare liizeniusr be jreSMaad documented inthe QAFiP and field notebook. The pohcaifaonaie mgmbfang gfra k f rtmmrffil For hfrhfr rartad imaa dean glass fiber filter may be used as a "pre-fifter". When a pie-filler a used, p /y it on top of the 0.45 'micron filter, then filter the sample using the normal procedure. Dispose of the pre-fifcer and record a ceneratdescription of the turbidity of the sample in the field notebook.
4, Each filtCT asd filtration tppttanB oirametals. Ktration *ith approximately 20 ml of a 25% nitrfc add (HNQ) solurioQ (3 parts water and 1 part
. acid) foOowed by three 20 mi rinses of trace metal free dcJonBfrf (DI) water is roomred to remow any traceamounts of metals. The filtered Squid it then discarded before filtering each sample. Use toe same PI waterand dilute nitric add colutiott fiA, prepared from the same source, lot number and/or batch) to prepare (hefilters for ag samples and the field oUots.
5. Both a filtered and an naffltcrcd blaak most accompany samples (o the lab(5) for ana sb *"Hr oafy uxuHteredsamples are ooflected aod sobmitted for aoalysis. A duplicate filtered and unfiitered sample it aborecommended.
6. Afl water samples, hicf ndiog surfece water, filtered and, tmfiltered groundwater; and Ksflb nma be preservedto a pH <2 with KKQ,. Use a fcigb qnafiiy acid SUCA as Baker Instra-AnaJyad « equftafcnL NOT£
t Reagent grade acid fenoc aceepcable, Veriry mat the pK of each sample b <2 *itfa narrow range (0 to 2) pH'. ;paper. . . . . . . ' • ' ' ' • ' ' • - ' * ' •7. Document tb«lttanz&bef acdmamt£acnrerc£thei^&^
notebook, TTus dottBnfflftitiM *JH fi i&tate cracsag the source of oontaounatioa wftea the data indicates theprobJcm.
a. Moniroring »eflt wfch a icry high uomgntiarion of solids (evidenced by t stow fitoatfaa rate) shodd bo notedin the field notcboot Tnis may indicarc an impcoperiy installed mcaftoring «vfl. ; ,
.DATA iNTCRpRCTAtioKTie concentration of a cSssotved nwtal (filtered sample) shom noe ceW its concsntrirfon(unfiltervd sample). If the tfittohed feacobn aaceerfs the total fraction by a smafl amount, k may be atrrihat h to
icy. Typical problenis and afrr pcssiWc <anses are fisted below;The dissolved coaccBtratkffi is Vflfr ** tf* tf»» rotak
0 When AssoZred iron, zoic, dcmitum, and copper are highftr, then the (Zters may be a somxe offalTtfigatifr tfag- rifftt
o When aaarly afl dtssofred metab are hjgncr, then sample mHlihrfing is a poasaHc soarce of error.lovestigate the sample labeang procednre. , , .
2. If the sampift results are erraticv inveatyuc the tmie lapse from sampfing lo fitoadon, /' •
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PROJECT TECHNICAL GUIDANCE NUMBER 10
SEDIMENT SAMPLING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page No.
1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE A.10-1
2.0 SEDIMENT SAMPLING PROCEDURES A.10-1
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST A.10-1.22 HAND HELD CORER ... A.10-123 SOIL RECOVERY AUGER A.10-22.4 SPADE SAMPLING A.10-22.4 BENTHIC DREDGES A.10-2
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1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
This document defines the standard procedure to be used for collecting sediment; samples at the former Koppers Co., Inc., Newport Site. This Project Technical Guidance.(PTG) serves as a supplement to the FSP. The sample locations and frequency ofcollection are specified in the FSP.
This PTG is intended to be used together with the FSP and several other PTGs. Sampleidentification, handling, and documentation procedures are described in the FSP. PTGNo. 3 describes decontamination procedures which are also applicable to this PTG.Health and Safety procedures and equipment that will be required during'theinvestigation are detailed in the Health and Safety Plan (HSP).
2.0 SEDIMENT SAMPLING PROCEDURES
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST
• Stainless Steel Hand Corer and Lexan Liner Tubes• Core Catchers , r• - Extension Rods for Hand Corer ,• Stainless Steel Eckman Dredge• Extension Rods for Eckman Dredge• Stainless Steel Petite Ponar Bottom Grab Sampler• Ponar Line• Stainless Steel Spades
The sediment samples will be collected using a freshly decontaminated 3-inch diameterstainless steel hand corer, lined with a clear Lexan liner tube. The corer will be fittedwith a freshly decontaminated, tapered nose piece and a disposable "sample catcher."The nose piece will be decontaminated and the. Lexan liner and sample catcher will bereplaced between sampling stations.
" The corer will be hand driven to a depth of 12 inches or point of refusal, which everoccurs first After insertion, the corer will be sharply rotated on the vertical axis about. one-half turn right and left to dislodge it prior to withdrawal. The corer will be carefullywithdrawn vertically, and the core liner and samples will be removed. Water on thesurface of the sediment will be gently decanted, being careful not to discard any of thesurficial sediment.
:The sediment samples will be extruded from the top of the core liner by inserting astainless steel piston rod into the bottom of the liner and pushing the sediment out intoa fiat stainless steel pan. The sediment core will be immediately sectioned into a 0 to6-inch and a 6 to 12-inch sample, using a stainless steel spatula and transferred toappropriately-labeled glasses ample containers supplied by the laboratory. Duplicatecores collected within a few inches of each other may be required to obtain a sufficientvolume of sediment to prepare all samples. Once filled, sample jars will be placed onblue ice in field coolers and shipped to the laboratory within 24 to 48 hours of collection.
23 SOIL RECOVERY AUGERA ' - ' •
The soil recovery auger will be used to collect stratigraphically intact wetland peatsamples if difficulty in sediment penetration or recovery are encountered whenattempting to use the hand held corer. The auger will be forcibly twisted clockwisedown into the peat and the sharpened blades at the mouth of the auger will cut thefibrous peat allowing penetration. After full penetration of the auger to a depth
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exceeding 1-foot or point of refusal, the auger will be sharply twisted counter-clockwiseto break the sample loose, and then withdrawn vertically.
On recovery the liner tube will be removed from the auger and the stainless steel pistonused to extrude the sediment core out the top of the liner into a stainless steel pan. Thecore will be sectioned into 0 to 6-inch and a 6 to 12-inch depth samples using a stainlesssteel spatula and transferred to appropriately-labeled glass sample containers suppliedby the laboratory. Duplicate cores within a few inches of each other may be requiredto obtain sufficient material to prepare all the samples. Once filled, sample jars will beplaced on blue ice in field coolers and shipped on blue ice to the laboratory within 24to 48 hours of collection. .
2.4 SPADE SAMPLING
A stainless steel spade is an alternate method which may be used to collect peatsamples. The decontaminated spade will be pushed by foot into the ground to a depthof 12 inches or point of refusal four times, at right angles so that a square block of peat,12 inches deep and approximately 8 inches on a side peat, 12 inches deep andapproximately 8 inches on a side can be retrieved.
On recovery the block of peat will be placed on a decontaminated, stainless steel sheetand sectioned into 0 to 6-inch and 6 to 12-inch depth samples using a stainless steelspatula and transferred to appropriately-labeled glass sample containers using adecontaminated stainless steel scoop. Once filled, sample jars will be placed on blue icein field coolers and stripped on blue ice to the laboratory within 24 to 48 hours ofcollection.
2.5 BENTHIC DREDGES
If conditions prevent the collection of sediment at any station with the hand heldsediment corer, sediment will be collected with either an Eckman Dredge or a PetitePonar Grab sampler. Since these samplers penetrate to a maximum depth of 6 inches,only the 0 to 6-inch deep samples would be collected at these stations.
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In using the Ponar, the jaws of the sampler are cocked open and the sampler is loweredto within 1 to 2 feet of the bottom and then allowed to free fall into the sediment. Theclosing mechanism is triggered and the sampler retrieved.
Once on board, the surface water will be carefully decanted off to prevent the loss offine-grained surficial sediment and the jaws of the Ponar will be opened to release thesediment into a stainless steel pan. The sampler contents will be inspected visually andhand tested to insure the sediment is fine-grained mud. If duplicate grabs are requiredto obtain a sufficient quantity of sediment, the grabs will be released into the same pan.Sediment will be transferred from the pan to appropriately-labeled sample jars using adecontaminated stainless steel scoop. Once filled, sample jars will be placed on blue icein field coolers and shipped on blue ice to the laboratory within 24 hours using overnightdelivery service:
The Eckman will be activated via an extension rod. The dredge is "set" open bysecuring two monofilament lines attached to the jaws to a hook on the top of the dredge.The dredge is put in place using a hollow 5-foot long, 36-inch pipe. Once in place aheavy rod is fed through the hollow stem. At the end of the stem is a mechanism which,when tripped, allows the jaws to close and capture a sediment sample. Retrieval andprocessing of the sediment would be as described above for the Petite Ponar grabsampler.
The sample bottles will be prepared as described in the FSP starting with the volatileorganic samples first.
This document defines the standard procedure to be used for collecting surface watersamples at the former Koppers Company, Inc. Newport site. This Project TechnicalGuidance (PTG) serves as a supplement to the FSP. The sample locations andfrequency of collection are specified in the FSP.
This PTG is intended to be used together with the FSP and several other PTGs. Sampleidentification, handling, and documentation procedures are described in the FSP. PTGNo. 3 describes decontamination procedures which are also applicable to this PTG.Health and Safety procedures and equipment that will be required during theinvestigation are detailed in the Site HSP.
2.0 SURFACE WATER SAMPLING PROCEDURES
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST
• Millipore Pressurized Filtration System• 0.45 micron Filters• 99.99% pure Nitrogen• Kemmerer Sampler• Health and Safety Equipment• Decontamination Equipment• Sample Vessels• • Field Logbook and Field Sheets• Waterproof Markers• Cooler and Blue Ice
22 SAMPLING PROCEDURE*
Where possible, surface water samples will be obtained by direct filling of bottles toavoiding cross-contamination. A Kemmerer sampler will be used where bottles cannotbe filled directly. Surface water samples will be taken prior to sediment samples at thesame location to avoid agitation of the sediment.
With proper protective garment and gear, grab samples will be taken by slowlysubmerging the sample bottles or sampler with minimal surface disturbance. Deliveryof the sample will be continued until the bottle is almost completely filled. To avoid loss
1 of preservative added by the laboratory, bottles will not be over-filled. The samplebottles or sampler will be retrieved from the surface water with minimal disturbance.
Volatile organic (VOA) bottles will be filled first, followed by semi-volatiles, total. metals, dissolved metals, and other field parameters. The VOA must be filled very
slowly and completely to avoid trapping any air. After the VOA vials are capped, theyare inverted and tapped lightly to see if any air is trapped; if so, the bottle will berefilled and recapped. '
Samples for dissolved metals will be collected by using clean glassware or samplingequipment arid emptied directly into the filtration device. As soon as the sample isdeposited in the device, pressure will be applied (pure nitrogen). The sample will run
O through the filter and into the laboratory prepared glassware. Samples will be filteredaccording to EPA QAD009 (See PTG 9).
All the sample bottles will be placed in a cooler on blue ice until sample bottles can bex properly decontaminated and packed for transport to the laboratory. Samples will be
shipped to the laboratory on blue ice within .24 to 48 hours of collection.
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PROJECT TECHNICAL GUIDANCE NUMBER 12
DRAINAGEWAY DISCHARGE ESTIMATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page No.
1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE A.12-1
2.0 DISCHARGE ESTIMATING PROCEDURES A.12-1
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST A.12-12.2 TIMING OF FIELD MEASUREMENTS A.12-223 CHANNEL DIMENSION MEASUREMENTS A.12-22.4 CURRENT SPEED MEASUREMENTS A.12-32.5 DISCHARGE RATE CALCULATIONS A.12-4
This document defines the standard procedures used to obtain the field data and tocalculate an estimate of the discharge rate in drainageways at the former KoppersCompany, Inc. Newport Site, these procedures are presented in "A Compendium ofSuperfund Field Operations Methods" (USEPA, 1987), This Project Technical Guidance(PTG) serves as a supplement to Section 2.1.43 of the FSP. The sampling locations andfrequency of collection are specified in the FSP.
This PTG is intended to be used together with the SAP and several other PTGs. Sincethe surface water sampling and sediment sampling is scheduled to be performed at thesame time as the field measurements for discharge rate, it is important that the PTGsfor these efforts be reviewed by the field team prior to field sampling. In addition, theHealth and Safety Plan associated with these activities should be reviewed.> - • ' ' . . • . " -
2.0 DISCHARGE ESTIMATING PROCEDURES. ' / . . , . : • . . . . ' . ' : . - • • ; / . . - • ; . . . - > : . . •Discharge estimates will be performed during the "low flow" and "first-flush" watersampling events at the drainageway stations specified in the FSP. The necessaryequipment, required timing (with respect to tidal stage), current speed and channeldimension measurement methods, and the discharge calculations are specified below.
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST
\ ' ' l ' . • ,
• Rain gauge, ,• Portable Flow Meter (Marsh-McBirney Model 2000 or equivalent)• Electromagnetic Sensor (minimum 8-ft cord) on Wading Staff• 50-ft water-proof Measuring Tape marked in tenths of a foot• 3-4 ft stiff measuring stick marked in tenths of a foot• Field Logbook• Waterproof pens• Health and Safety Equipment
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22 TIMING OF FIELD MEASUREMENTS
The least biased estimate of the upland-runoff component of discharge in a tidaldrainageway is measured during the slack water stage of low tide. Therefore, themeasurements of water velocity and channel cross-sectional area should be completedduring this stage of the tidal cycle. To schedule the samplings, tide tables will beconsulted and local correction factor applied to determine the timing of low tide at theSite. Arrival at each station should be during ebb tide, but prior to low tide, to allowsufficient time to set up and calibrate all equipment. All sampling of the stream velocityand channel dimensions will be completed between the time of low tide and the onsetof current reversal, signaling the beginning of the flood-tide stage.
Timing of field measurements will also be affected by the occurrence of precipitationevents. During the drainageway discharge study, daily precipitation values will berecorded. Values will be recorded one week prior to the field events.
23 CHANNEL DIMENSION MEASUREMENTS
The cross-sectional area of the water flowing through the drainageway channel at lowtide will be calculated from direct field measurements of the channel width multipliedby the average water depth, determined from multiple points across the channel. Thisapproach assumes a rectangular channel and will provide a reasonably accurate estimateof area of the type of small drainageway channel present at the Site (approximate width3-5 feet; approximate depth 0.3 to 25 feet).
The channel at each station will be visually inspected to select a location near theRiver/drainageway confluence where the channel cross section is as nearly rectangularas possible. Channel width (water surface) will be measured at low tide. Water depthwill be measured at two or three locations across the channel (where width is less than5 feet). These measurements will be recorded to the nearest .01 feet. Average depthwill be calculated. This value will be multiplied by the channel width to determine areain square feet
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. , . . . . .If the channel width exceeds 5 feet, the channel will be divided into equal sections ofknown width and the depth at the midpoint of each section will be measured. Thenumber of sections depends on channel width and flow. At a 5-ft width, two to threesections are sufficient, while at a 50-ft width, fifteen to twenty sections may be required.A field judgment will be made to determine the number of sections needed. Ideally,each section should not represent more than 10 percent of the total channel flow. Aftermeasuring the depth in each section, the area in each section will be calculated, as theproduct of section width times depth, and these areas will be summed to determine thetotal cross-sectional area in square feet , "
2.4
. The current velocity measurements will be performed with a portable flow meter(Marsh-McBirney Model 2000 or equivalent). The electromagnetic sensor must alwaysbe aligned directly into the current. Multiple readings will be obtained at specified
, depths across the stream channel to provide an accurate estimate of the mean current- velocity. Four methods are specified in the USEPA protocol to obtain an accurate mean
velocity estimate (USEPA, 1987). \' . ' . ' " ' ' ' 'Nearly all the drainageway channels at the Site will have flowing water at low tide witha cross section width and depth of about 5 feet and less than 1 foot, respectively. The"six-tenth depth method" is the appropriate method for estimating the mean currentvelocity in these small channels. Current velocity will be measured at two or threeequally spaced locations across the channel and at a point of 0.6 of the total depth belowthe surface. In shallow channels (less than 2.5 feet), this depth for the velocitymeasurement avoids the slower flow at the bottom and surface and is mostrepresentative of the average velocity along the vertical axis. Velocity measurements willbe mathematically averaged to determine the best estimate of the mean current velocityfor the channel cross section. This method is best where water depth is between 03 to2.5 feet and is the preferred method when measurements must be made quickly, as is thecase in tidal drainageways where the low-tide, slack-water time period is short.
l If the low-tide water depth exceeds 2.5 feet, then the "two-point" or "three-point method"will be employed to estimate the mean current velocity. In the two-point method,
current velocity is measured at 0.2 and 0.8 of the total depth below the surface. Thesemeasurements are averaged to obtain the mean velocity estimate. In the three-pointmethod, current velocity is measured at 0.2, 0.6, and 0.8 of the total depth below thesurface. The 0.2 and 0.8 values are averaged and then this result is averaged with the0.6 value to provide the mean current velocity estimate. The choice of either of thesetwo methods depends on the accuracy desired (the three-point method being moreaccurate). In either case, these methods will only be used when water depth exceeds 2.5feet.
25 DISCHARGE RATE CALCULATIONS
All field data will be recorded on the attached field data sheet along with the dischargerate calculations. The channel dimensions and the mean current velocity estimate willbe used to estimate the instantaneous discharge. The channel cross-sectional area insquare feet will be multiplied by the mean current velocity in feet per second to estimatethe instantaneous discharge in cubic feet per second. If a constant flow rate is assumedfor one day, the daily discharge can then be estimated by multiplying the instantaneousdischarge rate by the number of seconds per day.
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PROJECT TECHNICAL GUIDANCE NUMBER 13
BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section -V . • Page No.
1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE A.13-1
2.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES A.13-1
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST A.13-122 PROCEDURES A.13-1
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1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
This document defines the standard procedure to be used for collectingmacroinvertebrate samples at the former Koppers Company Inc., Newport Site. ThisProject Technical Guidance (PTG) serves as a supplement to the FSP. Benthicmacroinvertebrate sampling locations are specified in the FSP.
This PTG is intended to be used together with the FSP. Health and Safety proceduresand equipment that will be required during the investigation are detailed in the Healthand Safety Plan (HSP).
2.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST
• Petite Ponar bottom grab sampler• Stainless steel bowls (5)• Benthic wash stand• Battery, hose and pump• 505 micron stainless steel benthic sieve• Stainless steel spoon• Unbreakable, screw-cap, quart-size sample jars• Pre-printed interior and exterior sample labels• 10% buffered formalin with rose bengal• Benthic field sheets and notebook
22 PROCEDURES
Benthic macroinvertebrate samples will be collected at the station locations identifiedin the FSP. A benthic field sheet will be filled out for each station. Data on the fieldsheet will include, but not be limited to, the following information: station/replicatenumber; date/time of collection; collectors initials; physicochemical field parametersmeasured/instrument; sediment type; water depth; qualitative estimate of flow velocity;
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. . . , .tidal stage; approximate temperature and general information on weather conditions;sample volume; width of drainageway and miscellaneous field observations or comments.
Collection of samples for benthic analyses will occur at the same time as collection ofsediment samples for chemical analyses. Collection at respective stations within adrainageway will proceed from downstream to upstream to avoid disturbance due tosampling activities.
Benthic samples will be collected using a petite Ponar bottom grab sampler (samplingarea, 36 in2). Five replicates will be collected at each station. Locations for replicatesamples will be selected in the immediate vicinity of the other replicates. Oncepositioned, the grab will be lowered slowly to avoid creation of a pressure wave whichwould disturb the surface of the sample. The objective is to achieve a full *bite* of thesubstrate for each replicate. Samples will be rejected and sampling will be attemptedagain if they do not represent a full bite. Ten attempts will be made in the event thata full sample is not recovered. If, after ten attempts, a full sample is not recovered, thebest of the ten attempts will be kept.
• ' • ' . i
Each replicate sample will be washed through a 500 micron mesh, stainless steel sieveto remove fine sediments. Large rocks and twigs will be rinsed free of organisms intothe sieve, and discarded. Washed samples will be back-washed into appropriately-labeled sample jars and fixed using a 10% buffered, formalin/rose bengal solution.Samples will be labeled with an interior and exterior label. Information on the labelswill be written with a soft-lead pencil or waterproof ink and will include, but not belimited to, a unique sample identification number, station/replicate number, samplingtime and date, and collectors initials. When the samples are returned to the laboratorythey will be washed in fresh water and preserved in a solution of 70 percent ethanolwithin 72 hours of collection. :
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2.4 SAMPLE POINT AND FLAG IDENnFICATION A.14-52.5 SAMPLE POINT DOCUMENTATION A.14-6 j
25.1 Field Log Book A.14-6252 Wetlands Sample Point Record Sheets A.14-7
2.6 QA/QC OF DATA OUTPUT FROM MAGELLAN™ A.14-9
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1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
The purpose of this document is to define the standard procedure for delineating theJurisdictional boundary between wetlands and non-wetlands at the former KoppersCompany, Inc. Newport Site. This procedure gives descriptions of equipment, fieldprocedures and the documentation necessary to delineate wetlands boundaries.
2,0 PROCEDURES FOR DELINEATING WETLANDS
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST
The following list of equipment will be needed to delineate wetlands boundaries at the' - • " /'Site:' - - . ; • ' • : . ' . ' ' • • . / • ' • •
Wetlands Delineation Equipment
• Soil auger with a diameter greater than 1 inch >• Munsell color charts (including gley page) \ ; , .• Tape measure ,• Copy of topographic plans for site* Copy of soil descriptions• Vinyl flagging - ,. ' " ' -:•• Steel stake flags• Global Positioning System (GPS)• Field log book• Metal notebook• . Permanent marker and pencil i• Compass• Hand lens / ^
• Health and safety equipment, as specified in the HSP• decontamination supplies
22 MAP REVIEW
Before any field work proceeds a review of resource maps available from the U.S.Geologic Service (USGS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and the U.S.Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service (SCS), and Delaware Departmentof Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) will be performed toidentity indicators of wetlands on the Site. Topographic maps from the USGS will beused for preliminary identification of any marsh or wetland areas or any areas of lowtopographic relief that are indicated on the maps of the Site. The National WetlandsInventory (NWI) maps from the FWS will be used to identity the location and type ofwetlands mapped on the site by the FWS. New Castle County soil survey maps from theSCS will be used to identify hydric soils that have been mapped on the Site by the SCS.The wetlands maps from the DNREC will be used to identity location of the wetlandsand vegetation type mapped by DNREC.
The specific areas on the Site that will be investigated during the wetlands delineationbased on the results of the map review, consist of:
• USGS maps
Areas with swamp, marsh, or wetland symbolAreas adjacent to surface water bodiesAreas in topographic depressionsAreas of low topographic relief
• NWI maps
Areas mapped as wetlandsAreas adjacent to the mapped wetlands
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SCS maps
Areas mapped as hydric soilsAreas mapped as soils having hydric soil inclusionsAreas adjacent to the ones mapped as hydric, high water table, andlow permeability /
DNREC maps
Areas mapped as wetlandsAreas adjacent to the mapped wetlands
23 WETLAND BOUNDARY DECISION PROCEDURE
' • ' ' ' • ' • • ' ' . - \ • ' • . • . . • . :The wetland delineation will be performed in accordance with the methodology outlinedin the "Federal Manual for Identification and Delineation of Jurisdictional Wetlands"(Federal Interagency Committee for Wetlands Delineation, 1989). This methodology isnot the currently accepted methodology for delineating wetland boundaries on CERCLAsites, the accepted methodology is the "Corps of Engineers Wetlands DelineationManual" (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Technical Report Y-87-1). The EPA hasspecifically requested that WCC use the methodology in the Federal Manual to delineatethe wetland boundaries on the former Koppers Company Inc., Newport Site for thepurpose of risk assessment. This methodology requires the presence of three wetlandindicators: hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and hydrology, in order to identity anarea as a wetland or waterway under the jurisdiction of DNREC and/or the COE.
23.1 Field Methodology\ . ' ~ - . ' i j - " ' . • '
While'it is not necessary to establish the wetlands boundaries in areas with apredominance of OBL vegetation, areas with a predominance of OBL vegetation will beinvestigated to become familiar with the general conditions present in the wetlands atthe Site (for comparison to other less obvious wetland areas on the Site). The
' ^ • • • ' '
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vegetation, soils, and hydrology in these areas will be investigated and documented onwetlands field data sheets.
Areas vegetated with a predominance of UPL plant species will be investigated todetermine the general conditions present in non-wetlands for comparison to other lessobvious non-wetland areas on the site. The vegetation, soils and hydrology will beinvestigated and documented on wetlands field data sheets.
After gaining a general understanding of the structure of the wetlands and uplands onthe Site, the areas identified as wetlands from the map review will be investigated togain a more thorough understanding of the wetland systems associated with the site.Vegetation along the wetlands boundary will be identified to the lowest practical taxonand the indicator status will be determined using the list developed by the FWS"National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: Northeast (Region 1)" (FWS,1978). The predominance of each species identified will be estimated based on visualinspection of each vegetation layer. The same species identification procedure will befollowed for the upland area adjacent the wetland area being investigated. If the s*- boundary cannot be determined based on the vegetation analysis (i.e., OBL plant speciesdo not predominate the area being evaluated), a soil sample will be taken to determinewhether hydric soil conditions are present.
Soil samples will generally be taken to a depth of between 18 and 24 inches. The soilcolor(s) (matrix and mottles) in the horizons encountered will be classified using Munsellcolor charts. The color(s) will be recorded on the wetlands field data sheets in termsof hue, value and chroma (e.g., 7.5 YR 4/3) and the depth at which each color occurs willbe recorded. The sample will also be examined for other indicators of hydric soilconditions such as concretions or mottling in the soil horizons. If shallow groundwateris encountered in the boring hole the depth will be recorded on the data sheets and itwill also be noted as an indicator of wetland hydrology.
Indicators of wetlands hydrology (e.g., shallow groundwater encountered in the soilboring hole) will be noted on the wetlands field data sheets when they are encountered.The presence of hydrologic indicators will be taken into consideration when determiningthe wetlands boundaries. Hydrologic indicators are less reliable than the other indicators
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discussed above because they generally represent inundation events of short duration.Vegetation and soils are more dependable because they generally represent conditionsof greater duration.
1 - ' ' - • *
The location of the wetlands boundary will be determined by finding the point where theconditions change from predominantly upland to predominantly wetland. After thelocation of the boundary between the uplands and the wetlands has been determined anumbered strip of vinyl flagging will be hung from a branch of woody vegetation that ison the boundary line. If no woody vegetation is available in the immediately vicinity ofthe boundary a numbered steel stake flag will be placed on the boundary. The locationof each numbered flag will be determined by using a GPS unit or surveyor. The GPSwill record the location of the flag to within one to five meters of its precise location.\, .If a higher degree of precision is needed then the flags will be located by licensedsurveyors.
The procedure described above for determining the location of the wetlands boundaryand delineating its location with flagging will be performed along all wetlands boundariesuntil either a property boundary is encountered or the boundary closes upon itself.While delineating the boundaries, samples will be taken periodically on the wetland andnon-wetland side of the boundary for verification purposes. Data may not be recordedat all of these locations. At selected locations transects will be conducted that cross theestimated location of the wetland/non-wetland boundary. The transect will consist ofseveral sample points (preferably two on the wetland side and two on the upland sideof the estimated location of the boundary). The appropriate data (i.e., vegetation, soil,and hydrology) will be collected from each sample point location and assessed todetermine the location of the wetland boundary.
Flagging of the wetlands boundaries will begin where a wetlands boundary intersects theSite boundary. The flags will be labeled with a letter and sequence of numbers (e.g.A-l; A-2...) using a permanent marker and their location recorded with the GPS. Thebeginning and end of each wetlands delineation boundary will be labeled as such (e.g.0 0 _ „ .
BEGIN A-l or A-243 END). The letter will change when another wetland area separate' ' ' ' ' • ~ • • ' - • . L - • ' . , '- - • • ' ' - _ . ' ' ' • ' . • ' • / ' • • ' • '91C262S-1/SOP-I4.PSP/KPR4 A. 14-5 . - -, • _ 01-31-94AR302605
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from the previous one is delineated (e.g. A-243 END - BEGIN B-l). The sample pointswill be numbered sequentially (e.g. Sample 1; Sample 2...) and their location recordedwith the GPS or located by surveyor. The location readings given by the GPS will be•recorded in a field log book and in the memory of the GPS. Data stored in the GPSwill be downloaded onto the hard drive of a lap top computer and backed up on afloppy disk at a minimum this will be done at the end of each field day.
2.5 SAMPLE POINT DOCUMENTATION
The condition at each sample point will be documented to facilitate accuraterepresentation of the condition and extent of the wetlands on the Site.
2.5.1 Field Log Book
The location, relative to adjacent wetlands boundary flags, and conditions encounteredat each sample station will be recorded in a field log book. The location (longitude andlatitude) given by the GPS for each of the wetlands boundary flags and at each of thesample points will be recorded in the field log book. Information that will bedocumented in the field log book includes:
• Field investigators• Date• Project name and number• Weather conditions• Sample point number• GPS location information• Vegetation
Estimated percent predominance of canopy species*
Estimated percent predominance of understory speciesEstimated percent predominance of herbaceous speciesEstimated percent predominance of woody vine species
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• Soils
r Depth of soil boringSoil matrix color and depth of each change in horizonPresence of mottling or concretions
T . Color of mottles- Presence of gleying- Depth to soil saturation
List other hydric soil indicators- Depth to shallow groundwater
• Notes on atypical conditions present in wetland or upland• Other pertinent notes
/, i
• The estimate of percent predominance of the species present in the vegetation layerunder examination will be determined, based on visual estimation in die field .
252 Wetlands Sample Point Record Sheets
The information recorded in the field log book will be transferred onto the wetlandsample point record sheets for use in report preparation. Hie information that will bedocumented on the wetlands data sheets includes:
• Project name and number• Project location (state, county, and locality)• Weather conditions '
i , • Sample point number• Sample conditions (Upland or Wetland) •
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Magellan™ location informationVegetation
Estimated percent predominance of canopy speciesEstimated percent predominance of understory speciesEstimated percent predominance of herbaceous speciesEstimated percent predominance of woody vine speciesIndicator status of each species identifiedSpecies name for each plant identifiedPercent cover in each vegetation layer of OBL, FACW, FAC,FACU or UPL speciesType of plant community present (Upland or Wetland)
Soils
Depth of soil boringSoil matrix color and depth of each change in profile colorPresence of mottlingColor of mottlesPresence of gleyingDepth to soil saturationOther hydric soil indicatorsDepth to shallow groundwaterType of soil conditions present (Upland or Wetland)
• Hydrology
Indicators of wetlands hydrologyType of hydrology present (Upland or Wetland)
-r
• Notes on atypical conditions present in wetland or upland• Other pertinent notes
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. . . . .Estimate of percent predominance will be determined based on visual estimation in thefield of the species present in the vegetation layer under examination.
2.6 QA/QC OF DATA OUTPUT FROM GPS
The plotted version of the GPS output, in the form of a line that depicts the extent ofthe wetlands boundaries on the Site will be checked to make sure all of the flaggingnumbers have been properly recorded and to make certain that all of the numbered flagshave been located and plotted. The plot of the wetlands boundaries will also be checkedfor accuracy by plotting a percentage of the locations recorded in the field log book.This should ensure that the wetlands boundary points that have been plotted accuratelyrepresent the same areas that were flagged in the field. The location of the samplepoints will also be checked against the locations recorded in the field log book and anumber of them will be plotted by band to check their accuracy.
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PROJECT TECHNICAL GUIDANCE NUMBER 15 '**?
TRIMBLE PATHFINDER PROFESSIONAL™ GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMOPERATION PROCEDURE FOR 2-5 METER POSITION ACCURACY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SectionPage
1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE A.15-1
2.0 SETUP AND OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR TRIMBLEPATHFINDER PROFESSIONAL™ GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM A.15-1
2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST A.15-12.2 SETUP PROCEDURE A.15-22.3 DOWNLOADING GPS DATA FROM THE MC-V™ A.15-32.4 BASE STATION OPERATIONS A.15-42.5 ROVER UNIT OPERATIONS A.15-52.6 NAVIGATION WITH THE TPP A.15-52.7 COMPUTER RECORDS A.15-62.8 QA/QC OF DATA OUTPUT FROM TRIMBLE PATHFINDER
PROFESSIONAL™ A.15-6
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1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
The purpose of this document is to define the standard procedure for operating theTrimble Pathfinder Professional™ (TPP) global positioning system (GPS) at the KoppersCompany, Inc. Newport Site. This document provides a description of the equipment andfield procedures necessary to use the TPP GPS for locating points on the Site to an accuracyof 2 - 5 meters. '
. ' . 2.0 SETUP AND OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR TRIMBLE PATHFINDERPROFESSIONAL™ GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
The following sections present a list of the equipment, the setup procedure, and theoperating procedures for the TPP to be operated at the 2 to 5 meter accuracy level.
. . ' " , • ' • ' ' ' • \ •2.1 EQUIPMENT LIST
The following list of equipment will be needed for proper operation of the TPP GPS at theKoppers Company* Inc. Newport Site:
- . - • (. :*-
Trimble Pathfinder Professional™ Global Positioning System Equipment
• Base Station on-site or nearby (within 300 miles)• Six channel Trimble GPS receiver• Remote compact dome multipatn resistance antenna
. . . ' • • • Hand held data logger (Corvalis MicroTechnology MC-V™ for the TrimblePathfinder Professional™)
• Five-meter antenna cable• Range pole
' / - . • ' - • Frame backpack• Eight-hour rechargeable batteries* " '' ' '• Hip belt and carrying pouch• PFINDER™ software• 386DX computer with a 40-megabyte hard drive, color monitor, printer
i j • Owners manuals for the TPP and MC-V™• Copy of plans for site
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• Surveyor's flagging or steel stake flags• Field log book• Metal notebook• Pencils and pens• Permanent marker• Insect repellent• Health and safety equipment, as specified in the HSP
2 2 SETUP PROCEDURE
A Trimble Pathfinder Professional™ base station must be setup at a location of knownhorizontal and vertical location (a surveyed point). A second unit will need to be positionedat the point that is to be located. The second unit will be referred to as the rover unit Theprocedures for achieving 2 to 5 meter accuracy with the TPP are outlined below:
1.
2. Connect the antenna cable to the rover TPP unit
3. Connect the downloading cable from the TPP to the MC-V™
4. After all connections are made, turn on the TPP, the MC-V™, and theantenna
5. Allow the TPP unit to initialize (for three to five minutes), then make thefollowing settings for the TPP's system options:
Position Fix Mode Manual 3DDynamics Code LandElevation Mask Level 15°Signal Level Mark 6 for signal levelPDOPMask 8 for PDOP maskPDOP Switch 6 for PDOP switchBeeper On/Off OnLogging Mode Rover
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' . - • "-• ' .-, -- Position Interval 1 for Rover
i - • ' , J ^
' - . ^ -
5. Make the following settings for the TPP's display options:
8. Take detailed notes which include, at a minimum:- Date of collection ,- Name and address of location, and/or site name
File name- Starting and ending times- PDOP (range) - see niain screen 0- Size of the collected file- A description of the location (diagram if possible)
Latitude and Longitude of the position, from the main screen of the
23 DOWNLOADING GPS DATA FROM THE MC-V"1
i ; After all the steps outlined in Section 2.1 have been completed and the system has collected4 ^ _ / : • • ' • • - • , • ' . ' • - • . - • ' i '
the necessary locational data file, the next series of steps should be followed to down load
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the data from the MC-V™ to computer files for post processing. After the PFINDERprogram has been loaded on the computer, do the following:
1. Select Alt O to enter the programSet the current project by selecting Alt P, then select Alt N for newand enter the information specified (name, owner, project directory),then select Alt O
2. Select Alt M to select the communication portSelect Port #1 then select Alt O
3. Turn on the MC-V™ data logger and connect it to the PC (use 25 and/or 9pin connector cable)
4. Select screen #9-0 on the MC-V™ for Transfer Server, then press enter5. When the message "connect cable to PC" appears on the MC-V™, press enter6. Select Cornm, Data Files on PC with Alt F7. Select the desired files or Alt A for all files, then select Alt O8. After the files have been transferred, press ESC to leave the submenu9. Select Alt Q to quit and Alt Y for yes
All files should be downloaded from the MC-V™ to the hard drive of a computer at the endof every day and backup copies should be made of the files on at least one floppy diskette.
2.4 BASE STATION OPERATIONS
A base station may not be needed at the Koppers Company, Inc. Newport Site, becausethere are at least two base stations within a 300 mile radius (a limit set by Trimble) of thesite that are operated 24 hours a day. The data files from these stations can be accessedvia computer modem. At present the two base stations within 300 miles of the site arelocated in Trenton, NJ and Washington, DC. The data from either of the base stations canbe used for post processing of the data collected with the rover unit. Because these stationspreclude the need to operate a base station on or near the site, an operational procedurefor the base station has not been included in this document.
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2.5 ROVER UNIT OPERATIONS
To achieve an accuracy of two meters for a given point or the boundary of an area on thesite, a minimum of 180 to 210 individual fixes needs to be collected at each point or atintervals along the boundary. This can be done by setting the MC-V™ unit to a samplingfrequency of 1 per second and collecting fixes for three to three and a half minutes. Duringthe sampling time period the antenna needs to be fixed in a stationary position. Two meter
> accuracy is achieved when these fixes are averaged and differentially corrected with the base'station data.
• ". ' ,.. ' • .• . \ • .••;.- '. •..,•. • . , .'
To achieve an accuracy of five meters for a given point on the site or the boundary of anarea, a single fix needs to be collected at each point or at intervals along the boundary.This can be done by setting the MC-V™ unit to a manual sampling frequency for individualpoints or by setting the MC-V™ collect fixes at intervals that correspond to the speed atwhich the antenna is moved along the perimeter of the area's boundary. During this typeof sampling the antenna does not need to be fixed, in a stationary position. Five meteraccuracy is achieved when these fixes are differentially corrected with the base station data....: • ^' • \ ; * • • ; . • • ., '. • • - - -., •• , / -• , •7.6 NAVIGATION WITH THE TPP
The TPP can be used in conjunction with the Communications System International, Inc.model MBX-1 receiver to navigate to within five to seven meters of a point on-site or locate
. points to the same level of accuracy. Setup the units as follows:
• Connect the MB)t-l to the TPP with the coax cable (after the TPP has beensetup as specified in Section 22)
• Turn on the MBX-1, TPP, and the TPP antenna and allow them to initialize
The lPP will now be receiving and displaying a differentially corrected position providedit is receiving a signal from a nearby Coast Guard statipn beacon. The position that isdisplayed on the TPP screen is now accurate to within five to seven meters of its preciselocation. Location points can now be recorded by collecting an individual position fix and
i saving it in the memory of the MC-V™, or it can be used to navigate to previously chosen' / . ' • points. -• • " • • \ . ' . . - . . . ; • • - , • •
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The TPP can be used, when the MBX-1 is connected, to navigate to within five to sevenmeters of a chosen point (longitude-latitude). To navigate to a chosen point, set the TPPunit to navigation mode, and enter the chosen point (longitude-latitude); then follow thedirections given by on the TPP display to the chosen point. The unit will display thedirection and distance the unit needs to be moved in to arrive at the selected point. Whenthe unit is at the chosen point it will cease to display directions and distance of travel andthe unit should be within five to seven meters of the point that has been chosen.
2.7 COMPUTER RECORDS
All of the raw data files downloaded from the MC-V™ will be saved on at least two floppydiskettes. In addition, the data collected from the base stations via computer modem willbe saved on at least two floppy diskettes. These files will all be maintained in their originalformat for future reference. The data files that result from the post processing of the roverand base station data will also be saved on at least two floppy diskettes. One set of thediskettes will be maintained at all times in Woodward-Clyde Consultants Plymouth MeetingOffice and the other copy will be stored off-site in a safe location. In the event that onecopy of a diskette is damaged or destroyed, a copy from the other will be made immediately.
All of the files and programs associated with the GPS aspect of the project will bemaintained on a single dedicated PC while they are being actively worked on.
2.8 QA/QC OF DATA OUTPUT FROM TRIMBLE PATHFINDER PROFESSIONAL™
The plotted version of the data output from Trimble Pathfinder Professional™, in the formof lines that depict the delineated wetlands boundaries on the site, will be checked to makesure all of the flagging numbers have been properly recorded and to make certain that allof the numbered flags and sample points have been located and plotted accurately. Theplot of the wetlands boundaries will also be checked for accuracy by hand plotting apercentage of the locations recorded in the field log book. This should ensure that thewetland boundary points have been plotted accurately and represent the same areas thatwere flagged in the field.
|TMThe accuracy of the differentially-corrected data from the Trimble Pathfinder Professionalwill be checked by having surveyors locate a percentage of the wetlands flags with their
91C262M/SOP-15.FSP/KPR4 A.15-6 A D (1 9 A I £ 01-31-94
Woodward-Clyde• Consultants
instruments and plotting these locations against the locations provided by the TPP. Aminimum of one flag from each field day (days when the TPP is used to locate wetlandboundary flags) will be located by the surveyors for accuracy-verification purposes. If theplotted locations provided by the surveyors fall within three-meters of the location given bythe TPP, the information provided by the instrument will be considered accurate.
91C262M/30MS.FSP/KPR4 A. 15-7. - « f • -t 01-31-94AR3026 17
GPS Pathfinder Professional1"Portable GPS Mapping SystemStandard Features________________ Datalogger SpecificationsPFINDER "software Yoa have tin oftiw of either tbtPoiycenier or MC-Vaataloggen.
Base/rover modes Lanl* M«HHF 1 Mb (more than 43,000 positions)Remote compact dome antenna &,. 10 }cm WK^cmDK 24cm H <4.06"W xFive-meter antenna cable j 97"D x 9 43"H)Eight-hour rechargeable system batteryHip belt and carrying pouch IWgM: 0.74 kg (1.63 Ibs.), including batteriesRugged hardshell carrying case OptrrtliH T«p: -10°C to + 50°C(+15°F to +120°F>Automobile power adapterVehicle mount for antenna ««9« T«p! -40°C to + 70°C <-40°F to + 1 60°F)
Duatjjiuuf, iplasiiproof, shock-resistantOptions —————————————————————————————— jg ^ Eight-line, 2 1 -character, with backlightLightweight frame backpack GPS Pathfinder with MC-V: Part Number 1685 1-JORangepole bipod systemRemote antenna quick release jyp,. Omnidata PolycorderAnnual software/firmware update service (Part Number 16883-10)Annual extended hardware warranty (Part Number 16883-00) sto: 10.2cra W x 5.3cm D x 20.3cm H (4"W x
2.1 D x 8 H)GPS Hardware Specifications _____________ l»tti*» *••** 320 Kb (more than 1 5 ,000 positions)
up to eight satellites, LI/CA code Dp«tH|T«p: -10°C to +55°C (+ 15°F to * 130°F)Uptfatt rate 0.5 sec. »«•• Tw* -40°C to +70°C (-40°F to + 160°F)Tint Mflnt fta <2 minutes, 2D typical t*** Dustproof, splashproof, shock-resistant
<3 minutes. 3D typical DteaUr Four-line, 16 character7.0cm Wx 21.9cm Dx 15.9cm H (2.75"W x GPS Pathfinder with Polycoraer; fart Humber 16851-008.63"Dx6.25"H)1.25 kg (2.75 Ibs.) Accuracy
fwtr. 3 watts, 10 to 32 VDC ' " " ~Accuracy depends on lour acton: Selective Availability (SAX local environmental
Optntlnf tamp: -40°C to + 70°C (-40°F to + 1 60°F) coodkions; amonomoui mode «. diflerentiaJ eomoion mode; RTCM mode; and the-40°C to +85°CMO°F to +185°F) .vengingofrecofdedlociiiom.9596 non ondensing . W:WidMajtdjfawcW«n«ai Grei
position and vtwcity accuncia under the Deponment of Defense-imposed SA.CaiMa: Dust proof, splash proof, shock resistant Acnirafyimybedegtadedupto40n«en(I30ft.)CEP*.'n»eenecton velocity is
yet co be determined._. , . ... , - , ... . , I emwwwioiWnwfiwwB.- Ionospheric conditions, multipart! efitca, or obstruction
Gtamfc Right-hand, c.rcular polamed; omn,d,rect,onal; rfthc ^ ba.iaingsor he y tree canopy m^ degrade accuracy by .merfcnng withhermsphencal coverage ugna| reception.
SbK 15.4cm DlAx 8.9cm H(6"DIAx 3-5"H )0.25kg ( 0.55 Ib.) between 12 and 40 meters (40 and 130 ft.) CEP depending on SA and averaging (see
-400Cto+70°C<-400Fto+l60°F> *Z!ZL. . __ _,_ * , _ r - ^ ^ T . u ' aj^fwWiwmiwiB^AnurnberofiwwreccivenarcusedwimaTrimblebiie-40°C to *70°C(-40°Fto +I60°F) jotion receiver thu is placed * • known kotion. Roven within 500 km (300 miles)
HvmUtty: Will operate at 100 percent humidity ofttebasescMioncMbeconiaedfa5-n»er(l Jboc)«cniia_ , ' , r L i • ptrxesiing. DifiemitiaJcorrectkMrentowsthe accuracy degradation of SA-Culnv Dust proof, splash proof, shock-resistant „-.,.. , . , _ . . . . . . . ,._ _ . .r • r r /?TCA* made A base station uses • radio link to transmit differential comctionsro
MouitfRf: . 5/8"> 1 1 thread adapter roving receivers wiriiin 500 km (300 mile*). The mm display and tecotd correctedlocations in real-time. Accuracy is between S and 10 meters (6 and 33 feet) CEP.
Software Capabilities ___ ______ ____ At*vgoig:Bcmt accuracy is oDouned by collecting positions for rwo to chne minutes.differentially correcting them, and then avenging the positions using PflNDER
• Downloading of data to IBM PC or compatible sortware. Tliis yields a single poution «cun to 2 mean (6 feet) CEP.• Output in UTM or UT/LON/ALT, coordinates in WGS84, *CEP is the circular enorpnbibkormei ermr.NAD27, ED50, OSGB 36, and many other datums for one location would fall wthinadttfcafttendim.
• Differential correction using data from a Trimble base station• Plotting output to Hewlett-Packard compatible plotters withuser-spec map SC " ..--,„.,-« /-Dice * _/-*^ gW P*ifm*,MJPFINDER ** m »*••*. frrimU* Nm&m IM ARC/INFO ii m• GIS convemon and intere to ARC/INFO, GRASS, AutoCAD,MOSS, ERDAS. Geo/SQL, and others (Contact Trimble for .information about other GIS compatibilities.) umtiHadmittflM-Ftfb <*?****. BUMS aMission planning for satellite availability C«f**m. MC-Va*tttau*4n*d**ii4C**iltttMimTKb*itQ.
t ImrmanHtl. Inc. Spftfv*mm atjts » dwaj* uobmtfntr miia.
Survey i Mapping Division Trimtib Navigation Europt M TrimUi Navigation Japan6*5 North Mary Avenue rnmtoa House. Mention Office Part Kalahari Techno Garden 0-21post Otfto Box 3642 Osoom Way, Hook No. 1-3. Natast
I 0 Sunnyvait. CA 94088-3642 Hampstiin RG27 9HX Chtoa-Shi Cniha. Japan2S1-011-800-mMBLE England (81)472-74-7070
i-rom: Jonn WIUBI 10: LMnon La warni um:ainM HIM:TEL No. 7135791531 Feb 01,94 10:33 P.02
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Date ID NOJ s Loc. No Or Sampler '(collected) , . ; PCDDs
QA/QC_RECORD
FIELD DUPLICATESDuplicate ID No. .
Duplicate Location No.
Date Collected
RINSATE BLANKSRinsate ID No. ,'
Rinsate Location No.
Date Collected' • » ' » • " \
Assoctd field sample lot j
MS/MSD SAMPLESSample ID for MS/MSD
Sample Loc. No for MS/MSD
Date Collected
FIELD BLANKSField blank ID No.
Reld blank Location No.
Date.Collected ,• »
Assoctd field sample loc. no.
* Space to indicate analysis of pesticides/PCBs (P) or Dioxin (D), or both (P/D), i jDioxin (PCDD) and Furan (PCDF) sample locations are listed on Tables 7 tand 8. Pesticide and PC8 sample locationsare listed on Tables 7a and 8. . •!
AR302630 S/5/03tnok.id*
Personnel on site :
Subcontractors :
Summary of days activities
General comments on activities :
DAILY SUMMARY REPORT DATE;KOPPERS NEWPORT SITE FIELD BOOK NO.:.REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION NAME: . ' . - ' '
