ECEN 2060Spring 2008
V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid)
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What is V2G?
• BEV or PHEV
energy dispatched
to grid
• Direction of
power controlled
by utility or user
from http://www.udel.edu/V2G/docs/KemptonDhanju06-V2G-Wind.pdf
Grid layout with V2G used for wind energy storage
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Why V2G?
• Increasing
demands for peak
generation
• Massive lack of
wind energy
storage
• Backup
generation
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Why V2G: Peaking Power Plants
• Peak demand is
ever-increasing
• V2G fleet seen as
power plant
• No battery cost to
utility
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Why V2G: Wind Energy Storage
from http://www.udel.edu/V2G/docs/KemptonDhanju06-V2G-Wind.pdf
• Shortfall events
are lost energy
• V2G stores
irregular wind
energy
• No battery cost to
utility
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V2G Components
• Battery: 8-50kWh, 200-360V
• Power Electronics: Bidirectional, currently up to 20kW
• Control Systems: manages power flow, remote wireless control
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How V2G Works
Inverting:• PFC
• Anti-islanding
• Code
Charging:• Balancing
• Overcharging
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Hybrids Plus Inverger™
• Bidirectional
• Transformerless
• Multi-voltage (120V, 240V)
• Medium Power (6kW)
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Local V2G Fleet
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V2G and Smart Grid
Possibilities:
• Backup
• Renewables
• Load-leveling
• V2H
See Xcel website on Smart
Grid for the video clip used in
this slide:
http://tinyurl.com/2gp8gk
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V2G Example
V2G and System Specs:
• 6-Vehicle fleet, A-F
• 10kWh per V2G
• 6kW power per V2G
• 30kW excess demand
• 30kW wind turbine
• Simplified power behavior
• 100% of total 60kWh at start
• Grid operators control power
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Example Data
V2G Example: Power Data
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM 10:00 PM
Time [Hr]
Po
we
r a
bo
ve
/be
low
ca
pa
cit
y [
kW
] Overcapacity Demand
Unused Wind Power
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Charging/Discharge Table
A-E @ 9kWh
F @ 10kWh
A-E charge @ 3kW
F charges @ 5kW-20kW9-10pm
A-E @ 6kWh
F @ 5kWhA-F charge @ 5kW-30kW8-9pm
A-E @ 1kWh
F @ 0 kWhA-E discharge @ 2kWF discharges @ 5kW
15kW7-8pm
A-E @ 3kWh
F @ 5kWhA-F discharge @ 5kW30kW6-7pm
A-E @ 8kWh
F @ 10kWhA-E discharge @ 2kW10kW5-6pm
EnergyBehaviorPowerTime
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V2G Battery Energy Levels
V2G Energies
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM 10:00 PM 11:00 PM
En
erg
y S
tore
d [
kW
h]
V2Gs A-E
V2G F
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V2G Future
Technology:
• Hybrids
• PHEVS
• StorageSocial:
• Engineering
• Environmental Policy
• Citizen action