VA SOL Review Study Guide - Weebly

VA & US History SOL Study Guide Mr. Bourjaily Introduction: I have prepared this study guide to help students prepare for the 11th Grade

Virginia & US History SOL. It is designed to be used together with The Americans textbook published by McDougal Littell, but other high school or more advanced US History textbooks will help the student complete this study guide.

Keys to Success: The two keys to success on the SOL are:

1. Understanding the issues discussed in this study guide and the story of how they fit together

2. Practicing answering questions in the multiple choice format Helpful websites to practice answering multiple choice US History questions:

1. US History Test Questions from Pennsylvania a. http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/~cwalton/USHistory.htm

2. AP US History Quiz Question Bank a. http://www.historyteacher.net/USQuizMainPage.htm

3. US History Questions from Oswego, NY to prepare for the NY Regents Exam in US History & Government

a. http://regentsprep.org/regents/ushisgov/onlineresources/index.htm 4. Texas School System US History Test Questions

a. http://www.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/resources/online/eoc00/ushistory.html (2000 Exam)

b. http://www.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/resources/online/2001/eoc/ushistory.html (2001 Exam)

c. http://www.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/resources/online/2002/eoc/ushistory.html (2002 Exam)

d. http://www.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/resources/online/2003/grade11/socialstudies.htm (2003 Exam)

e. http://www.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/resources/online/2006/grade11/ss/11socialstudies.htm (2006 Exam)

Sections of this Study Guide:

1. Section 1/Day 1 – The American Colonial Period – The American Revolution 2. Section 2/Day 2 – The Constitution – Pre-Civil War America 3. Section 3/Day 3 – The American Civil War – Reconstruction 4. Section 4/Day 4 – The Gilded Age – The Rise of America as a World Power 5. Section 5/Day 5 – Post-WWI America – the Great Depression & the New Deal 6. Section 6/Day 6 – WWII – the Present

VA & US History SOL Study Guide Section 1 – The American Colonial Period – The American Revolution

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Section 1 – The American Colonial Period – The American Revolution Maps

• List the locations and names of the 13 colonies o Which were in the North? o Which were in the Middle? o Which were in the South?


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• Who controlled what territory prior to the French & Indian War? • How did control change after the French & Indian War?


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• Using the map below explain:

o Why was the British position weak? o How did the French strengths helped the Americans defeat the British at

Yorktown?

Issues & Questions

• Where did Bacon’s Rebellion occur? What was the Rebellion about? • Explain the difference between the Separatists/Pilgrims and the Puritans of colonial New

England.

• Explain the Quaker philosophies of pacificism and equality that the Pennsylvania Colony was based on?


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• How is Mercantilism related to “balance of trade”? (see pg. 66) • What was the “Middle Passage”? • Why did the British issue the Proclamation of 1763 to keep the colonists out of the

territory west of the Appalachian Mountains? • How did the British hope to reduce smuggling through the Sugar Act? • Who was Crispus Attucks and what was his role in the Boston Massacre? • What was the significance of the battles of Lexington & Concord? • Who was Thomas Paine?

• How was John Locke important to the writing of the Declaration of Independence?

• Why was Saratoga the turning point of the American Revolution? • Why was the Continental Army continuously short of supplies? • What was the Treaty of Paris? Why was the key demand of the American negotiators

that they be treated as independent nation?


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Essential Knowledge: Beginning to 1789 COURTS &

CIVIL RIGHTS

LAWS WARS & BATTLES

TREATIES & FOREIGN AFFAIRS

LEADERS EVENTS KEY TERMS

Virginia Declaration of Rights Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

Navigation Acts Sugar Act Stamp Act Townshend Acts Quartering Act Northwest Ordinance

Opechancan-ough’s War King Philip’s War French & Indian War War for Independence Lexington and Concord Bunker Hill Trenton Saratoga Yorktown

Treaty of Paris, 1763 Treaty of Paris, 1783

Thomas Paine Thomas Jefferson Patrick Henry Richard Henry Lee George Washington Benjamin Franklin Sam Adams John Adams Lafayette James Madison

Bacon’s Rebellion Salem Witch Trials Stamp Act Congress Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party First Continental Congress Shay’s Rebellion Constitutional Convention Ratification

Belief Systems (Native Americans) Age of Discovery “Gold, Glory, and God” Mayflower Compact Puritan Theocracy Middle Passage Virginia Company House of Burgesses Great Awakening Social Contract Writs of Assistance Common Sense Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Federalism Separation of Powers Federalist v Anti-federalist Bill of Rights

Source: 2001, Ron Maggiano, West Springfield High School, Fairfax County Public Schools.

VA & US History SOL Study Guide Section 2 – The Constitution – Pre-Civil War America

Section 2 – The Constitution – Pre-Civil War America

Maps

• Using the map below, understand: o Where the Lewis & Clark Expedition began and ended (East to West)

o Be familiar with the territory Lewis & Clark were exploring and the significance of the territory to the future of the United States


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Tables & Charts

• Who was the principal drafter (writer) of the Constitution? (Also known as the “Father of

the Constitution”) • Why did each state send a representative, like those listed below, to participate in the

Constitutional Convention?

Issues & Questions

• Who was the “Father of the Constitution”? • What was the Great Compromise?


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• Explain the system of Checks and Balances. • Who demanded a Bill of Rights in exchange for approving the Constitution? • What does the Constitution say is the “Supreme Law of the Land”? • Louisiana Territory

o What was it? o Which President was responsible for purchasing it

o Why was purchasing it important to the future growth and strength of the United

States?

• What issues did Federalists (for example Alexander Hamilton) support? • Explain how the Whiskey Rebellion allowed the Federal Government to demonstrate its

power. • In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power of Judicial Review

by invalidating a section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 by which Congress empowered the Supreme Court to issue special orders. How was this a statement that the powers of the Supreme Court come from the Constitution, not from Congress?

• What were the objectives of the Monroe Doctrine?


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• Why was the Cotton Gin so important? How did it affect the institution of slavery? • What was the “Corrupt Bargain”? • What was the Nullification Theory? Who wrote it? How did it support States’ Rights? • What was the Mexican-American War?

• What did the United States gain as a result of the Mexican-American War? • What was the Abolitionist Movement?

• What objectives did Frederick Douglas promote?

• What was ironic about the “right to vote” as an issue at the Seneca Falls Convention?

• Why did the Southern economy need slaves? • In what ways did Henry Clay and Daniel Webster support the Compromise of 1850?

• Who was Harriett Tubman?


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Essential Knowledge: 1789 - 1850 COURTS &

CIVIL RIGHTS

LAWS WARS & BATTLES



Supreme Court Marbury v Madison McCulloch V Maryland

Judiciary Act Missouri Compromise

War of 1812 Mexican War The Alamo

Louisiana Purchase Acquisition of Florida

George Washington John Adams Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson Eli Whitney John Marshall Eli Whitney Henry Clay Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Formation of Cabinet (State, Treasury, War) Whiskey Rebellion Election of 1800 Lewis & Clark Expedition Invention of Cotton Gin Panic of 1819 National Road Erie Canal “Trail of Tears” Seneca Falls Convention Settlement of Texas California Gold Rush

Federal System Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch Delegated Powers Reserved Powers Electoral College National Bank Alien/Sedition Acts Washington’s Farewell Address Two-Party System Judicial Review “Necessary and Proper Clause” Federalists Democratic-Republican American System Impressment War Hawks Manifest Destiny Industrial Revolution


VA & US History SOL Study Guide Section 3 – The American Civil War – Reconstruction

Section 3 – The American Civil War – Reconstruction Maps

• Using the map below, list:

o Which states were in the Confederacy and which states stayed in the Union.

o The order in which the Confederate states seceded from the Union.


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Tables & Charts

• Pick 3 advantages the North had over the South that made it more likely to win the Civil War AND explain why each was an important advantage.

Issues & Questions

• What was the topic of the Lincoln-Douglas debates? • Explain Abraham Lincoln’s plan for slavery before the Civil War.


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• What impacts did John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry have on the South? • Importance of US Grant as a military leader, including major battles he won. • Who was Robert E. Lee? Why did he side with the South instead of accepting the

leadership position offered to him in the United States Army? • Who was Jefferson Davis? • What was Lincoln’s principal objective during the Civil War? • Why was Gettysburg a turning point of the Civil War? • How did the Emancipation Proclamation turn the Civil War into a “moral war”? • Explain the concept of Total War. • Know the major battles of the Civil War and their leaders.

• What was the 10% Plan?

• What troubles did Grant have as President?


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• Who was Rutherford B. Hayes?

• Key point of the 13th Amendment.

• Key points of the 14th Amendment. • Key point of the 15th Amendment. • What is Sharecropping? Why was it a bad system for sharecroppers?

• What was the Compromise of 1877?


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CIVIL RIGHTS

LAWS WARS & BATTLES



Dred Scott Case Emancipation Proclamation 13th Amendment 14th Amendment 15th Amendment

Compromise of 1850 Kansas- Nebraska Act Homestead Act Morrill Land Grant Act Wade-Davis Bill Compromise of 1877

Civil War Fort Sumter Antietam Gettysburg

Trent Incident Frederick Douglass William Loyd Garrison Harriet Beecher Stowe John Brown Abraham Lincoln Ulysses Grant William Tecumseh Sherman Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Andrew Johnson

Nat Turner’s Rebellion Bleeding Kansas Birth of Republican Party Lincoln- Douglass Debates Election of 1860 Secession of South Carolina Gettysburg Address Appomattox Assassination of Lincoln Impeachment of Johnson “Solid South”

Slave Codes Free Soil Movement Abolitionist “The Liberator” Underground Railroad Uncle Tom’s Cabin State’s Rights Doctrine King Cotton Popular sovereignty Secession Confederate States of America Reconstruction Freedman’s Bureau Scalawags Carpetbaggers Black Codes Ku Klux Klan


VA & US History SOL Study Guide Section 4 – The Gilded Age – The Rise of America as a World Power

Section 4 – The Gilded Age – The Rise of America as a World Power Maps

• How is the railroad network in 1870 different from the network in 1890? • In what region does the biggest change take place?

• Which two lines first linked the East and West Coasts?

• In what time zone (part of the country extending North-South (up-down)) do you find the

largest concentration of railroad lines?


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• List the population centers in 1870 and 1890. • What two forms of transport made Chicago a trading and industrial center in the

Midwest?

• Which city is an East Coast and national population center in 1870 and 1890?

• What does this map tell about the direction in which the population of the US has moved over time?


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Tables & Charts

• List the 5 states in which the Republican candidate won the most votes.


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• Which country was sending the most immigrants in the 1880s? • What does the table tell you about immigration from Italy?

• Use the chart to contrast immigration from Asia with immigration from Europe.


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Pictures & Cartoons

• What place are all of these people in? • Who do the fat moneybags in the back of the chamber represent?

• Who are they controlling or influencing?

• What is the point (meaning) of this cartoon?


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• What is the door in the picture opening to? • Why are leaders or representatives of foreign countries standing around the door?

• What is the name for the man dressed in American Red, White and Blue?

• Why is the American holding the key? Does it matter that he is bigger than the people who want to get in?


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Issues & Questions

• How did barbed wire allow farmers to tame the plain, including ending the cattle drive? • What was Bimetallism? • Why did farmers want inflation? • Why did the Election of 1896 mark the end of Populism? • Who was William Jennings Bryan? • What was the Dawes Act? • What was the Homestead Act? • What was the Morrill Land Grant Act? • Explain Social Darwinism? • How was the development of a manufacturing process for making cheap, high quality

steel important as a building material? • What was the purpose of the Interstate Commerce Commission?


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• Why did electricity allow factories to be located away from rivers.

• How was competition affected by Trusts and large businesses?

• What was Angel Island?

• Explain the main goal of the Chinese Exclusion Act. • What was the Progressive Movement?

• Who were Muckrakers?

• What was the Bully Pulpit?

• Describe the Federal Trade Commission. • Who was Woodrow Wilson? • Who was Susan B. Anthony? • What was Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal?


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• Compare the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. • Explain Dollar Diplomacy. • Why did America’s industrial growth cause it to become an international power? • What did Teddy Roosevelt’s saying “Speak softly and carry a big stick” mean? • What was the Lusitania and why was it important? • Define Militarism. • What was the Zimmerman Note and why was it important? • Name and explain the US policy that kept it out of WWI for the first three years.

• How did Germany’s submarine warfare cause the US to enter WWI?

• How did the US use the overthrow of Russia’s monarchy and its withdrawal from WWI as a reason that the US could now enter WWI?

• Explain the purpose of the Convoy System.

• In the Treaty of Versailles, what did the Big Four Powers do to Germany that caused Germany to be so unhappy about the peace treaty?


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• Why did Henry Cabot Lodge and the other Republican Senators reject US membership in the League of Nations?

• In the Treaty of Versaille’s, what did the Big Four Powers do to Germany’s army?


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CIVIL RIGHTS

LAWS WARS & BATTLES



Plessy v. Ferguson 19th Amendment

Chinese Exclusion Act Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 Interstate Commerce Act Federal Trade Commission Sherman Anti-trust Act Clayton Anti-trust Act 16th Amendment Federal Reserve Act Virginia State Corporation Commission Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act Child Labor Laws National Parks 17th Amendment

Spanish-American War Battle of San Juan Philippine Insurrection

Roosevelt Corollary Open Door Policy Dollar Diplomacy

Irving Berlin George Gershwin Enrico Fermi Albert Einstein Thomas Edison Henry Bessemer Henry Ford Cornelius Vanderbilt Wright Brothers Alexander G. Bell Andrew Carnegie John D. Rockefeller J.P. Morgan Samuel Gompers Eugene V. Debs Theodore Roosevelt Woodrow Wilson Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DuBois Jane Addams Susan B. Anthony

Light Bulb Telephone Typewriter Radio Haymarket Riot Homestead Strike Pullman Strike Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Panama Canal Annexation of Hawaii Harlem Renaissance (Langston Hughes)

New Immigrants Ellis Island Assimilation Monopolies Horizontal & Vertical Monopolies Child Labor Company Towns Knights of Labor American Federation Of Labor American Railway Union Industrial Ladies Garment Union Muckrakers The Jungle Progressives Nativism Settlement Houses Political machines “Separate but equal” Jim Crow Laws


VA & US History SOL Study Guide Section 5 – Post-WWI America – the Great Depression & the New Deal

Section 5 – Post-WWI America – the Great Depression & the New Deal Maps

• During the “Great Migration”, African Americans moved to the big cities of which states?

• What was in these cities that attracted African Americans from the South?


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• List the states that were affected by the Dust Bowl.


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• Which river on the Tennessee River watershed does not have a Tennessee Valley dam on it?


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Pictures & Cartoons

• Explain how this cartoon states that political radicals are trying to use Communism and radical foreign ideas to block American ideas.

Issues & Questions

• Define “buying stock on margin”. • How did speculation contribute to the Stock Market Crash of 1929? • Explain the Bank Holiday imposed by FDR and state its purpose.


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• Identify the following New Deal Programs:

o Agricultural Adjustment Act o Tennessee Valley Authority

o Securities Act

o Securities Exchange Commission

o Works Progress Administration

o Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

o Glass-Steagall Banking Act

o National Recovery Administration

o Civilian Conservation Corps

o Social Security Act

o National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)

o Fair Labor Standards Act


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Essential Knowledge: 1914-1945 COURTS &

CIVIL RIGHTS

LAWS WARS & BATTLES



19th Amendment Scopes Trial

Hawley-Smoot Tariff Agricultural Adjustment Act Tennessee Valley Authority Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation National Recovery Administration Securities and Exchange Commission Works Progress Administration Civilian Conservation Corps Home-owners Loan Corporation Social Security Act National Labor Relations Act Fair Labor Standards Act

First World War Second World War Siege of Leningrad and Stalingrad Invasion of Poland Pearl Harbor Battle of Midway Invasion of Normandy (D-Day) Battle of the Bulge Iwo Jima Okinawa Hiroshima & Nagasaki

Treaty of Versailles Fourteen Points League of Nations War guilt clause Reparations Non-Aggression Pact Munich Conference Neutrality Acts Lend-Lease Act Yalta Agreement

John L. Lewis Franklin Delano Roosevelt Hitler Mussolini Tojo Stalin Winston Churchill Harry Truman

Red Scare Palmer Raids Sacco and Vanzetti Steel Strike, 1919-1920 Coal Strike Stock Market Crash Bonus Army Zoot Suit Riots Race riots, 1940s Japanese Internment Nuremberg Trials Founding of Israel

Roaring Twenties Harlem Renaissance Prohibition Business cycle Hoovervilles Hobos Dust Bowl New Deal Welfare State Nazi Party Fascism Anti-Semitism Appeasement Mobilization War Bonds “Rosie the Riveter” Blitzkrieg Island Hopping Manhattan Project Holocaust Auschwitz


VA & US History SOL Study Guide Section 6 – WWII – the Present

Section 6 – WWII – the Present Maps

• List the 6 neutral countries during WWII. • Which 2 European countries were allied with Japan to create the Axis? • In what year did the German Army begin occupying parts of the Soviet Union? • List the countries Germany invaded and the year they were invaded.


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• List 2 Allied powers that are located in Europe. • What was Operation Torch? (Include the countries invaded, the nation(s) that invaded and the result) • What invasion led to the liberation of Paris and the invasion of Germany from the West?


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• List the European members of NATO. • List the members of the Warsaw Pact. • Why did Truman order the Berlin Airlift? (Page 771)


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• What was it about the location of Cuba that created the Cuban Missile Crisis?


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• How many countries were created by the break up of the Soviet Union? • What was the name of the central country that made up the former Soviet Union?


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• What were the capitals of North and South Vietnam? • What was the importance of the Ho Chi Minh Trail?


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• Why were there civil rights riots on 1967?

• List the Western states that voted against the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).


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Tables & Charts

• Why was defense spending so high from 1950-1965? • What happens as defense spending goes up?


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Pictures & Cartoons

• Who are the two figures in this political cartoon? • What are they doing? • What 2 events, one in Europe and on in the Caribbean Sea, is the cartoon referring to?

o In Europe: o In the Caribbean Sea:


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Issues & Questions

• Define Blitzkrieg. • What was the British and French policy of Appeasement? • Who were Isolationists? • Define the Lend Lease Act. • Define Genocide. • What was the Final Solution? • Describe the Battle of Midway? (Where was it?/How did it happen?/Who won?) • Explain the main reason Truman gave the order to drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan. • What was the GI Bill of Rights? • Explain what the internment of Japanese Americans was and why it occurred. • What was “rationing” in the United States during WWII? • Define the Manhattan Project. • What was Selective Service?


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• What was the Office of Price Administration?

• What jobs did women do as WAACs?

• What is NATO?

• Why was NATO created?

• What was the Warsaw Pact?

• Define McCarthyism.

• Define capitalism.

• Define Containment. • Define the Marshall Plan. • Define the Truman Doctrine. • Who was Martin Luther King? • What role did Thurgood Marshall play in the case Brown v. Board of Education (1954)? • What role did President Eisenhower play in the desegregation of schools?


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• Who was Rosa Parks? • What plans did John F. Kennedy have for Civil Rights? • Explain the meaning of the US Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). • What are Jim Crow laws? • What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do? • Explain the meaning of the US Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education (1954). • What was the link between job opportunities for African Americans during WWII and the Civil Rights

movement? • Who was Martin Luther King? What group did he found? • Who was Malcolm X? • What was the significance of the assassination of Marin Luther King? • Define Affirmative Action. Why is its use challenged? • What was the Tonkin Gulf Resolution?


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• Why was the Tet Offensive important? • Define Vietnamization? • Why did Richard Nixon go to China in 1972? • Define Strategic Defense Initiative. • Define Perestroika.


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Essential Knowledge: 1945-1974 COURTS &

CIVIL RIGHTS

LAWS WARS & BATTLES

TREATIES & FOREIGN

AFFAIRS


Brown v Board of Education “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Southern Christian Leadership Conference Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Selma to Montgomery March 24th Amendment Wesberry v Sanders Roe v Wade Reed v Reed

Civil Rights Act, 1964 Voting Rights Act, 1965 War Powers Act, 1973

Korean War Vietnam War Tet Offensive

Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Berlin Blockade Berlin Wall NATO Alliance for Progress Nixon in China Nuclear Test Ban Treaty SALT

FDR Churchill Stalin Truman Senator Joseph McCarthy Fidel Castro JFK Martin Luther King, Jr. Malcolm X Thurgood Marshall Lyndon Johnson Eugene McCarthy Robert F. Kennedy Richard Nixon

Defeat of Chiang Kai-shek by Mao Zedong People’s Republic of China formed North Korea invades South Korea Firing of MacArthur Alger Hiss Case Rosenberg Trial School Desegregation (Little Rock) Massive Resistance Montgomery Bus Boycott March on Washington JFK Assassination Watts Riot Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis Division of Vietnam Gulf of Tonkin Watergate

Cold War Communism Iron Curtain Loyalty Oaths HUAC McCarthy-ism Policy of containment 38th Parallel Arms race (H-bomb) Domino Theory Space Race “Great Society” Civil Disobedience Black Power Freedom Rides & Sit-ins “I Have a Dream” Black Panthers “long, hot summer” NAACP Hawks v. Doves Vietnamization Gerrymandering Affirmative Action


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