VAgana Autozeitschrift ? Just Rs.4.99 lakhs/- 6 The production of Galibier was "in its second half of the design phase." Wolfgang Durheimer - “Hero motocorp to discontinue impulse and ignitor and maestro models" Mr. Pawan Munjal - Exclusive article by Mr.Britto Sebastiraj, Lecturer READER’S DIGEST – - “General motors’ plans to cement position in compact SUV and small car segment with new launches” . . 27 The special edition models introduce enhancements to the XK's already luxurious hand-crafted cabin in addition to discreet exterior changes TIMES OF INDIA “MISSING METERS” CAMPAIGN - INSIGHT KHANDA - I KARTTIKA - 2012 ACTOR AJITH’S RACING CAREER – A GIST LIMITED EDITION UNLIMITED EXPECTATION Central 200 Reader’s Poll 5 & 6 Page
Transcript
VAgana Autozeitschrift
?
Just Rs.4.99 lakhs/-
6
The production of Galibier was "in its second half of the design phase."
Wolfgang Durheimer
-“Hero motocorp to discontinue impulse and ignitor and maestro models"
Mr. Pawan Munjal
-Exclusive article by
Mr.Britto Sebastiraj, Lecturer
REA
DER
’S DIG
EST
– -
“General motors’ plans to cement position in compact SUV and small car segment with new launches”
. .27
The special edition models introduce enhancements to the XK's already luxurious hand-crafted cabin in addition to discreet exterior changes
TIMES OF INDIA “MISSING METERS” CAMPAIGN - INSIGHT KHANDA - I KARTTIKA - 2012
Glimpse The Vagana Waste heat recovery by Behr improves fuel
17 Exide takes Lead – acid battery in new direction
AJITH – The Sensation of the century
16 12
20 22
Caterpillar 797 – Coverage
Aerodynamics are for people who can’t build engines. – Enzo Ferrari
Best of British
6
AUTO
MO
BILE
The Department of Automobile Engineering was started in the academic year 2006-07 with a sanctioned intake of 60. At present, the department has eleven faculty members. The department aims at providing the students of Automobile Engineering with learning facilities comparable to world class standards for designing and manufacturing of automobiles, imparting knowledge to design vehicles with lesser pollution and better safety standards to meet the norms, and to expose them to the latest research, development and techniques so as to cater to the growing needs of the industries and to mould the students as good CITIZENS of our country. Apart from the college central library, the department maintains its own library with titles on various Automobile engineering subjects. Total number of titles: 100 Video cassettes: 10 Automobile Engineers have job opportunities in various fields like automobile maintenance and service, production, research & development and transport departments. In addition they have the flexibility of being employed in computer industries too. They have opportunities for higher studies in India and abroad in specialized areas. The students who complete the course successfully can join modern automobile industries like Volvo, Ashok Leyland, Telco, Ford, Hyundai, Maruti, etc. They can also become entrepreneurs by operating service centers for automobiles.
2012
About
Vagana Vagana, an origin of Sanskrit means the word Vehicle. The reason for naming stuff in Sanskrit is that, the concept of Automobiles was first voiced out from India. In our country the Temple Car, generally called as Ratham was the early form of Automobile.
“How a Ratham can be an automobile?” we might think.
Any form of vehicle used for transportation is an automobile. Since our country had such sought of vehicle in the early stages, we can proudly mark our country as the place for Origin of Automobile. No other statements are needed to elaborate the reason for this name, Vagana. Whenever or wherever we go, vehicles are being the huge support for transportation. The fame it has got is not only because of the facility it serves us, but also the people working behind it.
Engineers from various departments work for money. That can never be a true statement in the case of Automobile Engineers. They work for their passion they’ve got on the vehicles. It gives a great pleasure when we use and also create the product we love. Not every man has got such a chance in the life.
It is not that we’re the great among the others. It is that, we are blessed to taste in such a world of creation. On the same note, we also respect the other departments who help us in the complete creation of our product. We can create something with our knowledge and virtual idea, but it comes to the real world only with the help of your support. We are honored by your support and we are always awake to do the same to you.
UPDATE 01/08/2012
vagana
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Limited Edition
Unlimited Expectation
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Ajith is a keen race car driver and has driven in circuits around India in places such as Mumbai, Chennai and Delhi. Ajith is one among very few Indians to race in International arena and only Indian actor to compete in Formula championships. He has also been abroad for various races including Germany and Malaysia. He drove in the 2003 Formula Asia BMW Championships. He raced in the 2010 Formula 2 Championship along with two other Indians, Armaan Ibrahim and Parthiva Sureshwaren.
Formula BMW Asia (2003)
After a one-off race during the Formula Maruti Indian Championships in 2002, where he finished in fourth place, Ajith signed a contract with manager Akbar Ebrahim confirming his participation in the inaugural Formula BMW Asia Championship. Despite spinning out in the first lap of his first race, Ajith successfully completed the season by finishing seventh in the season.
Formula 2 (2010)
After a six year sabbatical, Ajith signed up for his third season of car racing by participating in the 2010 season of the FIA Formula Two Championship.The decision to be involved in the sport was made after Ajith's film directed by Gautham Menon was delayed, allowing Ajith to participate for the whole season. Prior to signing up, Ajith competed in the final round of the MRF racing series in Chennai in February 2010, but failed to finish the race due to mechanical problems. Further trials in Sepang, Malaysia followed suit as he practiced for the season's beginning in April 2010 in his Formula Renault V6 car with Eurasian Racing, shedding 11 kilograms during training.
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GM's India sales fell 11% in first six months of 2012; passenger vehicle mkt share is just 4% despite being in
India since 1996.
VOLUME – I / PAGE - 11
vagana
Using data supplied by seven sensors, the ESP computer acts selectively on the wheels so that the car returns to the intended trajectory. It does this by working in close conjunction with the ABS system.
IN S
HO
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Dynamic trajectory control, also known as ESP (Electronic Stability Program), assists the driver to retain control of his vehicle in the event of a loss of grip. Traction control operates alongside ESP.
and continuously monitors steering and vehicle direction. It compares the driver's intended direction (determined through the measured steering wheel angle) to the vehicle's actual direction (determined through measured lateral acceleration, vehicle rotation (yaw), and individual road wheel speeds).
ESC intervenes only when it detects a probable loss of steering control, i.e. when the vehicle is not going where the driver is steering. This may happen, for example, when skidding during emergency evasive swerves, understeer or oversteer during poorly judged turns on slippery roads, or hydroplaning. ESC may also intervene in an unwanted way during high-performance driving, because steering input may not always be directly indicative of the intended direction of travel (i.e. controlled drifting).
Few vehicles are as fortified as the XUV500. And at the heart of this defense is the Electronic Stability Program (ESP). The Electronic Stability Program is always on high alert and constantly monitors the movement and direction of the car. When it detects loss of control, brakes are automatically applied and torque to the relevant wheel is reduced till vehicle stability is restored. Rest assured, the only thing that'll go out of control is your heartbeat!
Electronic stability control (ESC), also referred
to as electronic stability program (ESP) or
dynamic stability control (DSC), is a
computerized technology that improves the
safety of a vehicle's stability by detecting and
reducing loss of traction (skidding). When ESC
detects loss of steering control, it automatically
applies the brakes to help "steer" the vehicle
where the driver intends to go. Braking is
automatically applied to wheels individually,
such as the outer front wheel to counter
oversteer or the inner rear wheel to counter
understeer. Some ESC systems also reduce
engine power until control is regained. During
normal driving, ESC works in the background
and continuously monitors
vagana VOLUME – I / PAGE - 14
ESC incorporates yaw rate control into the anti-lock braking system (ABS). Yaw is a rotation around the vertical axis and spinning left or right. Anti-lock brakes enable ESC to brake individual wheels. Many ESC systems also incorporate a traction control system (TCS or ASR), which senses drive-wheel slip under acceleration and individually brakes the slipping wheel or wheels and/or reduces excess engine power until control is regained. The ESC system uses several sensors to determine what the driver wants (input). Other sensors indicate the actual state of the vehicle (response). The control algorithm compares driver input to vehicle response and decides, when necessary, to apply brakes and/or reduce throttle by the amounts calculated through the state space (set of equations used to model the dynamics of the vehicle). The ESC controller can also receive data from an issue commands to other controllers on the vehicle such as an all wheel drive system or an active suspension system to improve vehicle stability and controllability. ESC uses a hydraulic modulator to assure that each wheel receives the correct brake force. The brain of the ESC system is the electronic control unit (ECU). The various control techniques are embedded in it. Often, the same ECU is used for diverse systems at the same time (ABS, Traction control system, climate control, etc.). The input signals are sent through the input-circuit to the digital controller. The desired vehicle state is determined based upon the steering wheel angle, its gradient and the wheel speed.
The controller computes the needed brake or acceleration force for each wheel and directs via the driver circuits the valves of the hydraulic modulator.
The ESC will automatically reactivate at highway speeds and below that if it detects a skid with the brake pedal depressed.ESC is available on cars, SUVs and pickup trucks from all major auto makers. Luxury cars, sports cars, SUVs, and crossovers are usually equipped with ESC. Midsize cars are also gradually catching on, though the model of the Nissan and Ford, Chevrolet and Toyota.
During a recent technical presentation at the Mahle headquarters, Behr revealed a prototypical waste heat recovery (WHR) system for long-haul trucks that has
demonstrated a fuel-efficiency benefit of around 5% on the test rig during stationary and transient operation.
“Currently the biggest driver of commercial-vehicle drivetrain optimization work is emissions legislation. While that is not likely to change, the diesel price level together with oncoming
low carbon regulations for trucks also require better fuel efficiency,” said Dr. Ing. Eberhard Pantow, Head of Advanced Engineering Engine Cooling, Truck at Behr.
As only around 40% of the energy contained in the fuel can actually be used to propel the truck, according to Behr, it is
attractive to harvest at least some of the 30% of energy that is currently lost via the hot exhaust gases and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).
“If a waste heat recovery system is fitted, the thermal efficiency of this WHR system is directly equivalent to a lower
fuel consumption of the same magnitude,” Pantow said, explaining the rationale why the automotive supplier, based in Stuttgart, Germany, has built a WHR prototype, which is
already designed to fit realistically into the packaging space long-haul trucks offer.
The WHR unit is based on the Rankine cycle (in practical terms, a variation of the steam engine process) and has been fully tested with water as working fluid. Parts of the process
have also been tested with ethanol. During rig testing according to the European Stationary Cycle, the system demonstrated an efficiency of between 4.5 and 5.5%,
depending on the individual part of the cycle. The tests were conducted on a full engine with typical long-haul truck dimensions at roughly 2 L displacement per cylinder. Also,
the full exhaust gases after treatment systems were installed.
“It turned out that the motorway [highway] part of the cycle
proved to be particularly beneficial at 5% and more of efficiency,” Pantow said. The total WHR system weight is currently around 100 kg (220 lb); “however, that is inclusive of
high safety margins and before further optimization measures, which will be part of industrialization,” Pantow added.
The prototypical waste heat recovery (WHR) system, developed by Behr, is based on the Rankine cycle. It showed an efficiency improvement of 5% on average, which, according to the supplier, is the direct equivalent to a potential fuel-efficiency increase in the same magnitude.
10-Jul-2012 21:53 GMT
Testing the system according to the European Transient Cycle showed that the highway benefits in particular are also confirmed during transient operation: during the urban section
the WHR efficiency was 4.2%, during the rural section it was 3.5%, and during the highway section it was measured at 5.2%.
The Rankine closed-loop power delivery cycle consists of four major elements: A small pump feeds the liquid working fluid to
two vaporizers, which serve to turn the working fluid to vapor. Both vaporizer units are positioned downstream of the after treatment components, one in the exhaust gas recirculation
flow (EGR vaporizer), the other one in the main exhaust flow (tailpipe vaporizer). Within these two vaporizers the working liquid is preheated, then vaporized, and is subsequently
superheated to produce a dry steam. This super critical steam flows into an expander.
“We chose a two-cylinder reciprocating engine with 650 cc displacement to turn the thermal energy in the exhaust flow into mechanical power,” Pantow explained. After passing
through the expander, the working fluid enters a condenser where it is returned to the liquid state. In the Behr WHR, this condenser is cooled by the engine cooling system. From here
the cycle begins again.
During development the supplier’s engineers were able to
bring down the exhaust gas back pressure increase to a few mbar, according to Pantow. They also minimized the need for extra cooling, which would otherwise impact WHR efficiency.
As it is, the most relevant part of the map—long-haul highway driving at medium engine load and constant rpm levels—requires the least cooling, which is good news as the system
targets long-haul trucks.
“Under full load conditions and during urban driving, the extra
coolant and fan requirements can eat up 1% of the WHR efficiency,” Pantow said.
One of the important oncoming decisions will be the choice of the working fluid. While water has specific benefits inasmuch as it requires fewer changes in the engine cooling system,
ethanol offers advantages because it does not freeze and is more benevolently controlled during load change situations. During the technical briefing, the Behr expert highlighted the benefits of ethanol but said that “this decision will ultimately
depend on an industry-wide discussion.”
Asked about how the recovered energy is best fed back into
the drivetrain, Pantow said that both the direct mechanical use and the electrical storage have advantages: “If we use the kinetic energy from the expander directly as mechanical
driving force, the total system efficiency will be higher. However, there are driving situations where there is no need for the recovered energy. If the expander energy is converted
to electrical energy, it can be stored and used freely, independent of the driving situation. The downside of this thermo-electric process is the amount of loss, which is
caused by the conversion.”
During the oncoming further development work, the
supplier is optimistic that there is even more potential to increase the WHR system’s efficiency: “For one, we have not yet optimized the system design details for individual working
fluids. Secondly, we have had some heat losses through the many sensor accesses we integrated into the prototype.”
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY BY BEHR IMPROVES FUEL ECONOMY FOR LONG HAUL TRUCKS
VOLUME – I / PAGE - 16
NEW BORN
The drive to boost mileage is starting a transformation of one
of the oldest technologies in autos: the lead-acid battery. The adoption of stop-start systems is helping drive a transition from conventional flooded lead-acid batteries to units that
hold liquid electrolytes in absorbent glass mats.
While much of the auto industry’s focus has been on lithium-ion batteries for electrified power trains, Exide has remained
focused on the lead-acid batteries used to start nearly every vehicle on the highways. The company is among the battery makers who are boosting production of absorbed glass mat
(AGM) batteries.
The company’s Edge AGM batteries use absorbent materials that hold the electrolytes. Glass fiber mats act like sponges to
hold electrolytes. Since liquids aren’t moving around, there’s far less evaporation, so lifetimes can be longer.
“The separator on the old batteries is a piece of polyethylene.
In the new technology, we use absorbent glass mats that are a bit like sponges. They are compressible, so everything is held in place. When nothing moves, acid is not sloshing
around, which improves lifetimes by a factor of four,” said Paul Cheeseman, Vice President Global Engineering and Research at Exide.
These batteries have seen solid success in Europe, where the popularity of manual transmissions makes it easier to implement stop-start. AGM is gaining acceptance because it
can survive far more discharge cycles than the flooded battery technology that has been used for several decades.
“Last year, we shipped 2 to 3 million advanced batteries for
stop-start systems,” Cheeseman said. “The batteries last four times longer and the number of times they can start the car is far higher. With stop-start, you’re starting the car 20, 30, 40
times per day or more, depending on traffic. Conventional flooded lead-acid batteries can’t support that many discharge cycles.”
AGM batteries aren’t the only change that is being driven by stop-start. Exide is also moving forward with graphite additives that go into conventional flooded batteries and AGM
“With carbon, it only takes around 20 seconds to recharge after the vehicle shuts down at a stoplight. Without it, it can
take over a minute to recharge,” Cheeseman said.
Storing electrolytes in mats extends battery lifetimes and facilitates the increasing use of fuel-saving stop-start technology.
14-Sep-2012 17:42 GMT
EXIDE TAKES THE LEAD-ACID BATTERY IN A NEW DIRECTION
VOLUME – I / PAGE - 17
Many observers predict that stop-start technology will see
substantial growth over the next few years as automakers struggle to improve mileage. That should spark broader usage of AGM and graphite.
“In the next three to four years, advanced lead-acid batteries should be around 35-40% of the market globally,” said Layna Mendlinger, Exide Senior Director, and New Product
Development.
She noted that the expansion of electronic controls is also driving OEMs to advanced batteries. They hold a charge
longer, which can be a big benefit for owners who leave their cars parked for long periods. Another benefit if that AGMs can be produced in any shape.
“AGM is almost an insurance policy; it lets a lot of complicated accessories run off key for a longer time,” Mendlinger said. “They’re also adaptable. They can be
shaped differently, they don’t emit gases, and they can be set on their sides, so they can be placed in the trunk or even under the car seat.”
Though these batteries contain lead, Exide claims they are more environmentally friendly than the batteries that are being touted as the future of electrified power trains.
“Lithium batteries are more expensive to begin with, and it’s still quite expensive to recycle them,” Cheeseman said. “In the U.S., 90% of lead-acid batteries are recycled, and 90% of
the materials can be recycled.”
`
IDEAS TO REALITY
“
” Buzz around the town
happens to be the news that
the America-based search engine, Google, has designed
futuristic automated cars,
which have completed 3,00,000 miles in test drives
without a glitch. Head,
Engineering, Chris Urmson, stated, “Our vehicles, of which
about a dozen are on the road
at any given time, have now
completed more than 300,000 miles of testing. They've
covered a wide range of traffic
conditions, and there hasn't been a single accident under
computer control.” The
company has modified Toyota
Prius, the hybrid model, with a host of cameras, radar
sensors and laser range-
finders to analyse the traffic.
Besides these, the company’s
advanced software engages Google Maps to navigate the
vehicle easily. According to
Urmson, Lexus RX450h is the
recent addition to the fleet of self-driven cars. The level of
confidence invested by the
Google in this project is highlighted by the fact that
company now believes that the
car need to be manhandled only
in emergencies, thus, reducing the active involvement of the
driver. Coming to India, even
though country does not boasts of an infrastructure and roadways
like USA, it must be hoping that
the car makes way to its shores, considering higher number of
fatalities in road accidents.
However, if the technology gets
refined and eligible for practical
purpose with an economical
price, it may be introduced here
any time in near future. This makes sense as according to a
WHO report in 2011, India
witnesses the most count road accidents across the globe.
Owing to poor infrastructure and
rash driving cases, around 1, 05,000 individuals renounce
their lives every year.
vagana
PAGE NO.18
VOLUME - I
S J
YOGESH KUMAR, IV year attended a seminar on “Emerging Trends and Future Perspective in Automotive Industry”
J
VIGNESH.S, IV year, attended a Industry Internship Program on “Design simulation Analysis of commercial car and product designing using reverse engineering and rapid prototyping
Mr.R.ANBALAGAN and Mr.E.BRITTO attended “Six Sigma” Workshop at Tata Consultancy Services
Mr.K.MOHANRAJ attended CFD workshop conducted in Madras Institute of Technology
Industrial Visit IV Year
Industrial Visit III Year and IV Year
Industrial Visit III Year
A
J.VAIDYANTHAN and A.HEMNATH secured II prize in “Drag Race” Event conducted in Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering.
Industrial Visit IV Year
Industrial Visit II Year
DR.G.NAGARAJAN, Professor, I.C.Engines Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Guindy, Chennai.
Experts hub Workshop 12 Students participated and won accolades
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400 TONS
Payload capacity
Ambitious plans for 2013 include Atom Cup race series and a Honda Engined motorbike. Brit ambition at its best
Bentley insiders tell us that they are concerned by negative comments regarding the styling of EX9F concept. Why? Because 1000 pre – orders have been taken, making it an immediate production sign-off. Yours to buy in 2015.Hybrid also planned
Range now includes the B1 road car,the GR8 (a modern racer) and a ‘new heritage’ B16.Exciting Stuff.
Drayson’s LMP-style electric racer is slow running.Meanwhile,the Oxfordshire-based team’s chief, Lord’s Paul Drayson,is part of the consortium promoting Formula E – the FIA’s new zero – emission electric racing championship, which is due to start in 2014 and will feature the DRT machine.
Zagato’s not British,but the Z-badges will appear on a new car from AC(made in Brooklands) and,we hear,a Roadster version of Aston Martin V12 Zagato
BEST OF
Surrey – based, Skyline-loving gear head returns to the pages of vagana soon, as he attempts to build an 850bhp GT-R..
A third of Westfields go abroad, with a new dealer in India leading the charge in Asia. Basic kit costs just £2500
London born Adams has just become executive director of global Cadillac and Buic design,having headed up Vauxhall/Opel design in Europe for 10 years.One of the biggest talents in the car design,It’ll be fascinating to see how he shapes two quintessentially American brands for future.
If there’s one thing Brit car enthusiasts are good at,it’s not allowing a car to die.TVR is dead as a manufacturer, but skilled experts like Str9six and TVR Power keep the legends alive – and often better than new
Plans for a technology park, education campus, motorsport museum and three hotels at the Northamptonshire track have just been approved.8400 permanent jobs will be created
vagana
VOLUME – 1 / PAGE NO.22
UK – based R&D firm’s range extending tech is expected to appear in 2013...in a Bristol. Frazer – Nash bought the assets to the marquee last year and has intriguing plans for it.
Two road cars, several successful race cars and championships, and the ambition and funding to the next level – it’s impossible to ignore the entrepreneurial Yorkshire – bred boss Lawrence Tomlinson and his Leeds based firm
Jaguar, Aston and Range Rover are the stars, but there’s a lot more to the British car industry. Nick Trott reports on the other key players, and their future plans
Late last year, and with little fanfare, Gordon Murray designs entered partnership with Japan’s Toray Industries. The plan is to further develop Murray’s innovative iStream manufacturing process and build a light-weight two-seat electric sport car
With two dealers appointed in China, Morgan is turning its attention to Brazil and India.
The great Range Rover ‘enhancer’ returns with a suitably bonkers 575bhp GTS-X.Evoques, Discos and Defenders also available
Jaguar Land Rover’s factory on Merseyside bucked the downward production trend with the recent switch to 24 hour manufacturing following the recruitment of 1000 new staff.2013 could be its busiest year ever, with the revised Freelander entering production and the Evoque success story showing no sign of abating
VOLUME – 1 / PAGE NO.22 vagana
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CONTACT
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