VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE Semester/EC6018-Multimedi… · VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM...

Mr.A.Pandian,Dr. N. UshaBhanu, Dr.S. Ramesh

VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

VIII SEMESTER

EC6018 - MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION AND COMMUNICATION

Regulation – 2013

Academic Year 2017 – 18

Prepared by

Mr.A.Pandian, Assistant Professor (O.G)

Dr. N. UshaBhanu, Associate Professor

Dr.S. Ramesh, Associate Professor


UNIT I - MULTIMEDIA COMPONENTS

Introduction - Multimedia skills - Multimedia components and their characteristics - Text, sound, images, graphics, animation, video, hardware.

PART - A

Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. What are the multimedia components? BTL 1 Remembering

2. Define multimedia and luminance. BTL 1 Remembering

3. Write the skill set requirements of multimedia designer and

multimedia programmer.

BTL 1 Remembering

4. Identify communication networks available for multimedia. BTL 1 Remembering

5. Describe the applications of multimedia and sampling rate. BTL 1 Remembering

6. List the types of text that are used to produce pages of

documents.

BTL 1 Remembering

7. Distinguish between unformatted text and formatted text BTL 2 Understanding

8. Summarize about three types of text that are used to produce

pages of documents.

BTL 2 Understanding

9. Interpret the pixel depth and aspect ratio. BTL 2 Understanding

10. Discuss raster scan principle. BTL 2 Understanding

11. Illustrate digitized documents. BTL 3 Applying

12. Show how the quantization interval influences the accuracy of

the sampling process of an analog signal.

BTL 3 Applying

13. Demonstrate the meaning of composite video signal. BTL 3 Applying

14. Infer the three main properties of a color source that the eye makes use of and if you develop a multimedia team who are all must be therein that team?

BTL 4 Analyzing

15. Classify the digitization formats.

BTL 4 Analyzing

16. Differentiate between a bitonal image and a continuous-tone image.

BTL 4 Analyzing

17. Discriminate the additive color mixing and subtractive color mixing.

BTL 5 Evaluating

18. Assess the main features of the MIDI standard and its associated

messages.

BTL 5 Evaluating


19. Invent the color difference signal associated with the NTPC and

PAL systems.

BTL 6 Creating

20. Formulate the resolution of luminance and chrominance signals for 525 and 625 line systems.

BTL 6 Creating

PART - B

1. ( i) What are the media types? (4)

(ii) Describe the form of representation of media types that is

used when all are integrated together and give your reason.

What are basic skill set that a multimedia team should have?

(12)

BTL 1 Remembering

2. (i) List the basic types of communication network that are used

to provide multimedia communication services.

(4)

(ii) Explain why most data networks operate in a packet mode.

Hence explain why services involving audio and video are

supported. (12)

BTL 1 Remembering

3. (i) Identify the aim of all broadcast television networks.

(3)

(ii) Write some of the multimedia components. Explain some of

the real time applications where these components can be

used.

(13)

BTL 1 Remembering

4. (i) Examine the interpersonal communications may involve speech, image, text, or video for multimedia applications.

(13)

(ii) Name the three main categories of multimedia applications.

(3)

BTL 1 Remembering

5. (i) Discuss the interactive applications over the internet and

entertainment applications of multimedia. (10)

(ii) Distinguish the continuous media and block-mode media. (6)

BTL 2 Understanding

6. (i) Describe the digitization principles. (10)

(ii) Summarize the meaning of codeword, analog signal, signal

encoder and signal decoder. (6)

BTL 2 Understanding

7. (i) Express the meaning of unformatted text, and formatted

text. (8)

(ii) Interpret about the pages/documents, hypertext, and

hyperlinks. (8)

BTL 2 Understanding

8. (i) Illustrate the meaning of visual object, freeform object, clip-

art, and 3-D objects relating to graphical images and

describe the procedural steps for creating 3D animation with

neat sketches. (8)

(ii) Show the digitization format for digitized documents

through an example. (8)

BTL 3 Applying

9. (i) Demonstrate with the aid of diagrams where appropriate;

explain the color gamut, additive color mixing, and subtractive color mixing. Give an application of both color

mixing methods. (8)

BTL 3 Applying


(ii) Discover the raster scan operation associated with

TV/computer monitors. (8)

10. (i) Compare the display resolutions and memory requirements

for VGA, XGA & SVGA standard. (6)

(ii) Analyze with the aid of a diagram, how a color image is captured within a camera or scanner and explain the working

principle of digital camera & scanner.

(10)

BTL 4 Analyzing

11. (i) Differentiate between 4:2:2 and 4:2:0 formats. (6)

(ii) Classify the CD-quality audio and synthesized audio.

(10)

BTL 4 Analyzing

12. (i) Explain the principle of operation of a PCM speech codec.

Include in your diagram the operation of the compressor in

the encoder and the expander in the decoder.

(13)

(ii) Pointout the PC video digitization formats. (3)

BTL 4 Analyzing

13. (i) Evaluate with the aid of diagram, the principles of interlaced

of scanning as used in most TV broadcast applications.

Include in your explanation the meaning of the terms filed,

odd and even scan lines. Show the number of scan lines per

field with for a 525 and 625 line system.

(12)

(ii) Assess the luminance, chrominance, and color difference and

how the magnitude of each primary color present in the

source is derived from these. (4)

BTL 5 Evaluating

14. (i) Generalise the following digitization formats: 4:2:2, 4:2:0,

SIF, CIF, QCIF, and S-QCIF. (12)

(ii) Develop the video content for particular application.

(4)

BTL 6 Creating


UNIT II - AUDIO AND VIDEO COMPRESSION

Audio compression–DPCM-Adaptive PCM –adaptive predictive coding-linear Predictive coding-code

excited LPC-perpetual coding Video compression –principles-H.261-H.263-MPEG 1, 2, and 4.

PART - A


1. What is the need for compression and principle of adaptive predictive coding?

BTL 1 Remembering

2. Define pitch, period, loudness, and frequency masking. BTL 1 Remembering

3. List the audio compression techniques. BTL 1 Remembering

4. How the performance of a basic DPCM scheme can be

improved by utilizing a more accurate version of the

previous signal?

BTL 1 Remembering

5. Identify the frame types in video compression. BTL 1 Remembering

6. Describe adaptive differential pulse code modulation

encoder and decoder with a neat diagram.

BTL 1 Remembering

7. Distinguish between LPC and CELPC. BTL 2 Understanding

8. Summarize the CELP based standards. BTL 2 Understanding

9. Interpret the frequency and temporal masking. BTL 2 Understanding

10. Discuss the Dolby AC-1, AC-2 and AC-3 standards. BTL 2 Understanding

11. Illustrate the I, P and B-frames and define & working of

GOP with an example.

BTL 3 Applying

12. Discover the role of formatter. BTL 3 Applying

13. Demonstrate the H.261 encoding formats. BTL 3 Applying

14. Infer the ways of errors detected in H.263 video

compression standard.

BTL 4 Analyzing

15. Classify the MPEG standards. BTL 4 Analyzing

16. Differentiate MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 standards. BTL 4 Analyzing

17. Discriminate MPEG audio and Dolby audio coders. BTL 5 Evaluating

18. Assess MPEG-4 decoder schematic. BTL 5 Evaluating

19. Develop B-frame encoding procedure in video

compression.

BTL 6 Creating

20. Invent how reversible variable length codewords reduce

the effects of transmission errors.

BTL 6 Creating


PART - B

1. ( i) What is differential pulse code modulation? (3)

(ii) Describe with the aid of a schematic diagram, the

operation of a basic DPCM signal encoder and

decoder. Include in your explanation the source of

errors that can arise. (13)

BTL 1 Remembering

2. (i) How better sound quality for the same bit rate can be

obtained using a subband coding ADPCM. Give

examples of the bit rates used for the lower and

higher subbands and state an application of this type

of codec. (6)

(ii) Define adaptive PCM and explain ADPCM subband

encoder & decoder with neat schematic. (10)

BTL 1 Remembering

3. (i) Examine the third order predictive DPCM signal

encoder and decoder schematic. (10)

(ii) Write short notes on adaptive predictive coding. (6)

BTL 1 Remembering

4. (i) Identify the perception parameters and associated

vocal tract excitation parameters that are used. (8)

(ii) List the terms relating to speech coders and explain

the meaning. (8)

BTL 1 Remembering

5. (i) Discuss the code excited linear predictive coding. (8)

(ii) Distinguish between LPC and CELP codec.

Include in your explanation the meaning of

waveform template and template codebook. (8)

BTL 2 Understanding

6. (i) Describe the LPC encoder and decoder with

schematic diagram. (10)

(ii) Summarize the principles on which perceptual coders

are based and how they differ from an LPC and

CELP coder. (6)

BTL 2 Understanding

7. (i) Express the sensitivity of ear and frequency masking.

(10)

(ii) Interpret about the temporal masking with the

support of a graph. (6)

BTL 2 Understanding

8. (i) Illustrate a brief outline about the MPEG perceptual

encoder and decoder. (12)

(ii) Show the three levels of processing used and an

applications and typical bit rate of each in MPEG

perceptual coder. (4)

BTL 3 Applying

9. (i) Demonstrate the Dolby AC-1, Dolby AC-2, and

Dolby AC-3. (12)

(ii) Discover the difference between the forward adaptive

bit allocation mode as used with an MPEG perceptual

coder and the fixed bit allocation mode as used with a Dolby AC-1 coder. (4)

BTL 3 Applying

10. (i) Compare the H.261 & H.263 video compression standards. (4)

(ii) Analyze the H.261 video encoder and infer the

relation to the macroblock and frame formats. (12)

BTL 4 Analyzing


11. (i) Differentiate video encoding procedure used with

motion vector and prediction vector. (4)

(ii) Explain the compressed frames of I-frames, P-

frames, B-frames and the reasons for their use. (12)

BTL 4 Analyzing

12. (i) Classify motion picture expert group standards. (3)

(ii) Pointout H.263 error tracking scheme, independent

segment decoding and reference picture selection

with independent of segment decoding. (13)

BTL 4 Analyzing

13. (i) Evaluate the MPEG-1 frame sequence and video bit

stream structure. (8)

(ii) Assess about the compression technique which is used

for regenerative sound and digital TV broadcast. (8)

BTL 5 Evaluating

14. (i) Develop how the content based video coding principle

is done in video’s and MPEG-4 coding. (12)

(ii) Invent the compression algorithm used with MPEG-1

differs from that used in the H.261 standard. (4)

BTL 6 Creating

UNIT III - TEXT AND IMAGE COMPRESSION

Compression principles-source encoders and destination encoders-lossless and lossy compression-entropy

encoding –source encoding -text compression –static Huffman coding dynamic coding –arithmetic coding –Lempel ziv-welsh Compression-image compression

PART – A


1. Define the term Entropy encoding. BT1 Remembering 2. What is meant by temporal redundancy? BT1 Remembering

3. List out the methods in source encoding. BT1 Remembering

4. Define entropy. How entropy is related for the performance measure of statistical encoding?

BT1 Remembering

5. What are the main objectives of lossless and lossy compression techniques?

BT1 Remembering

6. Give the principle of differential encoding.

BT1 Remembering

7. Summarize the significance and applications of GIF and TIFF

image file formats.

BT2 Understanding

8. Outline the basic principle of Statistical encoding. BT2 Understanding

9. State the principle of Progressive transmission. BT2 Understanding

10. When prefix code is called as optimum prefix codes? BT2 Understanding

11. Identify the applications of LZW. BT3 Applying

12. Develop the expression for coding efficiency to entropy. BT3 Applying

13. If there is a ZIP code file format means which kind of

compression technique is used to unzip the data.

BT3 Applying

14. In what way the adaptive Huffman code differs from Huffman

code?

BT4 Analyzing

15. Distinguish between static and dynamic Huffman coding. BT4 Analyzing


16. What is the need of EOL in Facsimile machine? BT4 Analyzing

17. Justify the need of dictionary based algorithm. BT5 Evaluating

18. Assess the need of run length encoding? For which type of

applications it is more useful? Justify.

BT5 Evaluating

19. Create the expression for DCT of each 8X8 block values. BT6 Creating

20. Propose the frame format for JPEG. BT6 Creating

PART – B

1. Define the following:

i. Source encoders & destination decoders (4) ii. Lossless and Lossy compression techniques (4)

iii. Entropy Encoding (4) iv. Source Encoding (4)

BT1

Remembering

2. (i) Explain JPEG encoding process in detail. (8)

(ii) Explain why differential encoding is used for the compression of the DC coefficient in successive blocks. (8)

BT1 Remembering

3.

With the aid of diagram explain in a qualities way the meaning of

the following terms relating to transform encoding. (i) Spatial frequency (4)

(ii) Horizontal & vertical components (4) (iii) DCT (8)

BT1 Remembering

4. Give a detailed note on the following image file formats: (i) GIF (8)

(ii). TIFF (8).

BT1

Remembering

5. Explain in detail about various image compression techniques.(16)

BT2 Understanding

6. Summarize the principle of : i. Arithmetic coding. (6)

ii. LZW algorithm. (10)

BT2 Understanding

7. Explain the following terms relating to facsimile machines: (i)Termination codes (4)

(ii) make-up codes (4) (iii) Over scanning (4)

(iv) EOL code and its uses (4)

BT2 Understanding

8. A series of messages is to be transferred between computers. The

message comprises of the characters a through f. The probability

of occurrence of the characters a through f are 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.1,

0.1, 0.1 respectively. Use Huffman coding procedure to derive a codeword and also obtain the average codeword length. (16)

BT3 Applying


9. (i) The following character string is to be transmitted using

Huffman coding A B A C A D A B A C A D A B A C A B A B. Compute and draw the Huffman code tree. (10)

(ii) With an example, explain Shannon- Fano Coding (6)

BT3 Applying

10. Consider the string : ARBER, analyse Huffman coding and decode it. (16)

BT4 Analyzing

11. Find Huffman code word of the given text

“AAAAAAAAAABBBBBCCCSS” by using static Huffman

tree. Calculate Entropy and derive the average number of bits per

character for code word? (16)

BT4 Analyzing

12. Examine the basic mode of operation of GIF. Include in your

explanation the size of the color table used, how each pixel value is

sent, and how the receiver knows the image parameters used by this

source. (16)

BT4 Analyzing

13. Explain the importance of arithmetic encoding algorithm and

encode the string with the probabilities of the character “went$” .

The probabilities are : e=0.3, n=0.3, t=0.2, w=0.1, $=0.1 (16)

BT5 Evaluating

14. Messages comprising Seven different characters, A through G are

to be transmitted over a data link, analysis has shown that the relative frequency of occurrence of each character is A 0.10, B

0.25, C 0.05, D 0.32, E 0.01, F 0.07, G 0.2 a. Derive the entropy the messages (4)

b. Use static Huffman coding to derive a suitable set of code words (4)

c. Derive the average number of bits per code word for four code word set to transmit a message (4)

d. compare this with the fixed length binary code words. (4)

BT6

Creating

UNIT IV - VOIP TECHNOLOGY

Basics of IP transport, VoIP challenges, H.323/ SIP –Network Architecture, Protocols, Call

establishment and release, VoIP and SS7, Quality of Service- CODEC Methods- VOIP applicability

PART – A


1. What are the major challenges involved in the implementation of VOIP?.

BT1 Remembering

2. Write the applications of VOIP in multimedia systems. BT1 Remembering

3. Draw the network architecture for SIP. BT1 Remembering

4. Describe Real Time Transport Protocol. BT1 Remembering

5. Point out the commands used in MEGACO. BT1 Remembering


6. Draw OSI- IP protocol stack for voice transport. BT1 Remembering

7. What do you mean by Real Time Transport Protocol? BT2 Understanding

8. Which is the first successful set of protocols for VOIP?

How it is called in another way?

BT2 Understanding

9. Define media descriptor in MEGACO. BT2 Understanding

10. Summarize all CODEC methods. BT2 Understanding 11. Illustrate the role of ARQ in H323. BT3 Applying

12. Classify and describe the SIP basic classes. BT3 Applying

13. Sketch the H.323 network architecture with neat diagram. BT3 Applying

14. Analyse the need and draw the SIGTRAN protocol suite. BT4 Analyzing

15. Categorize the commonly used CODEC’s and its features. BT4 Analyzing

16. How does a call establishment take place in VOIP? BT4 Analyzing

17. Justify how QOS is measured in VOIP. BT5 Evaluating

18. Explain soft switch architecture. BT5 Evaluating

19. Formulate MEGACO protocol context and termination. BT6 Creating

20. Discuss the features of SS7 and its applications. BT6 Creating

PART – B

1. (i) Give a detailed note on challenges in VOIP and its applications. (10) (ii) Write a brief note on QoS issues in VOIP. (6)

BT1 Remembering

2. (i) Define and explain the architecture of SIP. (10)

(ii) List the Various CODEC methods. (6)

BT1 Remembering

3. Write short notes on: i. SCTP (6)

ii. MPLS (10)

BT1 Remembering

4. Explain the following in MEGACO protocol. (i) MEGACO transaction (4) (ii) MEGACO commands (4) (iii) MEGACO descriptions (4) (iv) MEGACO call establishment.(4)

BT1

Remembering

5. Explain the H.323/ SIP network architecture along with protocol

stack with neat diagram. (16) BT2 Understanding

6. (i) Summarize the basics of SS7 signaling and describe its

applications in VOIP. (8)

(ii) Explain the call establishment and release phase of VOIP

connection with neat diagram. (8)

BT2 Understanding

7. Explain the SIP messages and address formats. Describe the

session establishment, termination and call tracking using SIP.(16)

BT2 Understanding

8. Identify the meaning of the source descriptor items used

in RTCP source description packet. Specifically find the meaning of CNAME, NAME, EMAIL, PHONE, LOC,

TOOL, NOTE & PRIV.(16)

BT3 Applying

9. What are the features of MEGACO protocol? Explain the

techniques involved in MEGACO protocol.(16)

BT3 Applying


10. (i)Discuss the terminology and concept behind VOIP network

architecture. (8)

(ii)Explain basics IP transport in detail? (8)

BT6

Creating

11. (i) How the call establishment will be carried out in H.323.

Explain in detail. (8)

(ii) Analyse the fast connect procedure of H.323 with necessary

diagrams. (8) BT4 Analysing

12. Determine the format of RTCP sender and give description to

the packet length and the fields repeated for each source.

Describe each field. (16)

BT4 Analyzing

13. (i) Examine the types of CODEC’s for handling VOIP traffic.(8)

(ii) How SIGTRAN is related with IP & SS7? Explain. (8)

BT4 Analyzing

14. Compare the similarities and differences of UDP and RTP with

TCP/IP. Justify your answers. (16)

BT5 Evaluating

UNIT V - MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING

Multimedia networking -Applications-streamed stored and audio-making the best Effort service-protocols

for real time interactive Applications-distributing multimedia-beyond best effort service-secluding and policing Mechanisms-integrated services-differentiated Services-RSVP.

PART – A


1. List out the schemes for streaming stored media & name the

advantages of each scheme

BTL 1 Remembering

2. Recall the link scheduling discipline methods. BTL 1 Remembering

3. Define packet jitter. BTL 1 Remembering

4. What is mean by RSVP? BTL 1 Remembering

5. Show the limitation of best effort service. BTL 1 Remembering

6. Outline the features of best effort service. BTL 1 Remembering

7. Summarize the important points about interactivity for streaming stored audio/Video.

BTL 2 Understanding

8. Discuss the meaning of interactivity for real time interactive

audio/video.

BTL 2 Understanding

9. Explain the role of the DNS in CDN. BTL 2 Understanding

10. Classify the different RTP stream in different session identified by

a receiver.

BTL 2 Understanding

11. Illustrate the role of SIP register. BTL 3 Applying


12. Interpret the header fields in RTP through proper diagram. BTL 3 Applying

13. How will you distinguish RTP & RTC packets? BTL 3 Applying

14. Analyse the causes of packet jitter. BTL 4 Analysing

15. Categorize the difference between end to end delay & packet jitter. BTL 4 Analysing

16. Choose some of the difficulties associated with the inserv model and

per-flow reservation of resources. BTL 4 Analysing

17. Briefly explain the removal of jitter at the receiver for audio. BTL 5 Evaluating

18. What are the 3 approaches that can be used to support Multimedia

applications? BTL 5 Evaluating

19. Discuss how the role of an SIP register is different from that of a

home agent in mobile IP. BTL 6 Creating

20. Elaborate about streaming of Audio/Video. BTL 6 Creating

PART – B

1. i) Explain the interactivity for streaming stored audio/video for real time interactive applications. (8) (ii)Write short notes on (a) Real time streaming protocol (2) (b) Decompression (2) (c) Jitter removal (2) (d) Quantization (2)

Remembering

2. (i) List out RTCP packet types. (4) (ii) Explain the information contained in RTCP packet types.(12)

BTL 1 Remembering

3. Explain intserv model and per-flow reservation of resources. (16)

BTL 1 Remembering

4. (i) How the performance of audio quality can be recovered from

packet loss? (8) (ii) Mention the procedures to be followed for quality

maintenance of Audio. (8)

BTL 1 Remembering

5. Give a detail notes on Multimedia protocols for real time interactive application with an example.

BTL 2 Understanding

6. Summarize the important points on : (i) Leaky bucket (4) (ii) WFQ (4) (iii) SIP (4) (iv) H323 (4)

BTL 2

Understanding

7. Give a brief note on integrated and differential service. (8) Explain the principle and applications od RSVP. (8)

BTL 2 Understanding

8. (i) Explain the various scheduling mechanisms. (8)

(ii) What are the policing mechanisms used in multimedia networking? Summarize. (8)

BTL 3 Applying

9. Apply the knowledge on RTCP concepts to solve the problem. Consider an RTP session consist of 4 users, all of which are sending and receiving RTP packets in to the same Multicast address, each user sends video at 100 kbps. (i) What is the rate of RTCP to limit the traffic? (4) (ii) How much RTCP bandwidth will be allocated for particular

BTL 3

Applying


receiver? (6) (ii) How much RTCP bandwidth will be allocated for a particular sender? (6)

10. (i) What would be pre-emptive priority queuing? (6) (ii) Inspect the pre-emptive priority queuing for computer networks. (10)

BTL 4 Analyzing

11. (i) Compare RTSP and HTTP. (4) (ii) Examine the process of RTSP to maintain the state information about the client (12)

BTL 4 Analyzing

12. (i) Analyse any one of the protocols for real time interactive applications with suitable diagrams. (8)

(ii) Examine the motivation of packet jitters. (8)

BTL 4 Analyzing

13. (i) Criticize on how the jitter can be removed from audio at the

receiver end. (8) (ii) Construct the planning of the inter arrival time jitter in RICP

reception report. (8)

BTL 5 Creating

14. Explain the possibility for CDN to provide worse performance to a host requesting a Multimedia object than if the host has requested

the objects from the distant origin server? (16)

BTL 6 Evaluating

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