AGUST'IN BARRIOS MANGORE'

VALS OP. 8, NO.3For Solo Guitar

Edited by Richard D. Stover

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Biography Of Agustin Barrios MangorE~'

Agustin Pio Barrios (b. May 5, 1885, d. August 7, 1944) was the greatest virtuoso guitarist/composer.of the first half of the present century. Born in the small town of San Juan Bautista de las Misiones inParaguay into a large family which esteemed both music and literature, he began to play the guitar at a veryearly age. He received his primary education in a Jesuit school where he utilized his guitar in the study ofharmony. His first formal instructor, Gustavo Sosa Escalda, introduced young Agustin to the Sor andAguado methods, as well as pieces by Tarrega, Vinas, Areas, and Parga. By the age of 13 he was recognizedas a prodigy and given a scholarship to the Colegio Nacional in Asuncion where, in addition to music, hedistinguished himself in mathematics. journalism and literature. He also studied calligraphy and was atalented graphic artist.

Barrios, a great lover of culture, was quoted as having said, "One cannot become a guitarist if he has notbathed in the fountain of culture." In addition to Spanish he also spoke Guarani. the native tongue ofParaguay. He read French, English and German and was keenly interested in philosophy, poetry and theos-

. ophy. He exercised daily and enjoyed working out on the high bar. He was warm, kind-hearted and spon­taneous. Musically he was a tremendous improviser, and many stories are told of his completely spontaneousimprovisations (many times in concert). His astounding creative facility enabled him to compose over300 works for the guitar!

In his music we find truly inspired creativity combined with a total technical dominion of the guitar'sharmonic capabilities. His knowledge of harmonic science enabled him to compose in several styles: baro·que, classic, romantic and descriptive. He composed preludes, studies, suites, waltzes, mazurkas, tarantellasand romanzas, as well as many onomatopoetic works describing physical objects or historical/culturalthemes. His most famous piece, Diana Guarani, reenacted the War of the Triple Alliance which took placein Paraguay in 1864, complete with cannons, horses, drums, marching, and explosions! He also playeda good deal of popular music, many of his finest compositions based on the song and dance forms foundthroughout Iberoamerica (cueca, choro, estilo, maxixe, milonga, pericon, tango, zamba and zapateado),

In 1932 he began to bill himself as "Nitsuga Mangon! - the Pagannini of the Guitar from the Jungle~

of Paraguay." Nitsuga (Agustin spelled backwards) and Mangon~ (a legendary Guarani chieftain wheresisted the Spanish conquest) were used by Barrios for several years, after which he dropped this pseu·donym to become simply Agustin Barrios MangorC.

In addition to Paraguay, Barrios lived in Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Venezuela, Costa Rica and EISalvador. In these countries, as well as Chile, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Colombia, Cuba, Haiti,Dominican Republic and Trinidad, he concertized continually from 1910 till his death. From 1934·'3fhe was in Europe, playing in Belgium, Germany, Spain and England.

Perhaps over a hundred of his works still survive, either in manuscript or on the many 78 rpm recordlhe made (over 30 records on 4 different labels). In addition to his own works, he played hundreds of othelpieces, including all the standard works in the guitar repertoire up to that time (transcriptions of BachHaydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Albeniz, Granados, as well as works of Sor, Aguado, Giuliani, CosteTarrega, T6rroba and Turina).

One can appreciate in Barrios Mangore a logical expansion of techniques defined by masters such 3l

Sor and Tarrega, carried to an even higher level of expressiveness and technical expertise. The legacy 01his genius is a priceless one for aU lovers of the guitar.

Richard Stovel

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