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VALUES FOR PLANNING prepared by Roberto Rocco SPATIAL PLANNING AND STRATEGY, DELFT UNIVERSIT Y OF TECHNOLOGY Delft University of Technology U URBANISM SPS spatialplanning&strategy
VALUES FOR PLANNING
prepared by Roberto Rocco SPATIAL PLANNING AND STRATEGY, DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Delft University ofTechnology UURBAN
ISM SPS
spatialplanning&strategy
DEMOCRATIC VALUESLET’S EXPLORE
Liberty leading the people,
Eugène Delacroix (1830)
FRANCE, POSTAGE STAMPS FRENCH REVOLUTION COMMEMORATIVES, 1989, LIBERTE, EGALITE FRATERNITE
is not an empty slogan
rooted in a philosophical and scientific revolution
RATIONALITYthe first system of government that was
manifestly based on principles of rationality
(not divine intervention or the ‘right of the blood’)
Light emanates from TRUTH (the central figure), helped by
SCIENCE and PHILOSOPHY on the
right
(this is the cover of l’Encyplopédie)
BY BENOÎT LOUIS PRÉVOST - FROM ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA: ENCYCLOPEDIE FRONTISPICE ; ORIGINAL SOURCE: [1], PUBLIC DOMAIN, HTTPS://COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG/W/INDEX.PHP?CURID=314800
BY NBC TELEVISION - EBAY ITEM FRONT RELEASE, PUBLIC DOMAIN, HTTPS://COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG/W/INDEX.PHP?CURID=30262781
RATIONALITY? AIN’T NOBODY GOT TIME FOR
THAT!
LIBERTYFRATERNITY
EQUALITY
emphasised by the rightemphasised by the leftindividualcommunity
The promotion of justice
NEGATIVE RIGHTSPOSITIVE RIGHTS
EQUALITY
the right to be free from something
(individual)
the right to something (societal)
The promotion of balance
FRATERNITY
These rights are NOT
ABSOLUTE RIGHTS
but are exclusive (albeit complementary)!
LIBERTY
PUBLIC GOODSA PUBLIC GOOD IS A PRODUCT THAT ONE
INDIVIDUAL CAN CONSUME WITHOUT REDUCING ITS AVAILABILITY TO ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL, AND FROM WHICH NO ONE IS
EXCLUDED.
ECONOMISTS REFER TO PUBLIC GOODS
PUBLIC GOODS ECONOMISTS REFER TO PUBLIC GOODS AS
“NON-RIVALROUS" AND “NON-EXCLUDABLE."
NATIONAL DEFENCE, SEWER SYSTEMS, PUBLIC PARKS AND OTHER BASIC SOCIETAL
GOODS CAN ALL BE CONSIDERED PUBLIC GOODS.
SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.URBANCAPTURE.COM/20130819-AERIAL-DOWNTOWN-THE-HAGUE-THE-NETHERLANDS/?DOING_WP_CRON=1486758418.4101200103759765625000
PUBLIC GOODS The city of The Hague in the
Netherlands offers many public goods to its
inhabitants:
clean air
safety
excellent mobility
heathy environments
green spaces
etc.
MY PLOT!
LIBERTY? What liberty can
you have if you are not in society?
Here, I own a plot in the middle of the
desert. I can build whatever I want on it, but what is the
value of this?
DinoVabec NYC to LA
MY PLOT!
SOCIAL FUNCTION OF PROPERTY
LIBERTY? How much
liberty can you have when you live in society?
Here, I can’t build whatever I want, but my plot is close to infrastructure, public space,
other buildings. I can enjoy
public goods!
INDIVIDUALCOMMUNITY
PROMOTION OF BALANCE
the private sectorcivil society
FRATERNITY LIBERTY
EQUALITY
the public sector
PRIVATE SECTORCIVIL SOCIETY
PUBLIC SECTORGOVERNANCE
INFORMAL INSTITUTIONSTHE RULE OF LAW
ENTERPRISES (THE PRIVATE SECTOR)
GOVERNMENT (THE PUBLIC SECTOR)
COMMUNITY (CIVIL SOCIETY)
The rule of law are the formal institutions that regulate the relationships between public sector, private sector and civil society.
Informal institutions are related to culture, values, practices, inherited worldviews, etc that influence the way in which formal institutions
work.
Some informal institutions can be quite negative, such as corruption, nepotism,
patronage. Other are very positive: values of respect, openness, tolerance, etc
So? What is the role of planning, and of planners in
democratic societies?
Crick, B. 2002. Democracy: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Currie, D. 1986. Positive and Negative Constitutional Rights. The University of Chicago Law Review, 53(3), 864-890
Dietz, T., et al. 2003. "The Struggle to Govern the Commons." Science 302(5652): 1907-1912.
Munck, G. and J. Verkuilen 2002. "Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: Evaluating Alternative Indices." Comparative Political Studies 35(1): 5-34.
Stiglitz, J. 2000. Formal and Informal Institutions. Social Capital: A Multifaceted Perspective. P. Dasgupta and I. Serageldin. Washington DC, World Bank: 59-70.
References
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