VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING · 2018-12-10 · 5. a) A Explain different mechanisms of...

Hall Ticket No: Question Paper Code: A3521

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)

B. Tech VI Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, May - 2018 (Regulations: VCE-R15)

WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMPUTING

(Computer Science and Engineering)

Date: 10 May, 2018 FN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75

Answer ONE question from each Unit All Questions Carry Equal Marks

Unit – I

1. a) What characteristics do different orbit have? What are their pros and cons? 9M

b) Why is the PHY layer in IEEE 802.11 subdivided? What about in HIPERLAN2.

6M

2. a) Considered as an interworking unit in a communication network, what function can a

satellite have?

6M

b) Explain the features of 802.11b.

9M

Unit – II

3. a) Briefly discuss near/far effect problem of wireless networks. 7M b) Illustrate different steps in Subscriber authentication in GSM security service.

8M

4. a) Illustrate the four possible handover scenarios in GSM. 8M b) Give the comparison among transparent and non-transparent bearer services in GSM.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Illustrate the process of IP packet delivery to and from the mobile node. 7M b) What is Snooping TCP? List the advantages and disadvantages of Snooping TCP.

8M

6. a) Explain different fields of an IP-in-IP encapsulation when a packet is inside a tunnel. 7M b) Illustrate the steps in initializing a DHCP client by considering one client and two servers.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Compare Li-Fi with Wi-Fi. 7M b) Explain WTP Class 2 transaction of WTP.

8M

8. a) Explore the architecture of Li-Fi. 7M b) Explain about Wireless Datagram Protocol.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the classification of data delivery mechanisms. 8M b) Illustrate four possible states of a data record i at any instant in the server database and

its copy at the cache of the mobile device j.

7M

10. a) Explain the reason for communication asymmetry in mobile network. Give examples for asymmetric communication architecture for data dissemination.

8M

b) Briefly discuss different metrics that affect the quality of service of a mobile network. 7M



B. Tech VI Semester Regular Examinations, May - 2018 (Regulations: VCE-R15)

INFORMATION SECURITY

(Common to Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology)



Unit – I

1. a) Account on the following: i. Different techniques used in steganography ii. Essential ingredients of symmetric cipher

10M

b) Analyze the various types of cryptanalytic attacks based on the amount of information known to the cryptanalyst.

5M

2. a) Consider an automated teller machine (ATM) in which users provide a personal identification number (PIN) and a card for account access. Give examples of confidentiality, integrity and availability requirements associated with the system.

6M

b) Show your calculations and the result to encrypt the message “SHORT EXAMPLE” using the Hill Cipher with the key

7 8

11 11

[Note: Alphabet A should start at 0].

9M

Unit – II

3. a) Show that the inverse of 5 modulo 101 is 599. 7M b) Explain AES structure with a neat diagram.

8M

4. a) What is triple encryption? How many keys are used in triple encryption? 5M b) Find the two smallest positive integer solutions to the following system of

equivalences: i. x ≡ 2 (mod 5) ii. x ≡ 5 (mod 8) iii. x ≡ 4 (mod 37)

10M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain Diffie-Hellman key Exchange with an example. 8M b) Explain the working of HMAC algorithm with neat diagram.

7M

6. a) Explain Message Authentication Code for authentication tied to plaintext and authentication tied to ciphertext with a neat diagram.

8M

b) In a public-key system using RSA, you intercept the ciphertext C=10 sent to a user whose public key is e=5, n=35. What is the plaintext M? Write the corresponding pseudocode.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Give examples of applications of IPSec. What services are provided by IPSec? 7M b) Discuss briefly about the X.509 certificate format.

8M

8. a) Why is R64 conversion useful for an e-mail application? Explain in detail. 7M b) What four requirements were defined for Kerberos?

8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – V

9. a) With the help of the timing diagram explain the various messages exchanged between client and server in handshake protocol.

9M

b) What is the difference between an SSL connection and an SSL session?

6M

10. a) Explain the role of trusted systems in enforcing security. 8M b) What is the difference between a packet-filtering router and a stateful inspection

firewall? 7M




DATAWAREHOUSING AND DATA MINING




Unit – I

1. a) Define attribute and discuss the types of an attribute which is determined by the set of possible values by proving suitable examples.

7M

b) Discuss issues to consider during data integration.

8M

2. a) Discuss the Data Transformation Strategies used to transform or consolidate data into forms appropriate for mining.

7M

b) What is Data Mining? Describe the steps involved in data mining when viewed as a process of knowledge discovery.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Briefly compare the following concepts. You may use an example to explain your point(s): i. Data cleaning, data transformation, refresh ii. Enterprise warehouse, data mart, virtual warehouse

8M

b) Write the star schema for IPL cricket taking into account the spectator, location, game, date for the centralized sales table. Starting with the base cuboid [date, spectator, location, game] what specific OLAP operations should one perform in order to get the total charges paid by spectators of Black Dog Pavilion at Chinnaswamy Stadium in 2018?

7M

4. a) What are the optimization techniques for the efficient computation of data cubes? Explain any one.

6M

b) Suppose that a base cuboid has three dimensions A; B; C, with the following number of cells: |A| = 1000000, |B| = 100, and |C| = 1000. Suppose that each dimension is evenly partitioned into 10 portions for chunking: i. Assuming each dimension has only one level, draw the complete lattice of the cube ii. If each cube cell stores one measure with 4 bytes, what is the total size of the

computed cube if the cube is dense iii. State the order for computing the chunks in the cube that requires the least amount

of space, and compute the total amount of main memory space required for computing the 2-D planes

9M

Unit – III

5. a) A database of transactions in a book mart is as follows: Let min-sup = 25%:

Trans_ID Items

101 Book, Pen, Eraser

102 Pen, Pencil

103 Notebook, Book, Pen, Eraser

104 Book, Pen

105 Book, Notebook, Eraser

Using the abbreviations B for Book, P for Pen, E for Eraser, PN for Pencil and N for Notebook, find all frequent itemsets using Apriori algorithm. Construct FP Tree, conditional pattern base and conditional FP Tree.

9M

b) A database has six transactions of purchase of books from a bookshop as given: t1 = ANN, CC, TC,CG , t2 = CC, D ,CG t3 = ANN, D, CC, TC, t4 = ANN, CC, D,CG , t5 = ANN, CC, D, TC,CG, t6 = CC, D ,TC Let X= CC, TC and Y= ANN,TC,CC Find the confidence and support of the association rule X -> Y and inverse rule Y-> X.

6M

Cont…2

::2::

6. a) What is Market Basket Analysis? Explain by means of an example. 5M b) A database has five transactions. Let min_sup = 60 % and min_conf= 80%:

TID Items bought

T100 M O, N,K,E,Y

T200 D ,O,N,K,E,Y

T300 M ,A,K,E

T400 M, U,C,K,Y

T500 C ,O,O,K,I,E

Find all frequent itemsets (individual alphabets) using Apriori and FP growth, respectively. Compare the efficiency of the two mining processes.

10M

Unit – IV

7. a) What is Classification and Prediction? Mention the criteria for comparing the Classification and prediction methods.

5M

b) List the factors which are contributing toward the usefulness of neural networks for classification and prediction in data mining. Discuss the working of back propagation.

10M

8. a) Explain the steps involved in decision tree classification with a suitable example. 10M b) Explain how lazy learners are useful in classification. Also list their limitations.

5M

Unit – V

9. a) How might you determine outliers in the data? 5M b) Both k-means and k-medoids algorithms can perform effective clustering. Illustrate the

strength and weakness of k-means in comparison with the k-medoids algorithm. Also, illustrate the strength and weakness of these schemes in comparison with a hierarchical clustering scheme.

10M

10. a) Describe each of the following clustering algorithms in terms of the following criteria: Shapes of clusters that can be determined Input parameters that must be specified Limitations i. K-means ii. K-medoids iii. CLARA

6M

b) We have 8 points namely P1(2, 2), P2(1, 14), P3(10, 7), P4(1, 11), P5(3, 4), P6(11, 8), P7(4, 3), P8(12, 9) forming 3 clusters. To start with you may take P1, P2, and P7 as initial centroids. Then apply K-Means clustering algorithm to calculate: i. The centroid after one iteration ii. The centroid after two iterations(the distance computation may be either Euclidean

or Manhattan)

9M




SOLAR, ENERGY AND APPLICATIONS




Unit – I

1. a) Write about how solar power could be the Clean Energy Advantage. 8M b) Define solar radiation and electromagnetic spectrum. Explain how a solar cell works.

7M

2. a) Write about the different components of solar radiation on tilted surface and write short notes on Beam and Diffuse radiation.

8M

b) Write comprehensive notes on Solar Radiation Data.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Give the comparison among concentrating and non-concentrating type solar collectors. 8M b) What is a solar pond? Briefly discuss the advantages and disadvantages of solar pond.

7M

4. a) Briefly discuss different methods of sun tracking. 8M b) Explain different types of solar energy storage systems.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) A Explain different mechanisms of recombination loss. 7M b) Briefly explain the functionalities of Solar Cell I-V Characteristic Curve.

8M

6. a) Illustrate the working of three step model in the process of Photoemission. 8M b) What are Photovoltaic cells? Explain different types of Photovoltaic cells.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) What is a solar inverter and write about their classification. 8M b) What are the objectives of system sizing and principles of sizing?

7M

8. a) Write critical notes on Grid Connection. 8M b) Write comprehensive notes on modular structure of interconnected solar cells.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Briefly discuss different Operating Characteristics of wind mills. 8M b) Briefly discuss different Factors Affecting Wind Turbine Performance.

7M

10. a) Explain different factors to govern the performance of turbines. 7M b) What are the different factors considered during calculation of solar panel payback

period? Explain. 8M

http://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Photovoltaic_cell

http://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Photovoltaic_cell




DISASTER MANAGEMENT

(Common to Computer Science and Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering & Mechanical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) What is an Hazard? Explain different parameters that govern the level of harm caused by an Hazard event.

8M

b) Justify the statement “Human activities can cause or aggravate the destructive effects of natural phenomena, they can also eliminate or reduce them”.

7M

2. a) What are the common features of the environmental hazards? 7M

b) Explain the classification of hazards based on the extent to which are natural.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Give the comparison among Endogenous and exogenous Hazards. 8M b) Explain different principles of disaster management.

7M

4. a) Explain the major forms of pollution along with the particular contaminant relevant to each of them.

7M

b) Briefly explain different phases in disaster management.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) What is Seismometer? Explain different levels of seismic zones of india based on the observations of the affected area due to Earthquakes.

7M

b) Explain four main factors that contribute to a landslide.

8M

6. a) Explain different types of volcanic eruptions and their associated activity. 8M b) What are the evidences of upcoming Earthquake?

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Write critical notes on causes of tropical cyclone. 8M b) Elaborate on chemical accidents and chemical hazards.

7M

8. a) Describe how the following physical factors influence soil erosion: i. Vegetation ii. Slope length

8M

b) What are draughts? Write concisely about the causes and effects of draughts.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Bringout the meaning of the following: i. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation ii. Disaster Preparedness

8M

b) Enumerate the relationship between Disaster, Environment, Development

7M

10. a) Write concisely about the effective emergency management including roles and responsibilities of central and state governments.

8M

b) Explain about the training that employers should provide before an emergency plan is implemented.

7M




DISTRIBUTED DATABASES




Unit – I

1. a) With a neat diagram, discuss the detailed components of a distributed DBMS. 7M b) What is a fragment of a relation? Explain with an example Hybrid Fragmentation.

8M

2. a) Discuss an allocation model that attempts to minimize the total cost of processing and storage.

7M

b) With a neat diagram, explain framework for top-down design process and show relationship between each component.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Discuss Generic Layering Scheme for Distributed Query Processing. 7M b) With the example of an operator tree explain Query Decomposition with six most useful

equivalence rules, which concern the basic relational algebra operators.

8M

4. a) With an appropriate example explain the reduction for Primary Horizontal Fragmentation based on selection predicates and joins.

7M

b) Discuss four characteristics hold for both centralized and distributed query processors.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) What is Query optimization? Explain the different stages of query optimization with respect to an minimizes an objective cost function.

7M

b) Discuss Timestamp-Based Concurrency Control Algorithms with two properties.

8M

6. a) What are the advantages and drawback of Dynamic and static query optimization? 7M b) Explain deadlock management approach with a suitable example.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) List the different parallel system architectures and explain any two in detail. 8M b) Explain hierarchical architecture in detail with a neat diagrammatic representation.

7M

8. a) What is load balancing? What are the different parallelisms where load balancing problems occur? Explain the techniques for solving the same.

8M

b) Explain distributed database server organization with a neat diagrammatic representation.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the different approaches on which the class partitioning algorithms are based on.

7M

b) Define the following with respect to DDBMS: i. Class ii. Composite Object iii. Complex Object iv. Collection

8M

10. a) List the different kinds of partitioning available for distributed object DBMS and explain any one.

7M

b) Explain data allocation problem for object databases. 8M




ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEURAL NETWORKS (Computer Science and Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) State the physical symbol system hypothesis. Explain symbol grounding problem with the Chinese room analogy.

7M

b) Given an example of a problem for which breadth-first search would work better than depth-first search.

8M

2. a) Explain A* Search technique. 8M b) Explain the main steps of hill climbing search algorithm.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain min-max search procedure with an example. 8M b) Illustrate the mapping between facts and representation by considering an English

sentence Spot is a dog and fact that all dogs have tails (show deductive mechanism and backward mapping).

7M

4. a) Explain the concept of inheritable knowledge in knowledge representation by taking an example.

8M

b) Briefly explain different sources responsible for gaining efficiency in RETE many-many match algorithm.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) What is perceptron? Explain the perceptron networks and single perceptron model by taking an example.

7M

b) Illustrate simplest feedforward network with two layer network having M input units and N output units.

8M

6. a) What is ADALINE network? Explain different elements of ADALINE network architecture. 8M b) Briefly discuss the Pattern Recognition Problem in artificial neural networks.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Write Hopfield algorithm. 7M b) What is the objective of Boltzmann machine and explain the architecture of Boltzmann

machine.

8M

8. a) Explain the architecture of Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM). 8M b) What is Feed-Forward Neural Networks? Briefly discuss Input, Output, hidden node and

layers of Feed-Forward Neural Networks.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Describe the components of a planning system. 8M b) With a neat diagram explain the expert system architecture.

7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

10. a) Devise a plan for a robot to clean a kitchen. Consider the following: i. Cleaning the stove or the refrigerator causes the floor to get dirty ii. To clean the oven, it is necessary to lock the oven shut and then set the dial to

"clean" iii. Cleaning the refrigerator creates garbage and messes up the counters iv. Washing the counters or the floor gets the sink dirty v. Before the floor can be washed, it must be swept vi. Before the floor can be swept, the garbage must be taken out Using set of STRIPS-style operator, state the initial state and goal state.

10M

b) Mention some of the applications of an expert system. 5M




IMAGE PROCESSING




Unit – I

1. a) Give the condition(s) under which the distance between two points p and q is equal to the shortest 4-path between these points. Is this path unique?

7M

b) Consider the two image subsets, S1 and S2, shown in the following figure. For V = 1, determine whether these two subsets are: i. 4-adjacent ii. 8-adjacent iii. m-adjacent.

1 2S S

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1

1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0

0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1

8M

2. a) Discuss Euclidean distance, city-block distance and chess board distance. 7M b) Let V = 0, 1 and compute the lengths of the shortest 4-, 8-, and m-path between p and

q. If a particular path does not exist between these points, explain why. 3 1 2 1 (q) 2 2 0 2 1 2 1 1 (p) 1 0 1 2

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain why it is common to work with the transform of an image instead of the image itself.

8M

b) Describe briefly Welsh‐Hadamard Transform along with its properties.

7M

4. a) Bring out the significance of Discrete Cosine Transform. List any four properties of Discrete Cosine Transform.

7M

b) Bring out the significance of Discrete Fourier Transform. List any five properties of Discrete Fourier Transform.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) The histogram of the whole image value r ranging from 0 to 7 is given by

r 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

h 2 4 5 2 3 3 3 3

Use histogram equalization and arrive at the mapping of old r to new r and plot the corresponding new values of r.

9M

b) How do you distinguish neighborhood operations from point operations? Explain how you will be able to smoothen an image in spatial domain using 3 X 3 Kernel?

6M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

6. a) Compute the mean value and median value of the pixels of underlined numbers using 3 X 3 mask.

18 22 33 25 32 24

34 128 24 172 26 23

22 19 32 31 28 26

6M

b) Consider the following 4x4 matrix of a 3-bit image, find histogram matching of this image using the following desired histogram.

2 3 3 2

4 2 4 3

3 2 3 5

2 4 2 4

9M

Unit – IV

7. a) Distinguish between spatial domain and frequency domain enhancement Techniques in image processing.

8M

b) Illustrate the implementation of Laplacian in the Frequency Domain.

7M

8. a) Explain different frequency domain methods for image enhancement. 8M b) What is Low Pass Filter (LPF) in frequency domain? Briefly discuss the perspective plot of

an ideal lowpass filter transfer function.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain different techniques used for pseudocolor image processing. 8M b) What is image Segmentation? Briefly discuss the basic properties of segmentation

algorithms based on the intensity values. 7M

10. a) Consider the image segment.

Based on the histogram, segment the image into two regions.

128 128 128 64 64 32 32 8

64 64 128 128 128 8 32 32

32 8 64 128 128 64 64 64

8 128 128 64 64 8 64 64

128 64 64 64 128 128 8 8

64 64 64 128 128 128 32 32

8 128 32 64 64 128 128 128

8 8 64 64 128 128 64 64

8M

b) What is line detection? Explain different masks for line detection. 7M




HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION (Computer Science and Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Define user interface. What are the benefits of good design? 7M b) What are the characteristics of direct manipulation? Give reasons why direct

manipulation of all screen objects and actions are not feasible.

8M

2. a) What are the reasons for the popularity of the web? 6M b) Bring out the difference between printed pages and web pages.

9M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain important Human Characteristics in Design. 8M b) Briefly explain different steps in developing Metaphors.

7M

4. a) Explain different direct and indirect methods used for determining requirements in business functionality.

8M

b) What is perception? Explain Perceptual characteristics in designing a system.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain the design goals while designing a screen. 7M b) Briefly discuss possible sequencing of screen Data and Content.

8M

6. a) Explain different qualities of visually pleasing composition. 8M b) Briefly discuss technological consideration -interface design.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) List few web site navigation aids and Explain them in detail. 7M b) What are the usage of text boxes and radio buttons?

8M

8. a) Explain the different message types in detail. 7M b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of overlapping windows?

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Briefly discuss the features of Interface-Building Tools. 8M b) What is lightpen? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of joystick.

7M

10. a) Explain the characteristics of Keyboard Equivalents and Accelerators. 8M b) Explain different characteristics and capabilities of the various screen-based controls. 7M




SEMANTIC WEB AND SOCIAL NETWORKS (Computer Science and Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) What is the difference between machine intelligence and artificial intelligence? 8M b) What are software agents? Discuss any four attributes of a software agent.

7M

2. a) What is an inference engine? Explain. 8M b) How do intelligent devices improve productivity?

7M

Unit – II

3. a) What is Resource Description Framework (RDF)? Define subject, predicate, and object in terms of resources, properties, and value. Using the same represent the following RDF Statement as the triple and as the graph: “The book has the title G¨odel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid.”

8M

b) Differentiate between RDF/OWL and UML features.

7M

4. a) Discuss the Basic elements of OWL Language with suitable examples. 8M b) Write an OWL class “Laptop” which is a sub class of “Personal Computer”.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) What is Ontology? Give its taxonomy and the set of inference rules. Also list the categories of Ontology Applications.

8M

b) Describe the elements of a simple RDF inference engine with a suitable example.

7M

6. a) Describe Ontology Mapping and Mapping Tools for distributed and heterogeneous ontologies.

8M

b) What is descriptive logic? Describe the terms used in descriptive logic.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) What are Semantic Web Applications? Discuss its application in e-learning to achieve interoperability.

8M

b) Discuss different approaches for improving the search results through semantic methods.

7M

8. a) Explain the role of Web search agent and discuss the four main phases involved in designing the web search agent.

8M

b) Explain how streaming is used for culling the extraneous words from a document during the process of Latent semantic index search.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Discuss how Sesame is used for storing and querying the RDF data to a Sesame repository using the web interface.

8M

b) What are blogs used for and explain the features of blogs that have been used in various studies to establish the networks of bloggers.

7M

10. a) Discuss how Elmo API is used for collecting and aggregating RDF data from distributed, heterogeneous information sources.

8M

b) What is Social Network Analysis (SNA)? Discuss the Development of SNA. 7M




OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

(Information Technology)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the benefits of UML in Software Development Life Cycle. 8M b) What do you mean by Structural Relationship and how to model it? Explain with

suitable example.

7M

2. a) Explain the Five different types of Views of a System’s Architecture. 7M b) Define the following terms with example:

i. Multiplicity ii. Association End Names iii. Qualified Associations iv. Generalization

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Assume that you are modeling a Content Management Software. Draw UML class diagram for same. Identify the required classes with attributes, operations and multiplicity constraints.

7M

b) What is the application of Interaction Diagram? Explain the different elements of Sequence Diagram with example.

8M

4. a) Consider the following information description of the Hospital Information System. "The system is a hospital information system. A hospital has doctors and patients. Each patient is assigned to one doctor, but a doctor can have any number of patients. Patients check in to the hospital and assigned a doctor if they don't already have one. While in the hospital, doctors record various observations about each patient at various times. Examples of observations are blood pressure and temperature. The hospital keeps track of all the observations for a given patient until they check out of the hospital." Draw a class diagram for the same.

7M

b) Draw a UML Sequence diagram that shows the order of steps involved in the process of purchasing a new book to library. Assume that Librarian and Purchase Manager are part of Library Information System, which manages all books that are being purchased.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) What is state diagram? Draw the state diagram for ATM system. 9M b) What is an activity diagram? What are its uses? Explain with suitable example.

6M

6. a) Explain signal and call events with suitable examples. 8M b) Draw Use case diagram for Library System with use case description.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) How to model API? Explain with suitable example. 7M b) What is component? Explain the three different kinds of components.

8M

8. a) What is Deployment Diagram? How to model Processors and Devices? Explain with suitable example.

8M

b) What is the relation between components and Interfaces? Explain in detail.

7M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – V

9. a) What is a subsystem? What is the primary relationship among systems and subsystems? Can generalization be used between systems and subsystems?

5M

b) Unified Library Application System emphasizes on the online reservation, issue and return of books. This system globalizes the present library system. Using this application the member can reserve any book from anywhere in the world. Draw a activity diagram for this system.

10M

10. a) What is a system? How is it rendered in UML? Enumerate the steps to model the architecture of system.

10M

b) Draw a collaboration diagram for Library System.

5M




ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT

(Common to Information Technology & Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) What is the Role of an Entrepreneur in Economic Development? 7M b) For an entrepreneur succeed, he/she should possess a few essential qualities. Briefly

present those qualities.

8M

2. a) Briefly write about sociological theories of entrepreneurship. 7M b) Decision making is one principal category of an entrepreneur. Discuss about decision

making and also mention other categories as functions of an entrepreneur.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain briefly about the role of government in providing institutional support to entrepreneurs in development of economy of the country.

8M

b) What is the role of Industrial development bank of India in development of entrepreneurship in the country?

7M

4. a) Define T-Hub. Discuss T-Hub importance for the development of Entrepreneurs. 8M b) What are the objectives of SIDO? Discuss the services offered by SIDO.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain the Role and Importance of Women Entrepreneurship. 8M b) List and explain the problems of Women Entrepreneurs.

7M

6. a) Discuss the Functions of Women Entrepreneurs. 8M b) Discuss the women Entrepreneurship Development in India.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) What is concept of Project Management? Write about Project Lyfe-cycle and Stages of project of management.

7M

b) Write an overview Project Implementation.

8M

8. a) Write critical notes on Project Finance. 7M b) Discuss elaborately about the areas of Project Feasibility.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) What are the objectives of entrepreneurial education and training programs? 7M b) Write short notes on the following effective steps to create successful training and

development programs: i. Assess Organisational Training and Development Needs ii. Define Training Objective

8M

10. a) Summarize the methods used in a typical entrepreneurship training. 7M b) Write comprehensive notes on Pradhan Mantri Kusal Vikas Yojana (KMKVY). 8M




DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEMS (Information Technology)



Unit – I

1. a) What are the advantages of distributed systems over independent PCs? What are its disadvantages?

7M

b) Differentiate between loosely coupled systems and tightly coupled systems.

8M

2. a) Briefly explain the various combinations of hardware and software in a computer system. 9M b) What is transparency in a distributed system? What are the various aspects of

transparency.

6M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the blocking vs Nnonblocking and Reliable vs Unreliable communication primitives used in a client-server model.

8M

b) Explain the ATM reference model with a neat diagram.

7M

4. a) What is RPC? Explain the basic RPC operation with a neat diagram. 7M b) Discuss the following design issues of group communication:

i. Closed groups vs open groups ii. Group Membership iii. Group Addressing

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Discuss centralized vs distributed vs token ring algorithm with respect sharing of resources.

10M

b) Discuss the properties of transactions.

5M

6. a) Mention the steps to follow in designing the system to prevent Deadlock so that deadlocks are structurally impossible.

7M

b) Explain: i. Distributed algorithm for achieving mutual exclusion ii. The Bully algorithm

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) What are the various design issues for processor allocation algorithms? 8M b) Explain how fault tolerance can be achieved using active replication and redundancy?

7M

8. a) Write a note on File service interface and discuss the semantics of file sharing in a distributed file system.

9M

b) With a neat diagram, explain the implementation of Sun’s Network File System.

6M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the write-through cache consistency protocol. 7M b) Discuss how to implement Linda efficiently.

8M

10. a) Explain the object based distributed shared memory in detail. 8M b) Write a note on PRAM consistency model. 7M




EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

(Electronics and Communication Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain characteristics of Embedded computing applications and also discuss why microprocessors are efficient to design the digital systems.

7M

b) Explain architecture design process in designing hardware and software components of embedded system taking the example of GPS Moving Map.

8M

2. a) Explain embedded design process in detail. 7M b) Draw the architecture of a digital still camera and explain the process of capturing image

with the help of sequence diagram.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) With a neat diagram explain task states and task switching in RTOS. 7M b) Define semaphore. Explain any three methods of protecting shared data.

8M

4. a) Explain reentrant function with an example. 7M b) With concept explain the following:

i. Message queues ii. Mailboxes iii. Pipes iv. Events

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Draw ARM core dataflow model and explain the function of each block. 7M b) Explain the working of Interrupts and vector table of ARM.

8M

6. a) Draw the diagram of ARM generic program status register and explain condition flags. 7M b) Discuss the different processor modes of ARM. How the processor mode can be

changed? Explain banked register concept.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Discuss the operation of Barrel Shifter in ARM taking an example. Explain different shift operations that can be performed within barrel shifter and illustrate logical shift left.

8M

b) List and explain single register load and store instructions.

7M

8. a) Explain the Stack operation in ARM architecture. Discuss the instructions used for stack operations in ARM architecture with examples.

8M

b) Explain the following instructions of Thumb instruction set with examples: i. BLX ii. MVN iii. BIC iv. EOR v. STR

7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – V

9. a) Write a short note on pointers and structures with respect to ARM: 7M b) Describe translation look aside buffer with neat diagram.

8M

10. a) Discuss different methods of implementing loops in assembly language programming. 9M b) What is Flushing and cleaning of Cache memory? Explain D – cache cleaning. 6M




COMPUTER NETWORKS (Electronics and Communication Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain guided and unguided media in detail. 8M b) With a neat diagram, explain the OSI reference model.

7M

2. a) What are the five layers in the Internet Protocol Stack? What are the principal responsibilities of each of these layers?

10M

b) A factor in the delay of a store-and-forward packet-switching system is how long it takes to store and forward a packet through a switch. If switching time is 10μsec, is this likely to be a major factor in the response of a client-server system where the client is in New York and the server is in California? Assume the propagation speed in copper and fiber to be 2/3 the speed of light in vacuum.

5M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain Sliding Window Protocol in detail.

8M

b) PPP is based closely on HDLC, which uses bit stuffing to prevent accidental flag bytes within the payload from causing confusion. Give at least one reason why PPP uses byte stuffing instead.

7M

4. a) Explain slotted ALOHA protocol in detail. 8M b) Store-and-forward switches have an advantage over cut-through switches with respect

to damaged frames. Explain what it is?

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain IPv4 datagram format with diagram in detail. 10M b) A router is blasting out IP packets whose total length (data plus header) is 1024 bytes.

Assuming that packets live for 10sec, what is the maximum line speed the router can operate at without danger of cycling through the IP datagram ID number space?

5M

6. a) What do you mean by congestion control? Explain the various approached of congestion control.

9M

b) Describe a way to reassemble IP fragments at the destination.

6M

Unit – IV

7. a) Imagine that a two-way handshake rather than a three-way handshake were used to set up connections. In other words, the third message was not required. Are deadlocks now possible? Give an example or show that none exist.

7M

b) Explain the following terms: i. Nagle's algorithm ii. Silly Window Syndrome

8M

8. a) Explain TCP connection release process. 7M b) Explain the concept of upward multiplexing and downward multiplexing. 8M

Unit – V

9. a) What is MIME header? Explain MIME header contents and its uses. 7M b) Does Webmail use POP3, IMAP, or neither? If one of these, why was that one chosen? If

neither, which one is it closer to in spirit?

8M

10. a) Explain the DNS resource record type in detail. 8M b) Write a short note on electronic mail. 7M




CMOS VLSI DESIGN




Unit – I

1. a) What is threshold voltage in MOSFETs? Explain with equation. 5M b) With relevant equations, explain the DC characteristics of CMOS inverter?

10M

2. a) Explain Wafer processing and Oxidation in CMOS technology. 8M b) Briefly explain the physical origin of Latch up in CMOS circuits.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Define and explain symmetrical inverter with voltage transfer characteristics. 7M b) Illustrate with relevant equations the power dissipation in CMOS inverter.

8M

4. a) Explain the following: i. Noise Margin ii. Sizing of a transistor

6M

b) Draw the layout of symmetric inverter and with '

2140n

Ak

V

, 0.7TnV V , '

260 ,p

Ak

V

0.7TpV V , 3DDV V . Calculate MV

i. When n p

ii. When n p

W W

L L

9M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain the CMOS SRAM cell with the help of neat diagram. 10M

b) Draw the CMOS schematic and layout of the 'f A B C DE

5M

6. a) Derive the gate mid-point voltage equation MV for NOR2 CMOS gate. 7M

b) Describe the operation of CMOS Schmitt trigger circuit with neat waveform response and voltage transfer characteristics.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain the Transmission gate full adder along with relevant circuits. 7M b) Implement 2:1 multiplexer & 4:1 multiplexer using transmission gate (TG).

8M

8. a) Illustrate Logic-0 transfer in transmission gate (TG) using electrical analysis. 7M b) Describe the operation of Transmission Gate (TG) based Flip-Flop.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the concept of junction reverse leakage current in MOSFETs. 7M b) Discuss the factors on which sub threshold leakage current depends upon along with

relevant equations.

8M

10. a) Explain in detail the Dynamic RAM cell. 10M b) Explain with an example the clocked CMOS circuit.

5M




JAVA PROGRAMMING (Common to Electronics and Communication Engineering &

Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Date: 21 May, 2018 FN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


Unit – I

1. a) Java Is a Strongly Typed Language – Justify with suitable example. 5M b) Write a Java class Student to meet the following specification. The class should be able

to support a 5 digit student ID, student name, marks for 3 subjects. You should have methods to set and get each of the attributes, and calculate the average for the student. Write a tester program to test your class. You should create 2 or 3 students and write code to test the class.

10M

2. a) Bring out the significance of the keyword final in Java. 7M b) In Java, is it possible to create a member that can be used by itself, without reference

to a specific instance? If yes, explain with a suitable example. If no, explain Why?

8M

Unit – II

3. a) With a suitable code snippet explain how dynamic method dispatch mechanism is supported by Java.

10M

b) How are packages created in Java? Illustrate with suitable example(s). 5M 4. a) Illustrate with a suitable example how interfaces can be implemented in Java. 8M b) i. Consider the following program:

class Horse public void Print() System.out.println("Horse"); class RaceHorse extends Horse public void Print() System.out.println("RaceHorse");

class Test public static void DoPrint( Horse h ) h.Print();

public static void main(String[] args) Horse x = new Horse(); Horse y = new RaceHorse(); Racehorse z = new RaceHorse(); DoPrint(x); DoPrint(y); DoPrint(z); What is printed when this program is executed?

Cont…2

7M

:: 2 ::

ii. Consider the following program:

interface Employee public void RaiseSalary();

interface Musician public void Play();

class Test implements Employee, Musician public void RaiseSalary() System.out.println("raising");

public void Play() System.out.println("playing");

public static void main(String[] args) Test x = new Test(); x.RaiseSalary(); x.Play(); State which of the following statements are holds good or does not hold good with respect to above code snippet: I. An attempt to compile this program fails because class Test tries to implement two

interfaces at once. II. An attempt to compile this program fails because class Test only implements

interfaces, it does not extend any class III. An attempt to compile this program fails because the definitions of the two

interfaces and the class are all in the same file. IV. It is optional for class Test to implement the methods RaiseSalary and Play

Unit – III

5. a) How are uncaught exceptions handled in Java? Illustrate with a suitable example. 8M b) Describe the use of synchronized keyword.

7M

6. a) Describe the approaches for creating threads in Java. 8M b) Consider the following function:

static void f(int k, int[] A, String S) int j = 1 / k; int len = A.length + 1; char c;

try c = S.charAt(0); if (k == 10) j = A[3]; catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ex) System.out.println("array error"); throw new InternalError(); catch (ArithmeticException ex) System.out.println("arithmetic error"); catch (NullPointerException ex) System.out.println("null ptr"); finally System.out.println("in finally clause"); System.out.println("after try block");

Cont…3

7M

:: 3 ::

i. Part A: Assume that variable X is an array of int that has been initialized to be of length 3. For each of the following calls to function f, say what (if anything) is printed by f, and what, if any, uncaught exceptions are thrown by f. I. f(0, X, "hi"); II. f(10, X, ""); III. f(10, X, "bye"); IV. f(10, X, null);

ii. Part B: Why doesn't ‘ f ’ need to have a throws clause that lists the uncaught exceptions that it might throw?

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain the delegation event model and the role of source and listeners with examples. 8M b) What is an adapter class? Illustrate it with a suitable example.

7M

8. a) Demonstrate how Keyboard events are handled with an example. 7M b) Write a temperature conversion program that converts the temperature given in

Fahrenheit to Celsius. The Fahrenheit temperature should be entered from the keyboard (via JTexfield). A JLabel should be used to display the converted temperature.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Demonstrate with a Java program to reading and writing files. 8M b) Outline the syntax for a fuller form of the APPLET tag.

7M

10. a) Describe how an applet works. State the purpose of the following methods: init(), start(), paint(), stop() and destroy(). In which order these methods are executed?

7M

b) ArrayList class supports dynamic arrays that can grow as needed in java. Illustrate with example.

8M




DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN (Electronics and Communication Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Write the five possible representations of combinational logic functions and explain. 7M b) Compare static hazards with dynamic hazards by taking suitable example.

8M

2. a) Derive and Design the alarm circuit from the logic expressions and write its sum of product version.

8M

b) Design and evaluate the distinguished 1-cell, Prime implicant and essential prime implicant for the following:

i. a,b,cF 0,1,2,4,6

ii. a,b,c,dF 1,2,3,5,7,9,11,13,14,15

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Describe the three state devices with examples. 8M b) Develop the VHDL code for 4 to 1 line multiplexer using dataflow modeling.

7M

4. a) Discuss the timing concepts with analysis tool for combinational circuits. 7M b) Compare PLA with PAL. Realize the following functions using 4×5×3 PLA.

i. F1 m 2,3,5,7,8,9,10,11,13,15

ii. F2 m 2,3,5,6,7,10,11,14,15

iii. F3 m 6,7,8,9,13,14,15

8M

Unit – III

5. a) What is bistable element? Give the digital analysis and analog analysis for the same. 7M b) Give the clocked synchronous state machine structure for moore machine and melay

machine.

8M

6. a) What are the different steps involved in designing a clocked synchronous state machine?

8M

b) What is scan flipflop? Explain the master slave SR flipflop.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Discuss the race free state assignments with examples. 7M b) Describe the state machine synthesis using transition list.

8M

8. a) Define and explain the following: i. PLD ii. FPGA iii. SM chart

7M

b) Differentiate Mealy and Moore Sequential networks. Design Mealy sequential network for the following sequence, output is high for non zero present state when input x=0 using edge triggered JKFF. 0 12 for x=0, 0 21 for x=1.

8M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – V

9. a) Explain fault diagnosis of a combinational circuit by conventional method. 8M b) Evaluate the test patterns of given circuit to detect s-a-0 at x4.

Fig.1

2 3 1 1 4Z x x x x x

7M

10. a) Illustrate single, multiple and bridging logical fault model with by taking suitable example.

7M

b) Explain the following with respect test pattern generation: i. Random testing ii. Transition count testing

8M




DATA COMMUNICATIONS (Electronics and Communication Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Give the comparison among serial and parallel digital data transmission methos. 7M b) Briefly discuss different types of noise in data communication signals and calculate SNR

and SNR dB of a circuit with a signal power of 10W and a thermal noise power of 0.01W.

8M

2. a) Define the term data communication and explain different modes of transmission for data communications circuits.

7M

b) Briefly discuss Hartley’s law and Shannon limit of information capacity.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) What are transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waves and explain the characteristics of Electromagnetic waves.

8M

b) Explain different components of a basic coaxial cable with the help of diagram.

7M

4. a) Explain different categories of standard grades of UTP cable defined by EIA. 6M b) Briefly discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Optical Fiber Cables.

9M

Unit – III

5. a) With a neat block diagram explain the different process involved in pulse code modulation.

7M

b) Compare delta modulation and differential PCM.

8M

6. a) Define multiplexing. Compare TDM and FDM. 7M b) For a bit pattern 1011010110 sketch the following line codes:

i. Unipolar encoding ii. Polar encoding : NRZ-L iii. Manchester encoding

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) What is bar code, and when it is commonly used? Describe what is meant by discrete bar code, continous bar code.

7M

b) Explain Error control in Data communication.

8M

8. a) What is Redundancy checking? Explain any three types of redundancy check. 7M b) Discuss on synchronous and Asynchronous data link protocols.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) List and briefly describe the basic blocks of a voice-band modem. 8M b) Explain the functionalities of RJ connectors and TRS connectors in a telephone set.

7M

10. a) Explain different categories of a telephone signalling. 8M b) What is modem synchronization? list the functions of modem synchronization. 7M




LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN (Electronics and Communication Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain body effect and sub-threshold current in long channel MOSFET. 9M b) With necessary diagram explain the MIS structure and its energy bands when it is

unbiased.

6M

2. a) Derive an expression for dynamic power dissipation in CMOS Circuits, taking in to account the charging and discharging of capacitance in CMOS circuits.

6M

b) Briefly explain the basic principles of low power VLSI design?

9M

Unit – II

3. a) Write the two sources of uncertainty that affects the delays of the circuit. 6M b) Explain the power sensitivity technique to obtain bound average power with flowchart.

9M

4. a) Describe the technique of estimating average power in sequential circuits. 8M b) Express P(X2TXTX0), P(X2TX’TX0) & P(X2TX0)in terms of its probabilities P(PX) and normalized

activities a(aX).

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain the first order difference algorithm level transforms for low power in behavioral transformation.

7M

b) With an example, briefly explain the power optimization using operation substitution.

8M

6. a) Briefly explain the power efficient pre-computation logic using shannon’s expansion. 8M b) Explain the circuit activity driven architectural transformations with diagrams.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) With a circuit diagram, explain the pre-charge low differential current switch logic operation.

7M

b) Explain the following: i. Reverse-Bias PN junction leakage current ii. Weak Inversion

8M

8. a) With an example, explain the following logic families and discuss about power and performance of these logic families: i. NMOS Logic ii. DCVS Logic

8M

b) Explain the following logic families with examples: i. Pass-transistor logic ii. Domino Logic Comment about power and performance of each logic families.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) With a circuit diagram explain the operation of 2 input adiabatic NAND Switch. 7M b) Explain the operations of Adiabatic SRAM Core.

8M

10. a) Briefly explain the operation of adiabatic dynamic logic CMOS inverter with a circuit diagram.

7M

b) Explain the following software power estimation: i. Architecture level power estimation ii. Bus switching Activity

8M




SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS




Unit – I

1. a) List the various frequency bands being used in satellite communication. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of different bands considering the effects of propagation media.

7M

b) A satellite in geostationary orbit has an apogee height of 35,795Km and a perigee height of 35,779km.Assuming a value of 6378Km for the earth’s equatorial radius, Calculate the semi major axis, eccentricity and period of the satellites orbit.

8M

2. a) What is meant by look angles? Explain them with reference to a geostationary satellite. 7M b) Write a detailed summary of expendable launch vehicles.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain with typical block diagram Telemetry Tracking & Command subsystem. 8M b) Define reliability of a system and justify with an expression for reliability in terms of mean

time between failures.

7M

4. a) From the basics of transmission theory Illustrate with equations, the satellite link formula. Express the formula in decibels.

8M

b) Given the following satellite transmitted power is 20W, satellite antenna gain is 20dB, distance= 40,000Km Ground antenna gain is 50dB, frequency is 4000MHz, bandwidth is 27MHz and System noise temp is 75k. Calculate carrier to noise ratio (C/N) in the ground receiver also find C/N in dB.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain in detail about the Time division Multiple Access (TDMA) Frame structure. 7M b) A DSSS CDMA system has a number of earth stations sharing a single 54MHz bandwidth

Ka-band transponder. Each station has a different 1023 bit PN sequence which is used to spread the traffic bits into a bandwidth of 45MHz. The transmitter and receivers use RRC filter with α=0.5 and the chip rate is 30Mcps. Determine the number of earth stations that can be supported by the CDMA system if the correlated output S/N=12dB.

8M

6. a) With the help of a neat block diagram describe the various functions of an earth station receiver.

7M

b) Describe the various functions of earth station tracking system.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) What are the various types of low earth orbit satellites? Explain. 7M b) Explain the terminal characteristics and common requirement of NGOSS.

8M

8. a) Explain the delay and throughput in satellite communication. 7M b) Explain the general aspects of coverage and frequency considerations of low earth orbit.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the generation of GPS signals with a neat sketch. 7M b) Describe the various sources of errors of a GPS signal.

8M

10. a) Explain the operation of a GPS receiver with a neat block diagram. 7M b) Describe the applications of GPS. 8M




REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS (Electronics and Communication Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain what a Real time system is with some examples. List and explain the various frequently cited misconceptions with respect to the Real Time systems.

8M

b) Explain the following terms of Real time Systems with relevant examples: i. Job ii. Task iii. Release time iv. Absolute deadline v. Relative deadline vi. Execution time vii. Response time

7M

2. a) Explain periodic, aperiodic and sporadic tasks with relevant examples. Enumerate any two applications of real-time systems.

8M

b) Job_1 | Job_2 denotes a pipe: The result produced by job_1 is incrementally consumed by job_ 2. (As an example, suppose that job_2 reads and displays one character at a time as each handwritten character is recognized and placed in a buffer by job_1.) Draw a precedence constraint graph to represent this producer-consumer relation between the jobs.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) What is a Real Time kernel? Explain the role of kernel in operating systems with a neat figure of layers of operating system functionality and its associated taxonomy.

7M

b) Examine the Priority Inversion problem in RTOS with an example. Explain the methods to overcome the priority inversion problem.

8M

4. a) Define a Process. Illustrate the different states and their transitions among them with a neat figure of process state diagram as a partially defined finite state machine.

7M

b) What is semaphore? Explain the different types of semaphores. Examine the various problems associated with semaphores and how it can be overcome.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Illustrate how process stack management is implemented using the run-time stacks and the task-control block models with relevant example.

7M

b) Write a short note on time garbage collection system.

8M

6. a) Explain the features, working and advantages of the Block or Page Management technique for memory management with example. Illustrate how this page management technique is used to address the fragmentation problem.

7M

b) Which of the following systems of periodic tasks are schedulable by the rate-monotonic algorithm and earliest-deadline-first algorithm? Justify your answer: i. (8,3),(9,3),(15,3) ii. (8,4),(12,4),(20,4) iii. (8,4),(10, 2),(12,3)

8M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain the desirable characteristics of real time systems. 8M b) With a neat block diagram, explain the central processing unit of a real time system.

7M

8. a) Illustrate the features of the following standardized and customized systems interfaces used in embedded real-time systems with relevant figures: i. MIL-STD-1553B ii. Small Computer Systems Interface iii. IEEE 1394 Firewire

8M

b) Identify the various single and multi peripherals that are required for interfacing devices to the CPU via interrupts.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Illustrate the features of Packet switched Networks in the Real time systems. communication with a neat figure of multi-hop switched network and a 4 x 4 switch. Also explain the taxonomy of service disciplines.

8M

b) List and explain the common POSIX I/O operations typically found in real-time systems. Also explain the associated Data Structures used for Asynchronous Input and Output with examples.

7M

10. a) Illustrate the features of Weighted Fair queuing Discipline for switched networks. 8M b) Illustrate how the real time communication is implemented in Multi computer systems. 7M




POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL

(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Write the algorithm for economic load dispatch with losses. 7M b) The cost curves of two plants are:

2C 0.04P 25 P 250 Rs. / Hr

1 1 1

2C 0.05 P 12P 150 Rs. / Hr

2 2 1

The loss coefficients for the above system are B11 = 0.0014/MW, B12 = B21 = -0.0002/MW and B22 = 0.0012/MW. Determine the economical generation scheduling corresponding to λ = 30 Rs/MWHr. Also find the loss.

8M

2. a) What is meant by penalty factor? What role does it play in economic load dispatch? 8M b) The fuel cost for two units are as given below:

IFC 0.5P 20 Rs / MW Hr1 1

IFC 0.75 P 35 Rs / MW Hr2 2

where P1

and P2

are in MW

What is the most economic schedule if together they are supplying 250MW? What is the incremental fuel cost in that case?

7M

Unit – II

3. a) With a neat sketch explain the hydro electric plant model. 7M b) Consider the two bus system shown in Fig.1. The incremental production costs at the

two generating station are given by: dC1/dP1 = 0.005P1 + 5 and dC2/dP2 = 0.004P2 + 7 The B coefficients are: B11 = 0.0002, B12 = B21 = -0.00005; B22 = 0.0003 Determine the penalty factor at both the buses for the given system and also the

approximate penalty factor. Given = 8

Fig.1

8M

Cont…2

::2::

4. a) Derive an expression for short term hydro thermal scheduling considering transmission losses.

8M

b) A system consists of two generators with the following characteristics:

x2 6

F 7P 0.03 P 70 101 1 1

x2 6

F 5P 0.05 P 100 102 2 2

Where F and P are fuel input in K cal/hr and unit output in MW respectively. The daily load cycle is given as follows:

Time Load

12 midnight to 6 a.m 50 MW

6 a.m. to 6 p.m 150 MW

6 p.m. to 12 midnight 50 MW

Give the economic schedule for the three periods of the day.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Obtain the speed governing system model and also derive the transfer function. 7M b) The capacities of two generators are 600MW and 800MW and they are operating in

parallel at full load. They have speed governors with a drop of 2% and 4% (from no load to full load) respectively. How will they share a load of 1000MW? What will be the new frequency?

8M

6. a) Draw the block diagram of a turbine model and obtain its transfer function. 8M b) A 2 pole, 200MVA synchronous generator has a machine constant H as 7.5MW-ec/MVA.

It is operating at full load and 50Hz, when suddenly a 50MW load is removed. Due to time lag of the speed governing system, the steam valve starts closing only after 0.4second. Find the new frequency and speed of the generator.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Distinguish between load frequency control and economic dispatch 7M b) Two control area have the following characteristics

Area1: R1 = 0.011 p.u, D1 = 0.85 p.u. base MVA = 1000 Area2: R2 = 0.018 p.u, D2 = 0.95 p.u., base MVA = 1000 A load change of 200 MW occur in area1. Determine the new steady state frequency.

8M

8. a) Explain the necessity of maintaining frequency constant in power system. 5M b) Two power stations A and B operate in parallel. They are inter connected by a short

transmission line. The station capacities are 100 MW and 200 MW respectively. The generators at A and B have speed regulation 3% and 2% respectively. Calculate the output of each station and the load on the interconnector if: i. The load on each station is 125 MW ii. The loads on respective bus bars are 60 MW and 190 MW and iii. The load is 150 MW at the station A bus bar only

10M

Unit – V

9. a) Find the capacity of a static VAR compensator to be installed at a bus with +5% voltage fluctuation. The short circuit capacity = 7000 MVA.

5M

b) Discuss steady state performance of static var compensators.

10M

10. a) Explain briefly about reactive power compensation in transmission systems. 8M b) Explain about load compensation with its objectives. 7M




MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the architecture of 8086 microprocessor with a neat block diagram. 10M b) Explain memory segmentation. What are advantages of segmented memory scheme?

5M

2. a) With a neat block diagram, explain the maximum mode operation of 8086 microprocessor.

8M

b) Mention the addressing mode and determine the physical address resulting from the following instructions:

MOV DL, BP SI

MOV DI, BX 100H

MOV BP DI 5 , AH

MOV AL, 5036H

BP 7000H, SI 0350H, SS 8000H, BX 4FFFH, DS 2000H and DI 6A00H.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the addressing and address decoding logic when a memory is connected to 8086.

7M

b) Analyze the following 8086 ALP and determine the outcome of executing it: MOV AL, 26H MOV BL,AL AND AL,F0H MOV CL,4 ROR AL,CL ADD AL,30H MOV AH,0EH INT 10H MOV AL,BL AND AL,0FH ADD AL,30H INT 10H INT 20H

8M

4. a) Discuss about the stack operations performed when a CALL and RET is executed. 8M b) Write an 8086 ALP to find the highest of five numbers and write the result in DL.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Suggest a scheme to connect an 8-bit DAC to 8086. Present your answer in the form of circuit diagram and appropriate explanations.

7M

b) Using a block diagram, explain the functionality of 8259 peripheral interrupt controller.

8M

6. a) Discuss the operation of 8255 PPI in mode-2 (bi-directional handshake). 7M b) In an abstract manner, explain DOS and BIOS interrupts.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) With a neat diagram, explain the internal architecture of 8051 microcontroller. 10M b) Write an ALP to add the contents of RAM location 60H, 61H and 62H. Store the result in

RAM locations 41H (MSB) and 40H (LSB). 5M

Cont…2

::2::

8. a) Interface 16 K EPROM and 8K RAM to 8051 Microcontroller. Write a neat diagram to

show the interfacing along with memory map. 7M

b) Write an ALP using timer in MODE 1 to generate a square wave with an ON time of 3 ms and an OFF time of 10 ms. Assume an XTAL of 22MHz.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) What is the difference between asynchronous and synchronous communication? Explain.

5M

b) Draw the interfacing diagram of a 4x4 matrix keyboard connected to port-1 and port-2 of 8051. Also, write an algorithm to determine the key pressed.

10M

10. Design an 8051 based system to control the speed of a permanent magnet dc motor. Provide your answers with an algorithm, program and an abstract circuit diagram (without part number or component values).

15M




POWER ELECTRONICS (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Discuss switching characteristics of power MOSFETS. 7M b) Explain two transistor analogy of a thyristor. Derive an equation for anode current. Explain

function of gate in a thyristor.

8M

2. a) What is meant by commutation of SCR? How is commutation methods classified? Explain any one method in detail.

7M

b) Three thyristors are connected in series to form a string. The string must withstand an of state voltage of 8KV.The static equalizing resistance is 20KΩ. The dynamic equalizing circuit has Rc=25Ω and C=0.1μF. The leakage current of the thyristors are 22mA, 20mA and 18mA respectively. Find: i. Voltage across each SCR during off state ii. Discharge current through each SCR at the time of turn on

8M

Unit – II

3. a) With a neat circuit diagram and relevant waveforms, explain the working of a single-phase fully controlled bridge rectifier with R load.

7M

b) Derive an expression for the average load voltage and current for a single phase fully controlled converter with source inductance.

8M

4. a) With a neat circuit diagram and relevant waveforms, explain the working of a single-phase fully controlled bridge rectifier with RLE load.

7M

b) A single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier is operated from 230V, 50Hz supply. A resistive load of 10 ohm is connected to the rectifier. If the average output voltage is 75% of the maximum possible average output voltage, calculate: i. Delay angle of the thyristor ii. rms and average values of the output voltage iii. rms and average values of the thyristor current

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Derive an expression for average current through a load in a single phase full wave AC voltage controller with R-L load.

7M

b) With a neat circuit diagram and relevant waveforms, explain the working of a three-phase fully controlled bridge rectifier with R load for continuous conduction mode.

8M

6. a) Derive an expression for rms and average value of output voltage for a single phase full wave AC voltage controller with R load.

7M

b) A three phase six pulse converter is operated from a three-phase star connected 440V, 50Hz supply. The load is purely resistive with R = 15Ω. If the average voltage is 50% of maximum possible average output voltage, calculate: i. Firing angle ii. rms and average values of output current iii. rms and average values of thyristor current

8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – IV

7. a) With a neat circuit explain single-phase cycloconverter with resistive loads. 7M b) Explain difference between AC voltage controller and cycloconverter.

8M

8. a) Which commutation technique is used in Morgan chopper? With a neat circuit discuss its disadvantages.

8M

b) A step-down dc chopper has a resistive load of R=15Ω and input voltage =240V. When the chopper remains ON, its voltage drop is 1.5V. The chopper frequency is 1.2kHz. If the duty cycle is 60%, determine: i. Average output voltage ii. rms output voltage iii. Chopper efficiency

7M

Unit – V

9. a) With a neat circuit and associated waveforms explain operation of series inverter. 7M b) A series inverter has R=80Ω, L=8mH and C=1.2μF. Check whether the circuit will work as a

series inverter. Find the maximum output frequency.

8M

10. a) What is a PWM inverter? What are the various techniques to control output voltage of inverter?

7M

b) Draw the diagram of parallel inverter and discuss its modes of operation. 8M




SPECIAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES




Unit – I

1. a) Explain With a neat diagram the essential features of a Rosenberg generator. Describe its application.

9M

b) Discuss principle, operation and characteristics of amplidyne.

6M

2. a) With a neat sketch explain the working of: i. Series booster ii. Dynamotor

10M

b) What is three wire d.c generator and where it is used?

5M

Unit – II

3. a) Bring out the essential conditions for the satisfactory operation of a 2-phase hybrid step motor.

5M

b) Explain with neat connection diagram and switching curves, the principle of operation of slow speed synchronous motor for servo control.

10M

4. With a neat sketch explain the construction of 3-phase, 2-pole synchronous motor with wound or permanent magnet rotor used as a step. Explain its working principle when phase A, B and C are energized.

15M

Unit – III

5. a) Draw the cross-sectional view of single stack VR stepping motor with following details: 2-pole, 3-phase, salient pole stator and 4 rotor teeth. (Step angle = 300 in ccw direction.)

7M

b) Discuss the open loop control of 3-phase VR step motor with neat figures.

8M

6. a) Explain the construction details of a multiple stack VR motor. 8M b) What is a discriminator or rotor position sensor? Explain how it can be used for sensing

the position of rotor with neat figures.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Draw the block diagram representing open loop control system using a step motor in a numerically controlled machine tool and explain.

7M

b) Derive the toque developed in the step motor with air-gap g1 and g2.

8M

8. With a neat sketch explain construction of a 5-phase hybrid stepping motor. Also with suitable sketches, explain the working principle of the motor, when: i. Phase A is energized ii. When Phase B is energized

15M

Unit – V

9. a) Discuss the factors to be satisfied for the successful operation of an SRM. 8M b) Draw idealized L- Ɵ profile of an SRM.

7M

10. a) Discuss the parameters to be considered for the design of rotor and stator pole arcs. 9M b) Explain the operation of rotor sensing with logic controllers. 6M




NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGICS




Unit – I

1. a) Differentiate between biological and artificial neural networks with respect to processing, size, learning, fault tolerance and memory.

6M

b) Explain the classification of ANN based on Network Topology with relevant diagrams.

9M

2. a) Explain Binary sigmoidal function and Bipolar sigmoidal function with their expressions. 6M b) Discuss Supervised, Unsupervised and Reinforcement Learning with suitable examples.

9M

Unit – II

3. a) Discuss the Perceptron convergence theorem. 5M b) Explain back propagation algorithm. Mention its application.

10M

4. a) Explain credit assignment problem. 5M b) Using perceptron net, find the weights required to perform the following pattern

classification. Vectors (1111), (-11-1-1) and (1-1-11) are members of class (having target 1); vectors (111-1) and (1-1-11) are not members of class (having target -1). Using the training vectors as input, test the response of the net using application algorithm. Use a learning rat 1 and starting weight 0.

10M

Unit – III

5. a) Discuss the following with respect to Discrete BAM Networks: i. Weight updation for binary and bipolar vectors ii. Activation function for both layers for binary and bipolar vectors

6M

b) Design a Hopfield network for 4-bit bipolar pattern. The training patterns are given as

11111 S

11112 S

11113 S

Find the weight matrix and the energy for the three input samples.

Determine the pattern to which the sample 1111 S .

9M

6. a) Discuss the energy function and training algorithm of Continuous Hopfield Network. 9M b) A hetero associative net is trained by Hebb outer product rule for input row vectors

),,,( 4321 xxxxS to output row vectors ),( 21 ttt . Find the weight matrix.

)01()0011( 11 tS

)10()0111( 22 tS

)01()1100( 33 tS

)01()0010( 44 tS

6M

Unit – IV

7. a) With relevant mathematical expressions, explain the operations on fuzzy relations. 6M b) What are different types of membership functions used in Fuzzy Logic? Briefly explain

any three of them. 9M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

8. a) Write a note on the following terms:

i. Uncertainty ii. ii) Membership functions

6M

b) Given two fuzzy sets as follows: A= 0,0.1 , 1,0.4 , 2,1 , 3,0.3 , 4,0.2 and

B= 0,0.2 , 1,0.5 , 2,1 , 3,0.4 , 4,0.1

Find the following:

i. BA

ii. BA

iii. A

iv. B

v. BA

vi. BA

vii. BA

viii. BA |

ix. BA |

9M

Unit – V

9. a) Find the membership values for the given triangle and identify the suitable method for membership value assignment.

Fig.1

6M

b) How is fuzzy output functions defuzzified? Discuss three defuzzification methods with the corresponding expression and diagram.

9M

10. a) For the given membership function shown in Fig.2, determine the defuzzified output value by Centroid method.

Fig.2

6M

b) What are the different methods to assign membership values to fuzzy variables? Discuss any two methods in detail with suitable example.

9M




POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS AND STABILITY (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the Normal secure state, alert state of operation of power system. 6M b) A generator is supplying power to a load centre through a transmission line. The power

output of the generator is increased slowly while maintaining the magnitudes of the voltages V1 and V2 constant at 1.0 pu. By manual control (of both generator excitation and infinite bus voltage). Find the steady state stability limit of power that can be transmitted. Assume xt = 0.14, xline = 0.6, Zt = j0.12, xg = 0.4.

Fig.1

9M

2. a) Discuss recent trends in power system dynamic and stability problems. 5M b) A generator is connected to an infinite bus through an external impedance of jxe. The

generator is represented by a voltage source Eg in series with a reactance of xg. If Eg=Eb (infinite bus voltage)=1.0, xe=-0.5, xg=0.3 (all in p.u) for pb=1.0p.u., find the

equilibrium values of , in the range of (-, ). Test their stability (Pb is the received power at the infinite bus). Assume infinite bus angle as zero.

10M

Unit – II

3. a) What are the torque equations during the modeling of a synchronous machine? 6M b) How are the transient and subtransient quantities from the equivalent circuit

parameters?

9M

4. a) Obtain the torque equations after Park’s transformation. 8M b) How are the rotor base quantities chosen for a synchronous machine?

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Discuss different types of excitation systems based on the power source for exciter. Also draw the functional block diagram of excitation control system.

7M

b) Discuss static load representation.

8M

6. a) Draw the functional block diagram of mechanical hydraulic speed governing system for steam turbines and explain.

7M

b) With a single phase equivalent of a transmission line, explain modeling of a transmission network.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Discuss stator equations for synchronous machine model. 8M b) Write a note on system simulations.

7M

8. a) What are the rotor mechanical equations of model 1.1 of synchronous generator? 7M b) What are the rotor equations of model 2.2 of synchronous generator?

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain how the “transient voltage instability” affects voltage instability and collapse. 7M b) Write briefly about integrated analysis of voltage and angle stability.

8M

10. a) Discuss with relevant equation, synchronizing torque and damping torques when applied to fast excitation system.

7M

b) Discuss the dynamics of load restoration. 8M




METROLOGY AND SURFACE ENGINEERING

(Mechanical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. Determine the tolerances on the hole and the shaft for a precision running fit designated by 50 H7g6, given: 50 mm lies between 30-50 mm i (in microns)=0.45(D)1/3+0.001D Fundamental deviation for ‘H’ hole=0 Fundamental deviation for g shaft =-2.5D 0.34 IT7=16i and IT6=10i State the actual maximum and minimum sizes of the hole and shaft and maximum and minimum clearances.

15M

2. a) Explain Interchangeability and selective assembly. 7M b) What is hole basis systems and shaft base system? Explain the significance of hole basis

system. 8M

Unit – II

3. a) State the characteristics of line standard and end standard. 7M b) Explain:

i. Gauge Tolerance for workshop gauges, general gauges and inspection gauges with figure

ii. Wear Tolerance

8M

4. a) How do you measure taper angle of a job using sine bar? Explain with a neat diagram. 10M b) State the advantages and disadvantages of sine bar. 5M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain with the neat sketch tool makers microscope. 10M b) Explain the applications of auto collimator.

5M

6. a) How do you measure the effective diameter of screw thread using two-wire method? Explain.

10M

b) Explain the measurement of major diameter of a screw thread.

5M

Unit – IV

7. a) Write the neat sketch and explain the working principle of Tally surf roughness tester. 10M b) State the advantages of Pneumatic Comparators.

5M

8. a) With a neat sketch, explain the elements of surface texture. 10M b) Explain the alignment test on lathe.

5M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain moving bridge type computer controlled CMM machine. 8M b) Explain with the neat sketch mechanical cleaning process.

7M

10. a) Explain Laser surface heat treatment process. 7M b) Explain in detail diffusion coatings with neat sketch. 8M




DESIGN OF MACHINE MEMBERS-II




Unit – I

1. A hardened steel journal and a bronze – backed babbit bearing is used to support a load of 4500 N at 600 rpm. An abundance of oil is supplied by means of oiling rings. The bearing is relieved for 20o from the normal to the load line. The oil used is ring-oiled bearing oil and its operating temperature is 70oC. Determine: i. Diameter of journal and length of bearing ii. Coefficient of friction by Mckee’s equation iii. Sommerfeld number iv. Minimum film thickness v. Heat generated vi. Heat dissipated by the bearing based on projected area of the bearing

15M

2. a) What is the significance of Bearing characteristic number and bearing modulus for journal bearing?

7M

b) A single row deep groove ball bearing No. 6002 is subjected to an axial thrust load of 1000N and a radial load of 2200 N. Find the expected life that 50% of the bearings will complete under this condition.

8M

Unit – II

3. A four stroke diesel engine has the following specifications: Brake power = 5kW; Speed=1200r.p.m.; Indicated mean effective pressure=0.35 N/mm2; Mechanical efficiency=80 %. Determine: i. Bore and length of the cylinder ii. Thickness of the cylinder head iii. Size of studs for the cylinder head

15M

4. Design a cast iron piston for a single acting four stroke engine for the following data: Cylinder bore = 100 mm; Stroke = 125 mm; Maximum gas pressure = 5N/mm2; Indicated mean effective pressure = 0.75 N/mm2; Mechanical efficiency = 80%; Fuel consumption = 0.15 kg per brake power per hour; Higher calorific value of fuel = 42 × 103 kJ/kg; Speed = 2000r.p.m.Any other data required for the design may be assumed.

15M

Unit – III

5. a) State the assumptions made in deriving lewis equation. 3M b) Design a pair of spur gears to transmit 20kW of power at a pinion speed of 1500rpm. The

required velocity ratio 3.5:1 200 stub involutes tooth profile to be The static design stress for the pinion is 1000MPa and for the gear is 70Mpa pinion has 16 teeth. Determine the module, face width, and pitch circle diameter of the gears based on a service factor is 1.25.

12M

6. a) Explain the design considerations for a gear drive. 3M b) Two spur gears are to be used for a rock crusher drive and are to be of minimum size.

The gears are to be designed for the following requirements. Power to be transmitted is 20kW; speed of pinion is 1200 rpm, velocity ratio is 3.5 : 1; tooth profile 20° stub Involutes. Determine module and face width for strength requirements.

12M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – IV

7. a) What are Mitre gears? 3M b) A 90º bevel gearing arrangement is to be employed to transmit 4 kW at 600r.p.m. from

the driving shaft to another shaft at 200r.p.m. The pinion has 30 teeth. The pinion is made of cast steel having a static stress of 80MPa and the gear is made of cast iron with a static stress of 55MPa. The tooth profiles of the gears are of 141/2º composite form. Determine the module, face width and pitch diameters for the pinion and gears, from the standpoint of strength and check the design from the standpoint of wear. Take surface endurance limit as 630MPa and modulus of elasticity for the material of gears is EP = 200 kN/mm2 and EG = 80kN/mm2.

12M

8. a) Explain the Formative or equivalent number of teeth for helical gear. 3M b) Atriple threaded worm has teeth of 6 mm module and pitch circle diameter of 50mm. If

the worm gear has 30 teeth of 14½° and the coefficient of friction of the worm gearing is 0.05, find.1. The lead angle of the worm, 2. Velocity ratio, 3. Centre distance, and 4. Efficiency of the worm gearing.

12M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain Acme or trapezoidal thread. 3M b) A screw jack carries a load of 22kN. Assuming the coefficient of friction between screw

and nut as 0.15, design the screw and nut. Neglect collar friction and column action. The permissible compressive and shear stresses in the screw should not exceed 42MPa and 28MPa respectively. The shear stress in the nut should not exceed 21MPa. The bearing pressure on the nut is 14 N/mm2. Also determine the effort required at the handle of 200 mm length in order to raise and lower the load. What will be the efficiency of screw?

12M

10. a) What are the major stresses in a helical spring? 3M b) Helical compression spring, made of circular wire, is subjected to an axial force that

varies from 2.5kN to 3.5kN. Over this range lf force, the deflection of the spring should be approximately 5mm. The spring index can be taken as 5. The spring has square and ground ends. The spring is made of patented and cold drawn steel wire with ultimate tensile strength of 1050 N/mm2 and modulus of rigidity of 81370 N/mm2. The permissible shear stress for the spring wire should. Design the spring and calculate: i. Wire diameter ii. Mean coil diameter iii. Number of active coils iv. Total number of active turns

12M




HEAT TRANSFER




Unit – I

1. a) List and explain the three types of boundary conditions. 8M b) Calculate critical radius of insulation for asbestos Ck=0.17W/m °C surrounding a pipe and

exposed to room air at 20°C with h=3W/m2K. Calculate the heat loss from 200°C, 50mm diameter pipe when covered with critical radius of insulation and without insulation.

7M

2. a) Derive general 3-dimensional heat conduction equation is Cartesian co-ordinates. 9M b) Explain briefly:

i. Thermal Conductivity ii. Thermal Diffusivity iii. Overall heat transfer co-efficient

6M

Unit – II

3. a) Write short notes on heisler chart. 4M b) A brick wall of 10cm thick is initially at a uniform temperature of 230 oC .The wall is

suddenly exposed to a convective environment of 30 oC with a surface heat transfer coefficient of 60W/m2-K Determine: i. The centre temperature at 2hour after the exposure to the ambient ii. Energy removed from the wall per m2 during 2 hours iii. What would be the time taken for the surface of the wall to reach a temperature

of 40 oC.Take mass density ρ=2300 Kg/m3,Thermal conductivity K=0.69W/m-K,Thermal diffusivity α=0.5*10-6m2/sec

11M

4. a) With neat sketch explain different types of fins. 5M b) In order to reduce thermal resistance from the surface of a plane wall 50cm*50cm, 100

pin fins of 1cm diameter and 10cm long are attached. If the fins are made of a material of K=300W/m-K and the value of surface conductance with convective boundary condition is 15W/m2K. Calculate the decrease in thermal resistance and increase in heat transfer rate from the wall, if the temperature difference between wall and surroundings is 170oC.

10M

Unit – III

5. a) Derive co-relation for forced convection in terms of dimensionless numbers using dimensional analysis.

8M

b) A tube 5m long is maintained at 100 C by steam jacketing a fluid flows through tube at rate of 175kg/hr at 30 C. The diameter of tube is 2cm. Find average heat transfer co-efficient. Take ρ=850Kg/m3 Cp=2000J/Kg C, γ=5.1x10-6m2/s, K=0.12W/m C.

7M

6. a) Explain the development of thermal boundary layer over a flat plate. 8M b) Write the differences between natural and forced convection.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) With a neat sketch, discuss the phenomenon of pool boiling. 5M b) A Circular plate of 25cm diameter with both surfaces maintained at a uniform

temperature of 100 oC is suspended in a horizontal position in atmospheric air at 20 oC. Determine the heat transfer from the plate.

10M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

8. a) Define LMTD and obtain an expression for LMTD of parallel flow heat exchanger. 8M b) A counter flow heat exchanger of heat transfer area 12.5 m2 is to cool oil Cp=2000J/KgK

with water of Cp=4170J/KgK the oil enters at 100 C with the flow rate of 2Kg/s while water enters at 20 C with a flow of 0.48Kg/sec the overall heat transfer co-efficient is 400W/m2K. Calculate exit temperature of water and heat transfer.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain briefly: i. The concept of black body ii. Stefan Boltzmann law iii. Lambert cosine law

9M

b) Two parallel plates at T1=900K and T2=500K have emissivity’s ε1=0.6 and ε2=0.9 respectively. A radiation shield having an emissivity ε31=0.15 on one side and ε32=0.06 on other side is placed between the plates. Calculate the heat transfer rate by radiation per square meter with and without radiation shield.

6M

10. a) For a blackbody enclosed in a hemispherical space show the emissive power of the black body is π time the intensity of radiation.

9M

b) State and explain: i. Kirchhoff law ii. Planck’s law

6M




DIGITAL ELECTRONICS




Unit – I

1. a) Convert the following: i. (172.625)10 = ( )2 ii. (ABCD.72)16 = ( )8 iii. (10111101.0101)2 = ( )10

iv. (1062.403)8 = ( )10

8M

b) Simplify the following expression using Boolean laws and draw logic diagram for each simplified expression using Basic gates.

i. X Y Z XYZ Y Z X Z

ii. A B C A B C A B

7M

2. a) Subtract (1043.06)10 from (364.425)10 using: i. 9’s Complement Method ii. 10’s Complement Method

6M

b) i. Write the symbol, truth table and final expression for AND, NOR and EX-OR gate (For two I/P’s).

ii. Rewrite the following Boolean expression in the standard POS:

I. a b a c

II. a b b c ( a)

9M

Unit – II

3. a) Solve(Simplify) the following Boolean equation Using Quine-McClusky technique H= F(A, B, C, D) = ∑m(0,1,2,4,5,6,8,9,12,13).

8M

b) Get the minimized product-of sum(OAI) expression for N = f(a, b, c, d) = ∏(0,1,5,6,7,8,9) with don’t cares: ∏X(10,11,12,13,14,15). Use Karnaugh map for simplification and write PIs and EPIs.

7M

4.

a)

Using tabulation method, obtain the minimal expression for : F= F(W,X,Y,Z)=∑m(0,1,2,8,10,11,14,15).

7M

b) Obtain the minimal SOP for the function F(ABCD)=∑(0,1,2,5,8,9,10) and implement it in OAI logic.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Design full adder and implement using two half adders. 8M b) Draw the block diagram of Programmable Logic Array (PLA) and explain.

7M

6. a) Implement the following function using 4:1 Mux:

F A,B,C,D m 0,1,2,4,6,9,12,14 .

7M

b) Draw logic diagram of 2:4 decoder and explain using truth table. Also implement full Subtractor using 3:8 decoder.

8M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – IV

7. a) Draw the block diagram of sequential circuit and explain. 4M b) i. Mention the differences between flip flop and latch

ii. Derive the characteristic equation of the following flip flops I. SR Flip Flop II. JK Flip Flop

11M

8. a) Distinguish between synchronous and asynchronous circuits. 3M b) Draw circuit diagram of SR Latch using NAND gates and explain its working with the help

of truth table. Construct a D Flip Flop from a JK Flip Flop.

12M

Unit – V

9. a) Compare synchronous with asynchronous counter. Explain LFSR counter. 7M b) Draw the circuit diagram for 4-bit ripple down counter using T Flip-Flop and plot the

output waveform.

8M

10. a) Draw the logic network for MOD-6 Johnson counter and explain the operation with timing diagram.

7M

b) With the help of suitable circuit diagram, explain the following operations in a shift register: i. SISO ii. PISO

8M




AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (Mechanical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Sketch and explain different types of lubrication systems used in automobile engines. 8M b) Explain the operation of the typical super charger with sketch.

7M

2. a) Discuss the constructional details of various chassis frames. 7M b) Explain the following:

i. Oil filters ii. Oil pumps iii. Decarburization iv. Crankcase ventilation

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Sketch and Explain the working of solex carburetor. 8M b) Briefly discuss the working of mechanical fuel pump.

7M

4. a) Describe about multipoint fuel injection system of an automotive engine. 8M b) Mention the factors responsible for more fuel consumption in the auto vehicles.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain the components of cooling system 7M b) Explain in detail about battery, magneto coil and electronic ignition system with simple

sketch.

8M

6. a) Enlist the various types of gear boxes. What are the advantages of epicyclic gear box? 7M b) Explain Single plate dry clutch with neat sketch.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Define overall steering ratio. What is centre point steering? 7M b) With neat sketch explain the working of synchro mesh gear box.

8M

8. a) Describe the vacuum servo brakes. 7M b) Explain the following:

i. Single plunger master cylinder ii. Tandem master cylinder

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Sketch and explain the working of power steering system. 7M b) Differentiate between Ackerman steering mechanism and Davis steering mechanism.

8M

10. a) Discuss the constructional details of leaf, coil and torsion bar springs. 9M b) Explain the following:

i. Toe in ii. Toe out

6M




UNCONVENTIONAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES (Mechanical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Differentiate between conventional and non conventional machining process. 10M b) What is the significance of un-conventional machining process in today’s industries?

5M

2. a) Explain the need and characteristic features of Nontraditional machining. 7M b) Write a note on the source of energy harnessed and mechanism of material removal in

NTM.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) What is USM? Explain the ultrasonic machining process with schematic diagram. 7M b) Discuss the effects of the following parameters on MRR as applied to USM process:

i. Amplitude and frequency of vibrations ii. Grain size iii. Applied static load iv. Effect of slurry

8M

4. a) Explain the working of water jet machining process with a neat sketch. 9M b) Explain the desired properties of abrasive materials used in abrasive jet machining.

6M

Unit – III

5. a) With a neat sketch, explain the working principle process of ECM process. 7M b) Sketch and explain different types of tools used in ECM process.

8M

6. a) With neat sketch explain electro chemical honing process. 6M b) Describe various factors affecting ECM. Explain any four.

9M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain with neat sketch travelling wire EDM. 9M b) List the advantages and applications of EDM.

6M

8. a) Explain in detail the following process characteristics, with reference to EDM: i. Metal removal rate ii. Heat affected zone

7M

b) Sketch and explain electric discharge grinding.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Write a note on different types of lasers used in LBM process. 7M b) With a neat sketch, explain electron beam machining equipments.

8M

10. a) Explain the following process characteristics with respect to chemical machining: i. Material removal rate ii. Surface finish iii. Hydrogen Embrittlement iv. Accuracy

8M

b) Mention advantages, disadvantages and applications of PAM process. 7M




ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

(Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Write a comprehensive note on population forecasting with respect to water supply. 7M b) The Population of a locality, as obtained from a census report, is given below:

Census Year 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960

Population 8000 12000 17000 22500 29000 37500 47000 57000 66500

Estimate the population of the locality in 1980 by incremental method.

8M

2. a) Write a critical note on Infiltration galleries and water intakes. 8M b) Explain the physical, chemical characteristics of water. 7M

Unit – II

3. a) What is jar test and write about its procedure. 7M b) Discuss about sedimentation process with respect to water treatment and basic principles

governing it.

8M

4. a) Compare slow sand filters (SSF) with rapid sand filters (RSF). 7M b) Write comprehensive notes on the methods of disinfection.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Compare conservancy and water carriage systems. 8M b) What is a manhole? Describe its usage?

7M

6. a) Explain the functioning of the automatic flushing tank with a neat sketch. 8M b) Catalog the basic principles of good drainage system.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Describe the primary waste water treatment plant with a neat sketch. 8M b) Elucidate the secondary waste water treatment using Trickling Filters.

7M

8. a) Discuss the applications of grit chambers. How does it function? Give examples. 8M b) Explain the activated sludge process with a neat sketch.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Depict the various stages of anaerobic sludge digestion. 8M b) Explain factors affecting process of Sludge Digestion.

7M

10. a) Explain the working of the Oxidation Ditch with a neat diagram. 7M b) Illustrate the concept of self-purification of rivers. How this is beneficial for sewage

farming. 8M




DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES (Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Write a note on Black bolts and HSFG bolts. 5M b) A lap joint is made between two plates of 10mm thick with 6 numbers of 16mm black

bolts (G4.6) in two rows. Find the joint capacity Bolts are fully threaded.

10M

2. a) With sketches explain the different failures of bolted connections. 5M b) Calculate the factored load that can be supported by the bracket connection shown in

the Fig.1.Weld size = 6 mm.

Fig.1

10M

Unit – II

3. A compound column of 2ISMC 250 kept toe to toe. Find the maximum load carried by the column for an effective height of 6.2m. What is the optimum distance between toes for this load? Design a welded lacing system for this compound column.

15M

4. Design the base plate for an ISHB 350 column to carry a factored load of 1200kN. Assume Fe410 grade steel and M25 concrete, Use the effective area method of design, sketch the details.

15M

Unit – III

5. a) What is lug angle and why is it not preferred? Explain. 5M b) A tie member of roof truss consists of 2 ISA 125x75x10mm. The tie member is subjected

to a pull of 250kN. The angles are connected on either side of gusset plate of 10mm thick with long legs back to back. Design the end connections assuming field weld.

10M

6. A single unequal angle 90x60x6 is connected to a 10mm gusset plates at the ends with 5 numbers of 16mm bolts to transfer tension. Determine the design tensile strength of the angle if the gusset is connected to 90mm leg.

15M

Unit – IV

7. Determine the design loads on the purlins of an industrial building near Vishakhapatnam, given: Class of building: General with life of 50 years Terrain Category 2, Maximum dimension: 40m Width of building: 15m Height at eve level: 8m Topography: Ɵ less than 30

Permeability: Medium Span of truss: 15m, Pitch:1/5 Sheeting: AC sheets Spacing of purlins: 1.35m Spacing of trusses: 4m

15M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

8. a) With neat sketch explain different types of roof trusses. 5M b) A roof truss shed is to be built in Lucknow for an industry. The size of shed is 24mx40m.

The height of building is 12m at the eves. Determine the basic wind pressure. 10M

Unit – V

9. Design a welded plate girder of span 24m to carry on super imposed load of 35kN/m. Avoid use of bearing and intermediate stiffeners use Fe 415 steel.

15M

10. Design an end bearing stiffener and its connections the flange plate is 500x40mm; web plate 1800x10mm, maximum shear force is 2600kN.

15M




GEO TECHNICAL ENGINEERING-II (Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) What are the objectives of soil exploration? Explain. 7M b) With the sketch of the soil sampler, Define:

i. Area ratio ii. Outside clearance iii. Inside clearance

8M

2. a) Explain various methods of borings adopted for soil exploration. 7M b) Explain standard penetration test with the help of neat sketch.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the Method of Slices of determining the factor of safety of finite slopes. 8M b) A slope 1 in 2 with a height of 8m has the following soil properties: γ=18 KN/m3,

C=28KN/m2 and Φ=100. Calculate: i. factor of safety with respect to cohesion ii. Critical height of slope

7M

4. a) A finite slope has failed in your city. What may be the possible causes? Explain any two of them briefly.

5M

b) An embankment has a slope of 1.5H : 1V with a height of 9m and the soil properties are C=25kPa, Φ=200 and γ=18kN/m3. Determine the factor of safety for a trial slip circle passing through the toe using the method of slices. The Fellinius angles are α=260 and β=350. Use method of slices.

10M

Unit – III

5. a) Derive the equations of active and passive earth pressures. 5M b) Discuss Culmann's method for the determination of active earth pressure.

10M

6. a) Briefly explain any two types of retaining walls. 5M b) Calculate the total lateral thrust and its location on the retaining wall of height 6 m high

using the data given below: For top 2.5m soil: Φ=360 and γ=18 kN/m3 For bottom 3.5m soil: Φ=320 and γ=17 kN/m3

Plot the variation of active earth pressure and locate the point of action of total active thrust.

10M

R

Unit – IV

7. a) What are different types of shallow foundations? Explain with neat sketches 8M b) Compute the Safe bearing capacity of a continuous footing of 1.5m wide at a depth of

1.5m in a soil with γ=18 KN/m3, C=18KN/m2 and Φ=250. What is the safe load per metre run if factor of safety is 3. Take the values of Terzaghi's bearing capacity factors as Nc=25, Nq=12.5 and Nγ=10.

7M

8. a) Differentiate between general shear failure and local shear failure. 7M b) Discuss the effect of water table on the bearing capacity of soil.

8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – V

9. a) In what circumstances do you recommend the deep foundations for a structure? List the different types of piles based on the load transfer mechanism.

5M

b) There are 9 piles of 400mm diameter and 10m length driven into a sandy soil at 1m centre-to-centre in a 3x3 arrangement. If the soil has c=0, Φ=200, K=1.5 and γ=15.45kN/m3, calculate the load carrying capacity of the pile group using Factor of safety=2. Take Nq=10 and Nγ=5.39.

10M

10. a) What are the functions of well foundations? Explain the different components of a Well foundation with a neat sketch.

8M

b) Briefly explain the different types and shapes of well foundations. 7M




GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY (Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) With the help of a neat sketch discuss the origin of groundwater. Differentiate between the zone of aeration and zone of saturation.

7M

b) Discuss briefly regarding the following and also explain their inter-relationship: i. Porosity ii. Specific yield iii. Specific retention

8M

2. a) Define aquifer. Explain briefly the various types of aquifers based on the geological formation.

7M

b) Define the following terms: i. Hydraulic conductivity ii. Transmissibility iii. Storage coefficient iv. Apparent velocity

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Derive the ground water movement governing equations. 8M b) It was observed in a field test that 4 hours was required for a tracer to from one well to

another well which was 25m apart, and the difference in their water surface elevation was 0.8m. Samples of the aquifer between the wells indicated a porosity of 15%. Determine the permeability of the aquifer and seepage velocity.

7M

4. a) State Darcy’s law and arrive at the equation with the help of a neat sketch. 7M b) A 30cm diameter well completely penetrates a confined aquifer of permeability

30 m/day. The length of the strainer is 25m. Under steady state of pumping the drawdown data the well was found to be 4 m and the radius of influence was 400 m. calculate the discharge. For the same conditions, if the diameter of the well was 45 cm, determine the discharge.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Illustrate any one of the recording type rain gauge with the help of a neat sketch. 5M b) An infiltration test on a ring with 35cm diameter yielded the following data:

Time since start in Minutes

0 2 5 10 20 30 60 90 150 210

Cumulative volume of water added in cm

3

0 278 658 1173 1924 2500 3345 3875 4595 5315

i. Determine the infiltration capacity rates for the time intervals in the experiment ii. What is the initial and ultimate infiltration capacity rate iii. What is the average infiltration capacity for the first 10 minutes and first 30 minutes

of the experiment

10M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

6. a) With the help of a neat diagram explain the various components of runoff. 5M b) Thiessen polygon constructed for a network of 10 rain gauges in a river basin yielded

Thiessen weights of 0.10, 0.16, 0.12, 0.11, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.11, 0.06 and 0.10. If the rainfall recorded for these gauges during a cyclonic storm are 132, 114, 162, 138, 207, 156, 135, 158, 168 and 150mm respectively. Determine the average depth of rainfall by Thiessen mean and Arithmetic mean methods. Also estimate volume of surface runoff at the basin outlet using both the methods if 35% of rainfall is lost as infiltration. Take the area of basin as 5800 km2 and express your answer in million cubic meters.

10M

Unit – IV

7. a) What is unit hydrograph? State assumptions and the limitations of unit hydrograph? 7M b) Two storms each of 6 h duration and having rainfall excess values of 3.0 cm and 2.0 cm

respectively occur successfully. The 2 cm ER rain follows the 3 cm rain. The 6 h unit hydrograph for the catchment is given below. Calculate the resulting DRH and plot the same.

Time (h) 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 69

UH ordinate (m3/s) 0 25 50 85 125 160 185 160 110 60 36 25 16 8 0

8M

8. a) With the help of a neat sketch explain the various methods available for the separation of base flow.

5M

b) Given the ordinates of a 4h unit hydrograph as below derive the ordinates of a 12h unit hydrograph for the same catchment using S-curve method. Also plot the 12 h UH.

Time (h) 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44

Ordinate of 4h UH 0 20 80 130 150 130 90 52 27 15 5 0

10M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain unsteady radial flow into confined aquifer equations and Jacob-Cooper method for determination of formation constants.

9M

b) During recuperation test conducted on an open well in a region, water level in then well was depressed by 3 m and it was observed to rise by 1.75m in 75minutes. What is the specific yield of open wells in that region? What could be the yield from a well of 5 m diameter under a depression head of 2.5 m? What should be the diameter of the well to give yield of 12 lit/s under a depression head of 2.0 m?

6M

10. a) Describe the recovery test to estimate the transmissibility of a confined aquifer. 5M

b) A pumping test was carried out on a new irrigation bore well penetrating fully into a confined aquifer at a rate of 22lit/s. the drawdown measured in an observation well located at 45.7 m from the pumping well during the test is as given below. Determine T and S of the aquifer, using Cooper-Jacob method.

Time t (h) 0.5 1.8 2.7 5.4 9.0 12.0 18.0 30.0 54.0

Drawdown s (m) 0.091 0.294 0.382 0.55 0.701 0.785 0.911 1.06 1.24

10M




AIR POLLUTION AND CONTROL (Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Discuss the classification and sources of gaseous pollutants in atmosphere. 8M b) Enumerate the harmful effects of the following parameters on health:

i. SO2 ii. Oxides of nitrogen iii. Particulates

7M

2. a) Give the composition of clean dry air and explain the methods of identifying air pollution. 8M b) Explain the formation of acid rain. Discuss the effects of acid rain on environment.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Write about removal of sulfur by a few methods of flue gas deslufrization process and removal of Sulphur after Combustion–FGD.

7M

b) Write notes on air-fuel ratio.

8M

4. a) Discuss about air pollution emission plume behaviors with sketches. 7M b) Discuss about dispersion of air pollutants in troposphere.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) With neat sketches explain different types of inversions in the atmosphere. 7M b) Write elaborately on atmospheric dispersion modeling and its uses.

8M

6. a) Describe vapor pressure as a property of atmosphere. 7M b) What is a wind rose and write the features of wind rose.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Discuss briefly different methods of pollution control technologies for oxides of sulphur. 8M b) Explain about electrostatic precipitator and give the applications of ESP.

7M

8. a) Explain the operational problems of fabric filter and suggest remedial measures. 8M b) Sketch a cyclone. Discuss its advantages and disadvantages for particulate control.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) What are air quality standards? Explain types of air quality standards. 7M b) Write a neat labeled diagram of High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) utilized for monitoring

total suspended particulates and give a general description and operation of HVAS.

8M

10. a) Highlight the genesis of Indian Laws on Air pollution and refer Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.

7M

b) What is the role and functions of Central Pollution Control Board with respect to air pollution?

8M




INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (Common for All Branches)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain why the International Organization, Agencies and Treaties were established. Give any three International agreements and Treaties that affect Intellectual property.

9M

b) Distinguish between Trademark and Trade secrets.

6M

2. a) Discuss whether the following items would be protectable as trademarks, copyrights, patents or trade secrets: i. ‘Freeze You’ as the name of a new type of ice cream ii. A company’s plans for its future business operations and possible mergers iii. A new type of rose iv. A new slogan to be used by Burger King v. A new novel by Toni Morrison

7M

b) Explain the reasons for increasing importance for Intellectual Property Rights.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Discuss the method of protecting the prior-used trademarks in the system of acquisition through registration.

7M

b) “Trademark includes protectable matter”. Explain. Discuss any three Protectable matters in detail.

8M

4. a) Discuss new developments in Trademark Law. How do you avoid cyberspace trademark issues?

8M

b) Describe the Procedure for transfer of ownership in Trademarks.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain the procedure for filing the application and registration of copyright. 8M b) Discuss about new developments in copyright law. What are they?

7M

6. a) Define Patentability. Explain the utility of patents. 8M b) Discuss about “The rights to perform the work publicly”.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Discuss Misappropriation in Trade Secrets and how the Right of Publicity help in Misappropriation.

8M

b) Discuss whether the new Developments in the Right of Publicity is necessary, if so in what way.

7M

8. a) Discuss about the regulations taken by the Federal Trade Commission. 8M b) Describe methods for defending secret Misappropriation.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) How do you protect a domain name? Explain the precautionary steps to be taken for protecting domain name in Trademark.

8M

b) Explain how the cyber crime can control in Trademark.

7M

10. a) Describe about Geographical Indication. How Geographical Indications can be protected?

7M

b) Discuss about Biotechnology Research and Intellectual Property Rights Management. 8M

Date post:	11-Mar-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	3 times
Download:	0 times

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING · 2018-12-10 · 5. a) A Explain different mechanisms of...

Documents