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VCWASH Cluster – Emergency Training

Vector ControlModule 2A

Fly borne diseases

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VCWASH Cluster – Emergency Training

African Trypanosomiasis Sleeping Sickness

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VCWASH Cluster – Emergency Training

Areas Infested by tsetse flyAreas Infested by tsetse fly

Distribution of sleeping sicknessDistribution of sleeping sickness

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VCWASH Cluster – Emergency Training

Sleeping sickness symptoms

• 1st stage : bouts of fever, headaches, joint pains and itching

• 2nd stage , neurological phase, parasite crosses the blood-brain barrier and invades the central nervous system

• Long slow disease development over months and years

• Treatment difficult and limited choice• 100% fatal if untreated

5VC2A

VCWASH Cluster – Emergency Training

ControlEffectiveness of traps:

1. Tsetse reproduction is very inefficient

2. They normally bite people at water collection sites in the day

3. They are easily attracted by blue and black

4. Cow odour on traps increases the attraction

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VCWASH Cluster – Emergency Training

Onchocerciasis (River blindness)

Blackfly

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VCWASH Cluster – Emergency Training

18 million persons infected99% Africa

Endemic in 29 African countries

120 million persons at risk

250 million blind from infection

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VCWASH Cluster – Emergency Training

Symptoms

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VCWASH Cluster – Emergency Training

Treatment

Single dose of Invermectin annually

See the module on Laviciding

Blackfly Control

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VCWASH Cluster – Emergency Training

Non biting fliesMechanical vector for diarrhoea, shigellosis, dysentery, typhoid, intestinal worm eggs.

Houseflies are common in camps and damaged villages

Lay their eggs in rotting material

Carry disease causing pathogens

Mechanical vector for diarrhoea, shigellosis, cholera, typhoid, intestinal worm eggs.

Carry virus and bacteria picked up from rotting corpses and excreta

Musca domestica

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VCWASH Cluster – Emergency Training

Flies • Bite only in the day time when they can detect

their host, attracted by odour, CO2 and also by colours. UNHCR plastic sheeting BLUE is the strongest attractant colour. This can be used to help control them.

• Flies are generally mechanical vectors and do not rest in any particular place. Control at this stage of behavior is not effective.

VC2A

VCWASH Cluster – Emergency Training

– Reduce breeding sites – bury excreta, cover/burn waste

– Hygiene promotion for personal hygiene

– Fly screens – particularly for medical/food preparation areas

– Fly traps – simple to make, environmentally safe

Simple fly trapSource: UNHCR,1997.

Flies: Environmental control