Veganuary

Grace kennedy

Veganism http://www.vegan.com/what/

‘Veganism is life style’

‘Majority of any animal use associated with your life has to do with your life choices’

Summary:I did find out that veganism is more than I thought it was. I thought that veganism was a diet, which meant you couldn't’t eat any meat or dairy. However from researching what veganism means I have found that it is more than a diet, it is a life style. Being vegan is about life choices, not just what you choose to eat. Veganism excludes a person from consuming or using animal products.

http://vegetarian.about.com/od/glossary/g/Vegan.htmAbout 29/3/16

‘Veganism is a type of vegetarian diet that excludes meat, eggs, dairy products and all other animal-derived ingredients’

Veganism (numbers and general)

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/food-and-drink/news/number-of-vegans-in-britain-rises-by-360-in-10-years/

‘the number of vegans in Britain has risen by more than 360 per cent the past decade’

I found this on the telegraph ,written by Sue Quinn on 18th may 2016. so the source is pretty resent.

Summary: This shows that people have become more aware of the reality of what is happening to the animals so people have taken the life style change. People may have changed due to the supposed health benefits.

‘Vegans typically have lower levels of cholesterol and blood pressure, a lower body mass index, and reduced risk of death from heart disease and cancer.’

‘Up from 150,000 in 2006’

‘more people than ever are now acting upon the health and environmental benefits of veganism and finding out what really goes on in the meat and dairy industries and deciding they do not want to contribute to the pain and suffering of animals’- Jasmijn de boo, chief executive officer of The vegan society.

‘a vegan diet excludes meat ,seafood and dairy, as well other foods produced using animals’

‘Increasing number of high street restaurants and cafes now offer vegan options’

‘Consumers become more savvy about the reality of the farming industry’ – Vegan Life magazine’s Keith Coomber

Vegan research

These are 10 facts I found which are related to veganism, on theflamingvegan.com. These facts range from about vegan things themselves or disturbing facts which would encourage you to go vegan. The article was written april 10,2014.

http://www.theflamingvegan.com/view-post/Once-You-Go-Vegan-You-Never-Go-Back-Top-Ten-Vegan-Facts

‘Every hour in the united states 500,000 animals are killed for their meat’

This fact will shock meat eaters because this will mean 12 million animals will die in the use a day.

Vegans ‘tend to display lower blood cholesterol’ and blood pressure.

According to American dietetic association I do trust this because this company has been around 100 years. When the date was found is unknown however.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Nutrition_and_Dietetics

Vegan diet

http://veganoutreach.org/what-to-eat/

There are quite a few in the listed foods which is surprising, like pancakes and ice cream (non diary) showing that vegans can still eat some of the same things as carnivore/omnivore but will contain different things.

Vegan diet

http://veganoutreach.org/what-to-eat/‘many people find themselves with a more diverse diet after becoming vegan’

Summary:I found information about the vegan diet on vegan outreach.org. It features a list of things a vegan may eat in their day to day lives.

‘Experimenting with new foods’

I think that this is interesting because I think when people have a carnivore diet, where they can eat just about anything they tend to stick to the same foods. People may not think of try tofu or vegan nutritional bars.

People are likely not to eat the same food once turning vegan so it will encourage you try things you haven’t tried before.

Health benefits‘Vegan diet tend to behigher in fibre, which Decreases the risk of Colorectal cancer’

‘Vegan are leaner ,have lower BMI’s and have lower percentages of body fat’

‘Vegan even have a reduced risk of prostate cancer’

‘Vegans also tend to eat seven or More pieces of fruit and vegetable per day.’

https://www.vegansociety.com/go-vegan/health ‘Some vegans experience increased energy, clearer

skin, reduced allergy syptoms, stronger hair and nails ,and relief from the pain of migraines and PMS’

Summary:There seems to be a lot of health benefits that come with veganism, if they are completely true or not is another thing. However I know that food like meat and dairy can be high in fat, saturated fat, salt and sugar, so taking those products out of your diet is likely to reduce the risks of things and result in a healthier diet .

Vegan food benefits vs other food

Vegan milk1 L£1.00The values per 200ml:Kcal-78 cal Fat-3.6gSaturates-0.6gSugars-5g Salt-0.12g

http://www.tesco.com/groceries/product/details/?id=254656543 http://www.tesco.com/groceries/product/details/?id=262085221 http://www.tesco.com/groceries/product/details/?id=254656399

Dairy milk (semi skimmed) 2.272 L£1.00

The values per 200ml:Kcal-100 calFat -3.6gSaturates-2.2g Sugars-9.6g Salt-0.2g

Dairy milk (full fat)2.272L£1.00

The values per 200ml:Kcal-128 kcalFat-7.2gSaturates-4.6g Sugars-9.4gSalt-0.3g

Summary:

https://groceries.asda.com/product/sausages-burgers/linda-mccartney-meat-free-6-red-onion-rosemary-sausages/910000482612https://groceries.asda.com/product/extra-special-sausages/asda-extra-special-6-pork-sausages/910001308704

Vegan meat free sausages 6 pack£1.50 (£5.00/kg)

The values per 2 sausages grilled 132 kcal Fat-3.2gSaturates- 0.3g Sugars- 3.3g Salt -1.4g

Pork sausages (£5.62/kg)6 pack£2.25Values per 2 sausages grilled 295 kcalFat-25gSaturates-8.8gSugars-0.8gSalt- 1.6g

The price points on the sausages are pretty similar with a difference of 62p per kg, which isn’t a massive difference. The the calories per 2 vegan sausage are 132,however the calories of the pork sausages are 295 kcal.

Veganism in supermarketshttp://www.tesco.com/groceries/zones/default.aspx?name=freefrom

http://www.sainsburys.co.uk/shop/gb/groceries/food-cupboard/foodcupboard-freefrom

Summary: I wanted to see want vegan good the supermarkets had. I found both sainburys and tesco had a freeform page, which may apply to vegans.i searched ‘vegan’ in both their search bars and quorns products came up,vegan flapjack bars and vegan cheese came up.showing that markets do cater for the vegan lifestyle.

The price is 2.00 -2.75 it appears for different vegan products, which isn’t too bad considering a pack of chicken may be the same price.

Meat industry https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/aug/28/fsa-4000-breaches-animal-welfare-laws-uk-abattoirs-two-years

Food standards agency reveals how regular breakdowns on production lines, equipment failures and poor procedures in abattoirs results in thousands of animals being subjected to avoidable suffering each year.

Chickens being boiled alive and trucks of animals suffocating or freezing to death.

More than 4000 severe breaches of animals welfare regulations over the past two year at British slaughter houses.

‘Acts of cruelty and neglect by slaughterhouse staff, hauliers and farmers’Increases the risk of food poisoning.

Between april 2011 and july 2014 there were 6,859 reported incidents in all categories

Vets and meat hygiene inspectors working for the FSA inside abattoirs reported a total of 9,511 animal welfare breaches between july 2014 and june 2016.

Records were classified into three categories according to severity

An abattoir worker beating three bulls with a wooden stick and electric prod A haulier hitting and kicking cattle during

unloading.In one case 574 chickens,from 6,072 birds, died after being left on a lorry in very hot condition.

Practices that could facilitate the spread of bacteria campylobactor, the most common cause of food poisoning in the UK.

Almost 600 instances were recorded of animals arriving at slaughterhouses dead.

Chickens and pigs being immersed in tanks of scalding hot water-used to soften the skin and remove hair or feathers- while still alive.

Birds were left in crates at the abattoir for 20 hours.

Meat industry

900 million farm animals are killed for food each year in Britain

There are 317 approved slaughter houses across the uk.

Over the course of the two years, two slaughters’ licenses were suspended and three were revoked for failure to comply with welfare legislation.

http://www.animalaid.org.uk/h/n/CAMPAIGNS/slaughter/ALL///

Dairy industryhttp://www.veganpeace.com/animal_cruelty/dairy.htm

‘A dairy cow is impregnated every year, so she continues to produce a steady supply of milk’‘Done through artificial insemination’

Calves are removed from their mothers either right way or 3 days after birth.

Cows are genetically engineered and fed growth hormones to force them to produce more milk.

Most cows in the dairy industry are given growth hormones, causing their udders to become unnaturally big and heavy.

Given ‘Bovine growth hormone’

The average modern dairy cow will produce about 100 pounds of milk per day, which is 10 times more than she would naturally produce

http://www.peta.org/living/food/five-misconceptions-milk-dairy-industry/

http://freefromharm.org/dairyfacts/

The life of a dairy cow A cow produces the most milk around 40 to 60 days after she’s given birth.

She’s then impregnated again … and stops producing at about 305 days after calving.A month later she will have given birth again and a new cycle will begin.

Some cows are kept for ten cycles, but the large majority of dairy are slaughtered after only 3 or 4 cycles.

Most calves are fed a commercial milk replacerFemale cows will be raised as dairy cows and male calves will be raised and slaughter for meat.

some are ‘killed for beef ,but some will end up in the veal industry’

‘Veal calves are confined in crates measuring about two feet wide’

Restrained by the chains around their necks

After about 16 weeks the ‘calves are slaughtered and their meat is labeled as “white” veal.“bob” veal comes from calves who are slaughtered when they are only a few hours or days old.

‘Even at organic dairy farms, cows are kept constantly pregnant, calves are removed from their mothers and male calves are turned into beef or veal’

Veal calves

What happens to a dairy cow?

What happens to the calves?

Growth hormones (cows)http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/ProductSafetyInformation/ucm055435.htmb

Dairy industry (chickens)http://freefromharm.org/eggs-what-are-you-really-eating/ February 12, 2014

http://freefromharm.org/why-vegan/#animals

http://kb.rspca.org.au/What-happens-with-male-chicks-in-the-egg-industry_100.html October 4th 2016

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3466633/The-video-meat-industry-doesn-t-want-Secret-footage-hatchery-shows-baby-chicks-killed-tossed-black-bin-liners-processed-assembly-line-like-dead.html

‘Hens used for eggs are slaughtered at 18 to 24 months of age when their production declines’

Wild hens lay only 12 to 20 eggs per year.

‘Domesticated chickens have been genetically manipulated to produce between 250 and 300 eggs annually’

‘Confined in cages so small they cannot even spread their wings’

Most hens used for eggs have a portion of their beaks painfully cut off to prevent nervous pecking in overcrowded conditions.

6 million male chicks are destroyed every year by being suffocated or ground up alive.

‘Male chicks are considered an wanted by-product of egg production and are killed and disposed of shortly after birth’

Male chicks are killed for two reasons: they cannot lay eggs and they are not suitable for chicken-meat production.

The newborn chickens pass down a production line to be sexed and sorted.

Sick or weak female chicks and all male chicks are separated from the healthy male chicks and then killed.

Destroyed promptly by a recommended humane method such as carbon dioxide gassing or quick macercation.

Gassing ‘may take up to two minutes for the chick to die.

Products made using animal productshttp://www.vegan.com/animal-ingredients/ www.vegan.com http://www.peta.org/living/beauty/animal-ingredients-list/

Summary:This is interesting because it shows that there is a lot of products,you wouldn’t think of that were made using animal product e.g estrogen tablets.

Mink farming ‘275 mink farms in 23 states in the USA’

http://furcommission.com/mink-farming-2/

2015 : ‘sale this year increased by 6 percent to 3.76 million pelts’

Mink farming (eye lashes)https://lillylashes.com/collections/3d-mink

https://www.thedodo.com/community/mandy_carter/ethical-mink-fur-eyelashes-1070418468.html

‘No kind of mink farm where they are allowed to roam free’

‘Kept in dirty, wired cages is awful for them’

‘Life on a fur farm farm is nothing short of horrific’

These mink lashes retail for almost $30 dollars so it is a very expensive trade and one worth a lot of money.

Mink eyelashes

http://falseeyelashes.co.uk/collections/total-minks-lashes

‘100% cruelty-free’

‘Fur comes from live, it’s brushed off each animal without harming them’

Summary: Some websites like flase eyelashes.co.uk do specify that certain types of mink lashes do not harm the animals. Despite this, they get the fur from the animal regularly they will likely be kept in cages (like my previous research shows). This shows that being a vegan is making choices far beyond their diet ,to not contribute to the mistreatment of animals ,like mink farming.

Furhttp://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-clothing/fur/ Peta: the fur industry

‘Took away a life’

‘animals on fur farms spend their entire lives confined to cramped, filthy wire cages’‘Fur farmers use the cheapest and cruelest killing methods available’

‘Millions of dogs and cats are bludgeoned, hanged, bled to death’

‘Skinned alive for their fur’

‘Tens of thousands of baby harp seals are shot or repeatedly bludgeoned with clubs’

Black bears ‘suffer for days so that their skins can be used to make the ceremonial hats’

‘Cruelty-free fabrics and faux furs are available in stores everywhere’

Summary:From this information it seems like the fur industry is horrific. 8

‘Animals ,who are trapped in the wild ,can suffer for days from blood loss, shock, dehydration, frostbite, gangrene, and attacks by predators. They may be caught in steel-jaw traps that slam down on their legs, often cutting to the bone’

Fur

http://www.mytheresa.com/en-gb/clothing/fur/coats.html?gclid=CMWatriB1c8CFcsp0wodNX4CFw

Make up/animal testing

http://www.crueltyfreekitty.com/companies-that-test-on-animals/http://www.crueltyfreekitty.com/ultimate-guide-to-cruelty-free-makeup/ http://www.peta.org.uk/issues/animals-not-experiment-on/cosmetics/ http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/animals-laboratories/

Leather

‘Most leather is sourced from cows’‘belts and handbags, to furniture and car seats, leather is found everywhere’Much of the leather sold comes from animals killed primarily for their skins Leather is not a byproduct and it is not produced in efforts to minize waste ‘The majority of leather comes from india’

‘A cow’s skin is approximately 10% of her total value’

http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-clothing/leather-industry/global-leather-trade/

http://www.care2.com/causes/the-shocking-truth-about-leather-no-its-not-a-meat-byproduct.html

‘It’s not only cows that are suffering though. Goats, pigs, sheep, lambs, horses, deer, kangaroos, snakes, alligators and elephants are also all among the victims of the leather industry’

Every year, the global leather industry slaughters more than a billion animals

‘an estimated 2 million cats and dogs are killed there annually for their skins’ china

Intelligence/personalityCows ‘mourn the deaths of and even separation from those they love, even shedding tears over their loss. The mother-calf bond is particularly strong, and there are countless reports of mother cows who continue to frantically call and search for their babies after the calves have been taken away and sold to veal or beef farms’

Veganuary (infographics)‘a cow would naturally live 15-20 years, because of the health toll of constant pregnancies and milk production, the lifespan of a dairy cow is only five to seven years’

‘Rabbits are housed in sheds of between 500 to 1,000 for breeding females or 10,000 to 20,000 for growing rabbits’

These overcrowded living conditions can lead to bone disorders, aggression and fighting

At slaughter weight, turkeys are now four times the size of their wild ancestors.

The turkeys’ skeletal systems struggle to support their unnatural weight and increasing pressure is put on their hearts and lungs.Around 17 million turkeys are slaughtered in the UK each year, with an estimate of 10 million being produced for the Christmas market alone.Most turkeys are reared in large windowless sheds with dimmed lighting to prevent aggression amongst flocks, such as feather pecking and even cannibalism.

Ducks/pigs (veganuary)

Foie gras ‘Up to three times a day, a tube is pushed down their throats and food is forced into their stomachs. This causes their livers to swell up to ten times their natural size.’

Its production is not legal here in the UK, but the sale of imported foie gras is still permittedFemales ducks : ‘The females are a considered a ‘by-product’ by this industry, just like male chicks in the egg industry and male calves in dairy production’

‘in general these birds are raised in overcrowded sheds where up to 13,000 ducks can be housed’

Approximately 20 million ducks are slaughtered in the UK every year.

There are around nine million pigs slaughtered each year in the UK.

Fishes/sheep ‘Fish are packed into unnatural small enclosures where overcrowded conditions cause a third of them to die from disease. In this stressful environment, many fish will bite off the fins, tails, and eyes of other fish’Netting can capture tens of thousands of fish at one time. The fish become exhausted as they desperately try to outswim the net.

Large-scale commercial fishing kills vast amounts of fish and also destroys many ocean habitats.

‘estimated the annual global capture of wild fish at one trillion (1,000,000,000,000) and possibly as high as 2.7 trillion (2,700,000,000,000). ‘when compared to the estimate of 70 billion land animals killed each year for human consumption.’

Naturally, ewes would give birth to a single lamb. However, through human manipulation, many sheep are now selectively breed to produce two or three lambs, which is intended to increase the industry’s profitability.

Lambs/sheep

Environment (veganuary) • 30% of the earth’s entire surface is used to

graze and rear animals• 33% of global arable land is used to grow

crops to feed animals

They have identified 169 marine areas as “dead zones” as of 2008. This has increased from 44 areas in 1995.

Health (veganuary) ‘Nearly 50% of antibiotics used in the UK are used in animal agriculture, and in the USA this figure is a staggering 80%’

‘Antibiotics are fed to farmed animals to offset the disease risks posed by overcrowding, stressful conditions, early weaning and maximizing production. These are given regardless of whether the animal is infected or not’

“Campylobacter is the most common cause of food poisoning in the UK. It is considered to be responsible for about 460,000 cases of food poisoning, 22,000 hospitalizations and 110 deaths each year [in the UK].”

Studies conducted on vegans show that the average cholesterol levels of western vegans are 4.15mmols/l, and those of non-vegans is 25% higher at 5.17mmols/l.

In 2012, a cross sectional study in Public Health Nutrition compared the blood pressure of non-vegetarians, semi vegetarians, pescatarians, and vegans. The results showed that vegans had the lowest risk for high blood pressure. It also showed that for each step in diet change, reducing animal products eventually to zero (vegan), resulted in a lower risk for high blood pressure.

If current increases continue, it is estimated that by 2025, 5 million people in the UK will have diabetes.

In 2009, a study in Diabetes Care, on over 60,000 individuals, looked at the levels of obesity amongst vegans, vegetarians, pescatarians, semi-vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Weight was measured as ‘Body Mass Index’ (BMI, BMI = weight in kg, divided by your height in metres squared). A healthy BMI is considered to be 20-25, 25-30 is overweight, and over 30 is obese. The results were as follows:

Primary research I have made a a questnaire with questions which I think will help me out whenWriting my article.

Most of the people which took my survey were female. Nearly 67% were female, whereas over 33% were male. I think it would have been nice to have more male responses but I'm glad managed to gain the opinions of both genders.

The majority of people who took my survey was between 0-20 years of age. Over 90% of people who took my survey were 0-20,nearly 5% were aged 21-40 and the other nearly 5% were over 41. I would of liked to have gained more responses from a range of different age groups but it is good that I do have at least one person in each category.

Question 3

For question 3,I asked my audience ‘what do you think veganism means?’. 2 people skipped this question but I still managed to gain 19 responses, which is really good. Most people had the right idea about veganism but some still thought that it was just about not eating certain foods. The majority of people mentioned that it was the exclusion of consuming or using animals products ,which is the correct, for example one response said ‘A lifestyle based on a diet based on ethical, philosophical and health conscious choices in which you do not consume or use any animal products’. This show me that people, especially young people are becoming more aware of veganism and what it means to be a vegan. However a small number of people who took my survey didn't’t know exactly what veganism meant. Some people thought it was not having meat or meat or dairy in your diet, for example someone wrote ‘A person having no meat, fish and dairy in their diet’. This answers is partially correct as vegans are not allowed to eat those foods, however veganism is more than a diet ,it is a lifestyle which doesn't’t involve products. This shows me that some don’t exactly know what being a vegan really means but they have some knowledge on the subject ,which is good. People may need to be made more aware of what veganism is.

Question 4

I asked my audience ‘are you a vegan yourself?. The vast majority of people who took my survey were not a vegan. Nearly 10% of people were a vegan and over 90% were not a vegan. This shows that there isn’t a large amount of vegans compared to people who use and eat animal products. I would of liked to gain more vegan responses however I'm glad I've managed to gain a 2 vegans opinions. It will be interesting to see how the responses are different between the vegans and non vegans.

Question 5For question 5 I asked the vegans why did they choose the vegan lifestyle and I asked the non-vegans ,would they consider being a vegan one in the future. Most people answered this question ,which is good, however 3 people skipped this question.

The majority of non-vegans asked said no they wouldn’t consider change for a vegan diet. For example ,one response stated ‘no, I enjoy meat’ and there are responses I received similar to this. This tells me that people do like meat so turning vegan will means they can’t eat foods that they enjoy ,like meat and cheese.

Some people were more conscious about not going vegan because they were worried about a vegan diet lacking nutrition. For example one person typed ‘I think meats and dairy give us too much nutrition to take it out of my life’. This shows me that some people are concerned that taking out products, like meat and dairy, will resulting them lacking nutrition. This may not be true however it is easy to gain protein for example from meat and dairy ,so being vegan will result in you finding others ways to get the nutrition you need. I think maybe I should create something that shows non-vegans that you can get the nutrition from other sources ,than meat and dairy.

A few non vegans, who took my survey, said they would consider being vegan. One response stated ‘Yes, because I want to help as much as I can towards the environment and animals’. Another said ‘the health benefits appeal to me’. This shows me that a non-vegan is likely to consider turning a vegan because of ethical reason (such as animals), Eco reasons (for the environment) and health benefits. I think do care about the things going on in the world enough to consider changing, however it is a matter of whether they can follow it through.

One vegan response states they do ‘not agree that it is ethically correct to take animals life for the sake of a snack/meal’. This is interesting to have the opinion of a vegan on why they changed. This shows me that this persons reasons for changing were because of ethical reasons and that they think it is wrong to kill an animal for food. Other vegans may have changed for the same reason.

Question 6For question 6, I asked the non-vegans what would be stopping them from going vegan. The majority of people mentioned about meat and some mentioned cheese. One person wrote that they ‘couldn’t go without meat, cheese, milk or eggs’. This shows me that people would miss foods like meat and eggs if they went vegan.

Some people were more thinking about the lifestyle change that veganism would bring. One response stated ‘it’s expensive and my family wouldn’t do it as they like meat and dairy too much’. This show me that this person is worried about a vegan diet creating an more expensive lifestyle and that this person’s family wouldn't’t make the change. This tells me that people may be worried that turning vegan will cost much more than living a non-vegan lifestyle, but that isn’t the case all the time. It’s also suggests, especially in younger people ,that is harder to turn vegan if your family are non-vegan as you will be eating and living a different lifestyle to them.

From doing this question I have realized that people that the main thing stopping people from turning vegan is food, they enjoy the non-vegan food they eat. Maybe I need to show them vegan foods that are nice, what they could eat in place of meat and milk ,for example.The next thing stopping them is cost and their family’s lifestyle. I could compare the cost of vegan foods to non vegan foods to show people if it is more expensive or not. I understand that people follow their families diet but a person could make the change themselves to follow a vegan diet and hopefully their family will support them.

Mind map for the multiple page article

I have picked 5 potential ideas which I could write about for my double page spread. I chose 3 ideas which focused on a specific part of veganism-the diet, cruelty (meat and dairy) and cruelty (beauty and fashion). My other two ideas were more general: ‘5 reasons why being a vegan is a good idea’ and ‘questions a person may asking about turning vegan’. For any of these ideas, I will need to do more research in detail.

Mood board

Front cover and back page planVeganuary front page ideas- Graphic of the world- Graphics of animals surrounding

it - Graphic of things surrounding it

like the environment water and plants (tree)

- Colours green,blue, orange,

I created this using graphic in photoshop and graphics that I found on the internet. When creating my actual front cover I will produce graphic myself to avoid copyright.

Multi-page spread (3/4 pages) -Fashion and food article-images: Baby chickBaby cows Fur coatLeather shoes- colours:Orange and green

Infographic 1

Life span of animals

- A heart in the center of the page-mention of animals PigsCows Ducks