Katsuhiko HIROSEToyota Motor Corporation
Vehicle Innovation Bring Regional Community into the new Age
Fuel Cell Vehicle and Hydrogen Move to the 2015 Introduction
Global/Local Innovations for next Generation Automobile
22
Will be launched in limited areas in Japan, North America, and Europe wherethe hydrogen infrastructure is expected to be readied In Japan, start introduction from the four largest urban areas(Tokyo region, Chukyo region, Kansai region, and Fukuoka region)
Set an affordable price
Aiming to introduce tens of thousands in the 2020s,when FCVs are expected to become widely used
Launch of sedan type FCV around 2015
3
4
5
6
77Concept Vehicle at '13 Tokyo Motor ShowConcept Vehicle at '13 Tokyo Motor Show
Toyota FCV Concept
88
Hydrogen is a strong candidate of energy for vehicles in the future.
TOYOTA will start selling sedan type FCVs around 2015.- In Japan, starting at first in four major metropolitan areas where
infrastructure deployment is expected- At a reasonable and affordable vehicle price for customers
TOYOTA promotes further cost reduction to expand FCV commercialization after 2020.
Toyota FCV Concept at Tokyo Motor Show 2013
Toyota’s Future Plan for FCVs
99
Technology Review- Reduction of System Cost
1010FCV: Development statusNew FC stack
High-pressure hydrogen tank
Power density has been more than doubled
Achieved the world’s highest level of 3.0 kW/L
Reduced FC system size
World’s highestWorld’s highest
Decrease in number of tanks per vehicle from four to two
Re-examination of materials used and manufacturing process
Reduced costs
Great progress made in performance improvement and cost reduction, aimed at mainstream useGreat progress made in performance improvement and cost reduction, aimed at mainstream use
51
Allowing under-seat layout to be realized
1111
Limited release phase Initial phase of
market penetration
Massproduction
1/20 or less(2015)
FC s
yste
m c
ost
Overcoming technical challenges
FCHV-adv
Economies of scale
Design, material and production technologies
Reducing costs
Further cost reduction
FCV System Cost Reduction
Growth phase of market
penetration
We are focusing on achieving 1/20 cost reduction of FC system compared with the current FCHV-adv toward commercialization start.
1212FCHV System Components
MotorMotor BatteryBatteryHybrid TechnologyHybrid Technology
Power control unit
Power control unit
High pressurehydrogen
tank
High pressurehydrogen
tank
TOYOTA FC
Stack
TOYOTA FC
Stack Fuel Cell System TechnologyFuel Cell System Technology
TOYOTA FCHV is an integration of fuel cell system technology and hybrid technology.
1313FCHV System DiagramFCHV System Diagram
System Diagram of Toyota FCHV-adv ('08MY)
1414
I. Elimination/Reduction
of components
1/20 of FC system cost reduction
Strategies for Cost Reduction
• Elimination of humidification module• Reduction in the number of tanks
• Review of structure of FC stack, high-pressure hydrogen tank, etc.
• Utilization of low price mass-produced components for hybrid vehicles, etc.
• High speed electrolyte membrane handling (MEA)• Automated cell stacking• High speed tank winding
• Increase in the FC Stack output density => Downsizing and enhancing performance
• Reduction in the Pt catalyst usage (FC Stack)
• Reduction in the carbon fiber usage for high-pressure tanks and its cost
II. Use of mass-produced components
III. Simplification of component structure
IV. Reduction of material cost
V. Improvement of production methods
1515
EV
FCV
FCV優位
EV優位
System
cost
Cruising range
FCV advantages
FCV system’s cost increase over long cruising rangesis rather small Has advantages in mid-to-long rangesFCV system’s cost increase over long cruising rangesis rather small Has advantages in mid-to-long ranges
EV advantages
EV-FCV comparison
16
Direction of Vehicle Development
1717
Ensure a rewarding experience through products, sales, and,
service
Products that inspire customer enthusiasm
Moving peopleEarth-conscious
Deploy leading edge technologies in a growing
range of models with respect for the planet and people
SafetyContinue to provide world-class safety
Safest and most responsible ways of moving people
Toyota Global Vision
18
Increasing CO2 emissions (global warming)
Concern over future oil supply
Increase in number of vehicles
Surge in fossil fuel consumption
Increasing air pollution
Growth of global industry and technology in the 20th century
18State of the automobile
19
Eco-cars can contribute to environmental protection when they are widely used
Energy conservation
Fuel diversification
19Toyota’s fundamental approach
20
Primary energy sources
Automotivefuels Powertrains
Oil
Natural gas
Coal
Plants
Uranium
Hydro, solar,geothermal electricity
generation
Gaseous fuels
Synthetic fuels
Biofuels
Electricity
Hydrogen
Diesel
Gasoline Conventional vehicles
and hybrid vehicles
EV
FCV
PHV
20Fundam
ental technologies
Next-generation technologies
Diversification of automobile fuels and powertrains
2121
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1997 1999 2001 2009 20112003 2005 2007
3M
2M
1M
4M
Accum
ulated
117M 27M 18 M 14M
Num
bers
10K
）
500
計
2013年9月末現在(年)
120
140
550
2013
60011 M
5M
Vehicle
It takes long time to populateand change
22
EV
PHV
FCV
HV
Hybrid technology is core technology applicable to all alternative powertrains.
MotorBattery
Engine Fuel tank
Motor
Battery
Fuel tank
Engine
Fuel tank
Engine
Motor
Battery
Hydrogen tank
FC stack
MotorBattery
Technology against Energy / Environmental Issue
23Potential of Various Technologies
0
50
100
150
200Internal combustion engine – gasoline2
Internal combustion engine – diesel2
2010
2050
Low emissions and high range2050
Plug-in hybrid Electric Vehicle
2050
2010
2010
2010
2050
CO2 emissions well-to-wheel, g CO2/km
Range, km1,6001,4001,2001,0008006004002000
1 According to the Integrated Energy and Climate Program; 21% compared to 19902 Range for 2050 based on fuel-economy improvement (constant tank size assumed); assumed 6% CO2 reduction due to biofuels by 2020, 24% by 2050
▪ Germany aims to reduce CO2 emissions by 40/55/80 - 95% until 2020/2030/2050 compared to 1990
▪ The transport sector accounts for ~ 19% of total German CO2emissions in 2009
▪ Until 2020, Germany aims to reduce trans-port emissions by 33.6 million tons CO2
1
Objectives set by German government
Battery electric vehicle Fuel cell
electric vehicle
24
HV
PHV
FCHV
FCHV(BUS)
Passenger cars Route buses
Short-distance commuters
EV
Express trains
Winglet
Vehicle size
Delivery trucks
Heavy-duty trucks
Small delivery vehiclesｉ series
Motorcycles
FCHVs
EVs
HVs & PHVs with internal combustion engine
Driving distance
Gasoline, diesel, bio-fuels, compressednatural gas, gas to liquids, coal to liquids, etc.ElectricityFuel Hydrogen
HVs or PHVs with internal combustion engines: wide use;EVs: short-distance compact commuters; FCHVs: medium-to-large vehicles and buses.
Regular trains
Vision of Low-Carbon Transport
25
Why Hydrogen now?
2626
Natural G
as
29%
35%
26%
Natural Gas
54%
84%
32%
65%
34%
81%
× ＝
× ＝
× ＝
Japan case
CNG HV
Electricity EV
Hydrogen FCVCom
pression
Transportation
Transportation
Charging
Charging
Com
pression
Pipe Line
Trailer
【70MPa】
Japan Domestic, Toyota Estimation
Total efficiency of Hydrogen/FCV is the highest andabout 1.3 times higher than that of Electricity/EV.
Comparison of total efficiencyin case of operation on the fuel originated from NG
Total efficiencyFuel efficiency Vehicle
Efficiency
Mining / Liquefaction / Transportation
power
generationH
ydrogen production
Regasification
Pow
er transm
ission
Charging
27
熱損失
26.3％（軸出力／エンジン総発生エネルギー）
Energy Flow
エンジン総発生エネルギー
Loss 熱損失
軸出力
熱損失
HydrogenEnergy to drive the car
ロス
Potential R
eductionFueL Cell Vehicle
Run with less energy
Oil com
bustion Energy
Thermal Loss
Out Put
Out Put
Loss
Production energy
Internal Combustion Car
High efficiency of Fuel Cell
28
Compared to gasoline HV,1. Hydrogen price: Advantageous for FCV users.2. Cash flow into foreign countries in hydrogen: Small
Import Domestic
Estimate based on the data from the Institute of Applied Energy
0
50
100
150
Gasoline HV Hydrogen FC generated by off-site natural gas reformation2020
Fuel
cost
(¥)
Fuel cost to drive FCHV-adv for 10km (real world) (excluding tax)
¥80/Nm３ ¥60/Nm３¥80/L
Crude oil
price
User's advantage during wide-spread commercialization phase
2020DOE's target
Natural gas
2010
(¥130/L, incl. tax)
¥48/Nm3
User's advantage duringInitial commercializationphase(Exempt from gasoline excise tax)
Hydrogen Price Estimate and Value Chain
29Expense of Japan for Crude Oil
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Import (100Mkl[)
Import (10billion$]
Japanese Crud Oil Import Amount of $ and KL (Ministry of Trade ) 2013 estimation
30User points VS Societal requirement
Clean/Low CO2
FreedomWired
PetrolDiesel
Hybrid
Plug-in Hybrid
Fuel CellBattery
Customer Need
Societal NeedCharging Network Charging Network
31
32
Several hundred stations are expected to be set up by 2015Several hundred stations are expected to be set up by 2015
32Worldwide location of hydrogen stations
Areas where infrastructure developmentcan be expected from early 2015
Areas where infrastructure development can be expected after 2015
In operation Planned
Not in operation
Hawaii
Japan
California New York
Scandinavia
Korea
China
Germany
AB8 20M$ /year to build 100st.(plans for 68st. in 2015 by CaFCP Roadmap]
Project started, aimingfor 100st. by 2020
50st. by 2015[public-private basic agreement in June 2012]
3st. build in 2012 GOV. funded 49M$ for 19st.more for 2014Target approx. 100st. by 2015
FranceU.K.
65st. by 2015UKH2Mobility
H2USANext step
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Example of container-type low cost station (Linde, Germany)
1. Hydrogen station deployment
- Material standards- Pressure standards- Accumulator structure
- Adjacent stations- Periodic inspection method- Self-service stations, etc.
2. Station technology development 3. Regulation review
“Action plan for regulation review” was announced in Dec 2010.
“Earlycommercialization”
In 4 major metropolitan areas
100 stations
“Commercializationexpanding”
47 prefectural capitals covered
1,000 stations
“Mass commercialization”
Nation-wide hydrogen net established5,000 stations
2015 2025 from 2030 onward
Commercialization start in 2015
Based on the proposal of Council of Competitiveness-Nippon (COCN)
It is necessary to solve these three issues for hydrogen station establishment.
Hydrogen Station Implementation
34
35
Hydrogen Cars are on Roads already
36
Evolution of Vehicle Systems
37Evolution of Vehicle System
Fuel Coal Oil
Engine Steam Internal combustion
Drive Manual TM Automatic TM
Petrol/DieselLocomotive
Efficiency
1900
38
First Prius Oct1997
39Evolution of Vehicle System
Fuel Coal Oil
Engine Steam Internal combustion
Drive Manual TM Automatic TM E-Drive
Petrol/DieselLocomotive Hybrid
Efficiency
2000
40Evolution of Vehicle System
Fuel Coal Oil
Engine Steam Internal combustion
Drive Manual TM Automatic TM E-Drive
Petrol/DieselLocomotive Hybrid
Efficiency
EnvironmentalRestrain Range Comfort High Oil Price
41Evolution of Vehicle System
Fuel Coal Oil
Engine Steam Internal combustion
Drive Manual TM Automatic TM E-Drive
Petrol/DieselLocomotive Hybrid
Efficiency
EnvironmentalRestrain Range Comfort High Oil Price Sustainability
42
Using hybrid technology for PHV, EV, and FCHV
Evolution of E-drive and Engine
43Hydrogen Today and Tomorrow
Fuel Coal Oil
Engine Steam Internal combustion
Drive Manual TM Automatic TM E-Drive
Fuel Cell
Hydrogen
Petrol/DieselLocomotive Hybrid Fuel Cell
Efficiency
EnvironmentalRestrain Range Comfort High Oil Price Sustainability
44
HV
PHV FCHV
FCHV(BUS)
Passenger cars Route buses
Short-distance commuters
EV
Express trains
Winglet
Vehicle size
Delivery trucks
Heavy-duty trucks
Small delivery vehiclesｉ series
Motorcycles
FCHVs
EVs
HVs & PHVs with internal combustion engine
Driving distance
Gasoline, diesel, bio-fuels, compressednatural gas, gas to liquids, coal to liquids, etc.ElectricityFuel Hydrogen
HVs or PHVs with internal combustion engines: wide use;EVs: short-distance compact commuters; FCHVs: medium-to-large vehicles and buses.
Vision of Response to Environmental and Energy IssuesVision of Response to Environmental and Energy Issues
Regular trains
45Towards the Sustainable Society
Sustainable SocietyPeacefulHealthy
Life for all
Fossil Fuel Based SocietyStruggle for Energy
South-North Problem
Fuel Cell For TransportRenewable energy for electricityEnergy saving for industry and household
Rich Oil CourtiersGood Life if oil affordablePoor for others
46Towards the Sustainable Society
Sustainable SocietyPeacefulHealthy
Life for all
Fossil Fuel Based SocietyStruggle for Energy
South-North Problem
Fuel Cell For TransportRenewable energy for electricityEnergy saving for industry and household
Rich Oil CourtiersGood Life if oil affordablePoor for others
Scientists
Engineers
Academies
Industries
Governments
47
HV
PHV
FCHV
FCHV(BUS)
Passenger cars Route buses
Short-distance commuters
EV
Express trains
Winglet
Vehicle size
Delivery trucks
Heavy-duty trucks
Small delivery vehiclesｉ series
Motorcycles
FCHVs
EVs
HVs & PHVs with internal combustion engine
Driving distance
Gasoline, diesel, bio-fuels, compressednatural gas, gas to liquids, coal to liquids, etc.ElectricityFuel Hydrogen
People choose vehicle according to the convenience but society choose fuels.
Vision of Response to Environmental and Energy IssuesVision of Response to Environmental and Energy Issues
Regular trains
48The issues we are facing are all interconnected
Population increase
Rich and Poor
Unstable World
Lack of Energy
Environmental
pollution
Climate change
49
Population increase
Rich and Poor
Unstable World
Lack of Energy
Environmental pollution
Climate change
EfficientAlternativeRenewableSafe
Material to Cut Connections
5050
Energy diversificationHydrogen can be produced from various primary energy sources
Driving pleasure
Zero emissionsZero CO2 emissions during driving
Practical cruising range(over 500 km)Refueling time (three minutes)
Fuel cell start-up below freezing(-30ºC)
Tokyo Motor Show Concept
Performance
Power supply capabilities are 4-5 times that of an EV, and can supply power to an average household for more than a week
Large power supply capability for emergencies
Smooth start and good acceleration at low and medium speeds
Smooth and quiet operation
Advantages of FCVs
5151
Power Supply SystemFC busFCV sedan
Can supply power to an averagehousehold for longer than a week
FCstack Inverter Inverter
Can supply power for evacuation center (school gymnasium) lighting for about five days*
*Fully fueled FC bus; Power consumption for lighting:100kWh; 12 hours of lighting a day
Develop FCV sedan and FC bus so that their large powersupply can be used in emergencies
52Hydrogen as a Energy Storage for Renewable Energy
From HP Enertrag
53Energy Storage Technology
54
HyGrid is able to store huge energy and much more cost effective for middle to longer energy fluctuation and larger energy storage
Pow
er O
utpu
t
Duration of Fluctuation
HyGrid
Wind
PVBattery
Smart Grid
MinHour Day Week Season
kW
G
W
TW
Cost of storage
Hydrogen storage
Batteryleaner increase
Electrolysis + Cheap storage
Amount of Energy
Smart Grid
HyGrid
HyGrid
55
PHVEV
Job creation and industrial
development
Hydrogen acts as a enhancer for energy system
Electricity
Hydrogen
Heat
Electrolysis
Heat utilization
Thermal power generation
Renewable energy
Residential cogeneration system (ENE FARM)Surplus
electricity
Electricity grid
FC busFCV FC forklift
Hydrogen grid
Biomass, etc.
Fossil fuelGas supply
Emergency power feeding
Independent disaster prevention center
for emergency
Mass introduction of renewable energy and stored energy
Local production for local consumption
of energy
Energy Storage
Source: HyGrid Study Group
HyGrid Concept
56When Hydrogen economy will come?
57What we learned
• Future is not predictable.
• We can prepare for Future.
58Toyota FCV-Concept
59
Change the worldToward
Safe and Healthy WorldTogether
With Hydrogen
60
Today For Tomorrow
Thank you for your attention.
