Vehicle Tracking System

Aim of this project is to track the location of our Vehicle. This project

gives Minute-by-minute updates about vehicle location by sending SMS

through GSM modem. This SMS contains longitude and latitude of the

location of vehicle. Microcontroller gets the coordinates from GPS

modem and then it sends this information to the user in Text SMS. GSM

modem is used to send this information via SMS. SMS will be sent to

the owner of the vehicle.

Block diagram

Vehicle Tracking System

This project consists of following blocks:

1. GPS Modem

2. GSM Modem

3. Microcontroller (Arduino UNO)

4. LCD display

5. Power Adopter

GPS Modem: A GPS navigation device is a device that accurately

calculates geographical location by receiving information from

GPS satellites. GPS modems need to be connected to a computer in

order to work. This computer can be a home computer, laptop,

PDA, digital camera, or smart phones. Depending on the type of

computer and available connectors, connections can be made

through a serial or USB cable.

GPS receiver communication is defined within NMEA

specification. Most computer programs that provide real time

position information understand and expect data to be in this

standard.

Each sentence begins with a '$' and ends with a carriage return/line

feed sequence and can be no longer than 80 characters of visible

text. The data is contained within this single line with data items

separated by commas. The data itself is just ASCII text and may

extend over multiple sentences in certain specialized instances but

is normally fully contained in one variable length sentence.

GSM Modem: A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works

with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a

dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up

modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line

while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio

waves. An external GSM modem is connected to a computer

through a serial cable or a USB cable. Like a GSM mobile phone, a

GSM modem requires a SIM card from a wireless carrier in order

to operate.

Computers use AT commands to control modems. Both GSM

modems and dial-up modems support

a common set of standard AT

commands. In addition to the

standard AT commands, GSM

modems support an extended set of

AT commands. These extended AT

commands are defined in the GSM

standards. With the extended AT

commands, you can do things like:

Reading, writing and deleting SMS

messages.

Sending SMS messages.

Monitoring the signal strength.

Monitoring the charging status and charge level of the battery.

Reading, writing and searching phone book entries.

SIM900 GSM Modem

MESSAGE SENDING AND WRITING COMMANDS

AT+CMGS, Send Message

This command sends a short message from the modem to the network

Command Possible Response

If text mode; AT+CMGS=<da>[,<toda>]<cr>

text is entered <ctrl+z/esc> If PDU mode;

AT+CMGS=<length><cr>

PDU mode is given <ctrl+z/esc> e.g. (text mode)

AT+CMGS=.01763262222.<cr> >Write your test here <ctrl+z>

If text mode and sending successful;

+CMGS: <mr> If PDU mode and sending successful;

+CMGS: <mr>

Note:

1. Control+z = terminate and send, escape = terminate and quit

(without sending). 2. After sending the command AT+CMGS="123456"<cr> wait for

the character > before sending the text or characters will be lost. 3. The text string is terminated by ctrl+z do not use a carriage

return like other commands.

Arduino UNO board: The Arduino Uno R3 is a microcontroller

board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins

(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16

MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP

header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support

the microcontroller

Power adopter: This is used to give appropriate dc power supply

to microcontroller, driver IC sensors and the other passive

components of the robot.

Overview:

Overview

Description

The system uses a GPS Modem and a GSM modem to give the

updates about the location of the vehicle. Both the modems are

attached to arduino UNO board along with a 16x2 LCD to display the

location on the system. Both modems transfer data over UART

protocol. The Arduino UNO has one built in UART, therefore for the

2nd modem SoftwareSerial library of Arduino is being used.

GPS Receiver receives the information in string format, transmitted

by Satellites and uses this information to calculate different

parameters between it and satellites. With information from satellites,

a GPS receiver can fix its location on the ground from the known

position of the satellites. The GPS modem has an antenna which

receives the satellite signals and transfers them to the modem. The

modem in turn converts the data into useful information and sends the

output in serial RS232 logic level format.

The program burnt into the microcontroller extracts the location

information from the data received from the GPS modem and sends

this information to GSM modem using the specified command so that

this information is sent to the destination mobile phone over the GSM

network in form of text message.

Program:

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

SoftwareSerial mySerial(10, 11); // using digital i/o pins for serial commnication

/*RX is digital pin 10 (connect to TX of other device)

TX is digital pin 11 (connect to RX of other device)*/

LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2);

char str[70];

char *test="$GPGGA";

char logitude[10];

char latitude[10];

int i,j,k;

int temp;

int c=0;

void setup()

{

mySerial.begin(9600);

Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.begin(16, 2);

lcd.print("GPS Besed Vehicle");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

char a[]="Tracking System";

lcd.print(a);

delay(10000);

lcd.clear();

}

void loop()

{

if (temp==1)

{

for(i=18;i<27;i++) //extract latitude from string

{

latitude[j]=str[i];

j++;

}

for(i=32;i<40;i++) //extract longitude from string

{

logitude[k]=str[i];

k++;

}

lcd.setCursor(0,0); //display latitude and longitude on 16X2 lcd display

lcd.print("Lat(N)");

lcd.print(latitude);

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Lon(E)");

lcd.print(logitude);

delay(100);

if(c<5)

{

delay(100);

mySerial.print("AT+CMGS=");

mySerial.print('"');

mySerial.print("07503904632");

mySerial.print('"');

mySerial.print(' \r');

mySerial.print("Latitude(N): "); //enter latitude in msg

mySerial.println(latitude);

mySerial.print("Longitude(E): "); //enter Longitude in Msg

mySerial.println(logitude);

mySerial.write(26);

c++;

}}

temp=0;

i=0;

j=0;

k=0;

delay(2000); // next reading within 20 seconds

}

}

void serialEvent()

{

while (Serial.available()) //Serial incomming data from GPS

{

char inChar = (char)Serial.read();

str[i]= inChar; //store incomming data from GPS to temparary string str[]

i++;

if (i < 7)

{

if(str[i-1] != test[i-1]) //check for right string

{

i=0;

}

}

if(i >=60)

{

temp=1;

}

}

}

Using Digital I/O pins of Arduino UNO board for serial

communication:

The Arduino hardware has built-in support for serial communication on

pins 0 and 1 (which also goes to the computer via the USB connection). The native serial support happens via a piece of hardware (built into the

chip) called a UART. This hardware allows the Atmega chip to receive

serial communication even while working on other tasks, as long as there room in the 64 byte serial buffer.

The SoftwareSerial library has been developed to allow serial

communication on other digital pins of the Arduino, using software to

replicate the functionality (hence the name "SoftwareSerial"). It is possible to have multiple software serial ports with speeds up to 115200

bps.

Example

/*

Software serial multple serial test Receives from the hardware serial, sends to software serial.

Receives from software serial, sends to hardware serial.

The circuit: * RX is digital pin 10 (connect to TX of other device) * TX is digital pin 11 (connect to RX of other device)

Note:

Not all pins on the Mega and Mega 2560 support change interrupts, so only the following can be used for RX: 10, 11, 12, 13, 50, 51, 52, 53, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69

Not all pins on the Leonardo support change interrupts,

so only the following can be used for RX: 8, 9, 10, 11, 14 (MISO), 15 (SCK), 16 (MOSI).

created back in the mists of time modified 25 May 2012

by Tom Igoe based on Mikal Hart's example

This example code is in the public domain.

*/ #include <SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerial mySerial(10, 11); // RX, TX

void setup() { // Open serial communications and wait for port to open:

Serial.begin(57600); while (!Serial) {

; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for Leonardo only }

Serial.println("Goodnight moon!");

// set the data rate for the SoftwareSerial port mySerial.begin(4800);

mySerial.println("Hello, world?"); }

void loop() // run over and over {

if (mySerial.available()) Serial.write(mySerial.read());

if (Serial.available())

mySerial.write(Serial.read()); }

Programming Digital I/O pins of Arduino UNO board:

Each pin is controlled by three commands associated with it which are

designated as:

pinMode()

digitalWrite()

digitalRead()

pinMode()

This configures the specified pin to behave either as an input or an output.

Syntax

pinMode(pin, mode)

Parameters

pin: the number of the pin whose mode you wish to set

mode: INPUT, OUTPUT.

Returns

None

Example

int ledPin = 13; // LED connected to digital pin 13

void setup()

{

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // sets the digital pin as output

}

void loop()

{

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // sets the LED on

delay(1000); // waits for a second

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // sets the LED off

delay(1000); // waits for a second

}

digitalWrite()

Write a HIGH or a LOW value to a digital pin.

If the pin has been configured as an OUTPUT with pinMode(), its voltage

will be set to the corresponding value: 5V (or 3.3V on 3.3V boards) for

HIGH, 0V (ground) for LOW.

Syntax

digitalWrite(pin, value)

Parameters

pin: the pin number

value: HIGH or LOW

Returns

None

Example

Sets pin 13 to HIGH, makes a one-second-long delay, and sets the pin back to LOW.

int ledPin = 13; // LED connected to digital pin 13

void setup()

{

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // sets the digital pin as output

}

void loop()

{

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // sets the LED on

delay(1000); // waits for a second

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // sets the LED off

delay(1000); // waits for a second

}

digitalRead()

Reads the value from a specified digital pin, either HIGH or LOW.

Syntax

digitalRead(pin)

Parameters

pin: the number of the digital pin you want to read (int)

Returns

HIGH or LOW

Example

int ledPin = 13; // LED connected to digital pin 13

int inPin = 7; // pushbutton connected to digital pin 7

int val = 0; // variable to store the read value

void setup()

{

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // sets the digital pin 13 as output

pinMode(inPin, INPUT); // sets the digital pin 7 as input

}

void loop()

{

val = digitalRead(inPin); // read the input pin

digitalWrite(ledPin, val); // sets the LED to the button's value

}